SUCCOTH.

SY

1. A city in the tribe of Gad. (Josh. xiii. 27. Judg. viii. 5. 1 Kings vii. 46.) Hither "Jacob journeyed, and built him a house, and made booths for his cattle: therefore the name of the place is called Succoth," that is, booths. (Gen. xxxiii. 17.)

TA

6. SYRIA OF Toв, or of Ishtob, or of the land of Tob, or of the Tubieni, as they are called in the Maccabees, was in the neighbourhood of Libanus, the northern extremity of Palestine. (Judg. xi. 3. 5. 1 Macc. v. 13. 2 Macc. xii. 17.) When Jephthah was banished by his brethren from Gilead, he withdrew into the land of Tob.

7. SYRIA OF EMATH, or Hamath, that of which the city Hamath, on the Orontes, was the capital.

2. The first encampment of the Israelites in their march out of Egypt. (Num. xxxiii. 5. Exod. xii. 37. xiii. 20.) Dr. Shaw is of opinion that no fixed situation can be assigned for this place (it signifying only a place of tents), being probably nothing more 8. SYRIA, without any other appellation, stands for the KINGthan some considerable Dou-war (or encampment) of the Ish-DOM OF SYRIA, of which Antioch became the capital after the maelites or Arabs, such as may be still met with, at the distance reign of the Seleucida. of fifteen or twenty miles from Cairo, on the road towards the Red Sea. The rendezvous of the caravan which conducted Dr. S. to Suez was at one of these Dou-wars; at the same time he saw another about six miles off, in the very same direction which the Israelites may be supposed to have taken in their marches from Goshen to the Red Sea. (Travels, vol. ii. p. 93.)

SUCCOTH-BENOTH (or booths of the daughters), an object of idolatrous worship among the Babylonians. According to the most common opinion they were small tents or booths, in which the Babylonish maidens exposed themselves to prostitution, in honour of a Babylonish goddess called My litta. Herodotus (Hist. 1. i. c. 199.) gives a particular account of these abominable practices; which, there is reason to conclude from 1 Kings xvii. 30., the Babylonians introduced into Judæa.

SUKKIMS, an African people mentioned in 2 Chron. xiii. 3. in conjunction with Libyans and Ethiopians. In the Septuagint and Vulgate versions, they are termed Troglodytes, probably from their dwelling in caves. Such a people dwelt near the Red Sea. SUMMER of Palestine, notice of, 24. SUPERIORS, reverence to, how shown, 169. SURVEYING of land, known to the Jews, 187.

9. CELO-SYRIA, or Cale-Syria, or the Lower Syria, occurs in several places of the Maccabees. (1 Macc. x. 69. 2 Macc. iii. 5. 8. iv. 4. viii. 8.) The word Cole-Syria, in the Greek, signifies Syria Cava, or Syria the Hollow, or deep. It may be considered, says Strabo, either in a proper and restrained sense, as comprehending only the tract of land between Libanus and Antilibanus: or in a larger signification, and then it will comprehend all the country in obedience to the kings of Syria, from Seleucia or Arabia and Egypt.

Syria at first was governed by its own kings, each of whom reigned in his own city and territories. David subdued them about A. M. 2960, B. c. 1044 (2 Sam. viii. 6.), on occasion of his war against the Ammonites, to whom the Syrians gave assistance, (2 Sam. x. 6. 8. 13. 18, 19.) They continued in subjection till after the reign of Solomon, when they shook off the yoke, and could not be reduced again till the time of Jeroboam II. king of Israel, A. M. 3179, B. c. 820. Rezin, king of Syria, and Pekah, king of Israel, having declared war against Ahab, king of Judah, this prince found himself under the necessity of calling to his assistance Tiglath-pileser, king of Assyria, who put Rezin to death, took Damascus, and transported the Syrians out of their

SUSANCHITES, the inhabitants of Susa or SHUSHAN. (Ezra iv. 9.) country beyond the Euphrates. From that time Syria continued
SWEARING, or oaths of the Jews. See pp. 81, 82.
SWORDS of the Hebrews, notice of, 88.
SYCAMORE trees of Palestine, 37.

SYCHAR. See SICHEм, p. 450.

SYENE, a city on the southern frontiers of Egypt, bordering on Ethiopia. (Ezek. xxix. 10. xxx. 6.)

SYNAGOGUES, origin and form of, 103, 104. Officers of, 104. Account of the synagogue worship, 104-106. Its ecclesiastical power, 106. Nineteen Jewish prayers read in the synagogue, 106, 107.

SYRACUSE, a large and celebrated city on the eastern coast of Sicily, furnished with a capacious and excellent harbour. Saint Paul abode here three days on his first journey to Rome. (Acts xxviii. 12.)

SYRIA, properly so called, was a country of Asia, comprehended between the Euphrates on the east, the Mediterranean on the west, Cilicia on the north, Phoenicia, Judæa, and Arabia Deserta, on the south. It was divided into various provinces or cantons, which derived their names from their situation, with respect to particular rivers or cities. Thus,

1. SYRIA of the two rivers, or MESOPOTAMIA of SYRIA, or ARAM NAHARAIM (Hebrew), was comprehended between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates.

2. SYRIA OF DAMASCUS, that of which Damascus was the capital, extended eastward along Mount Libanus. Its limits varied according as the princes that reigned at Damascus were more or less powerful.

8. SYRIA OF ZOBAH, or Soba, or Sobal, as it is called by the Septuagint, was probably Cole-Syria, or Syria the hollow. Its capital was Zobah, a city unknown, unless it be Hoba or Hobal, north of Damascus. (Gen. xiv. 15.)

4. SYRIA OF MAACHAR, or of Bethmaacah, was also towards Libanus. (2 Sam. x. 6. 8. 2 Kings xv. 29.) It extended beyond Jordan, and was given to Manasseh. (Deut. iii. 14.)

5. SYRIA OF ROоHов ог REнов, was that part of Syria of which Rehob was the capital. But Rohob was near the northern frontier of the land of promise (Num. xiii. 21.), on the way or pass that leads to Emath or Hamath. It was given to the tribe of Asher, and is contiguous to Aphek, which was in Libanus. (Josh. xix. 28. 30. and xxi. 31.) Laish, otherwise called Dan, situate at the fountains of Jordan, was in the country of Rohob. (Judg. i. 31.) Hadadazer, king of Syria of Zobah, was son of Rehob or Rohob, or perhaps a native of the city of this name. (2 Sam. viii. 3. 12.) The Ammonites called to their assistance, against David, the Syrians of Rehob, of Zoba, of Maachah, and of Ishtob. (2 Sam. x. 6. 8.)

in subjection to the kings of Assyria. Afterwards it came under the dominion of the Chaldæans; then under that of the Persians; lastly, it was reduced by Alexander the Great, and was subject to all the revolutions that happened to the great empires of the East. SYRIAN IDOLS, notice of, 137, 138.

SYRO-PHOENICIA is Phoenicia properly so called, of which Sidon, or Zidon, was the capital; which having by right of conquest been united to the kingdom of Syria, added its old name Phoenicia to that of Syria. The Canaanitish woman is called a Syrophoenician (Mark vii. 26.), because she was of Phoenicia, which was then considered as making part of Syria. St. Matthew calls her a Canaanitish women (Matt. xv. 22. 24.), because this country was really peopled by the Canaanites, Sidon being the eldest son of Canaan. (Gen. x. 15.) The Syro-Phoenicians were so called to distinguish them from the Phoenicians of Africa, who were called Liby-Phoenicians. Both were of the same Canaanitish stock or original.

TABERAH (or burning), an encampment of the Israelites in the wilderness. (Num. xi. 3. Deut. ix. 22.) It derives its name from the circumstance that fire went forth from the tabernacle, and burnt a considerable part of their camp, as a punishment for their murmurings.

TABERNACLES, feast of, how celebrated, 126, 127. A proof of the credibility of the Old Testament, I. 66.

TABERNACLES, various, in use among the Israelites, 96. Form and construction of the tabernacle of Moses, 96, 97. Its migra tions, 97.

TABITHA, the Aramaan name of a female Christian, otherwise called Dorcas, whom St. Peter miraculously restored to life. (Acts ix. 36. 40.)

TABLE, ancient mode of reclining at, explained, 154.
TABLETS, for writing, form of, 182.
TABOR, OF THABOR, Mount, account of, 30, 31.
TABRET, notice of, 183.

TACTICS, military, of the Jews, 89, 90.

TADMOR, a city of Syria, erected by king Solomon. It was situated in the wilderness of Syria, on the borders of Arabia Deserta, whence it is called Tadmor in the Wilderness, in 1 Kings ix. 18. Josephus places it at two days' journey from the Upper Syria, one day's journey from the Euphrates, and six days' journey from Babylon. He says that there is no water in the wilderness but in this place. (Ant. Jud. lib. viii. c. 6. § 1.) If we may form any conjecture of this city by the ruins of it, which later travellers have described, it must have been one of the first and most magnificent in the East; and it is somewhat

its inhabitants by Herod caused it in a short time to become a
place of considerable note: it was situated in a plain near the
Lake of Gennesareth, which is thence termed the Lake or Sea
of Tiberias. (See it described in pp. 26, 27.) After the destruc-
tion of Jerusalem, this city became eminent for its Academy,
over which a succession of Jewish doctors presided until the
fourth century. On every side ruins of walls, columns, and
foundations, indicate its ancient splendour. The modern popu-
lation of Tiberias is from fifteen hundred to two thousand it is
principally inhabited by Jews, who are said to be the descendants
of families resident there in the time of our Saviour. Dr. Clarke
conjectures that they are a remnant of refugees who fled hither
after the capture of Jerusalem by the Romans. Tiberias is about
ninety miles distant from Jerusalem: the modern town, which
is very small, and is walled round, with towers at equal distances,
stands close to the lake, upon a plain surrounded by mountains;
and is celebrated for its hot baths, which are much frequented.
Tiberias has the most imposing appearance, from without, of
any town in Syria; but within, it is as wretched as any other.
About a mile from this town, and exactly in front of the lake, is
a chain of rocks, in which are distinctly seen cavities or grottoes,
that have been proof against the ravages of time. These have
uniformly been represented to travellers as the places referred to
in Scripture, which were frequented by miserable and fierce
demoniacs, upon one of whom our Lord wrought a miraculous
and instantaneous cure. Matt. viii. 28. Mark v. 2, 3. Luke viii.
27. (Dr. Clarke's Travels, vol. iv. pp. 219-233. 8vo. Light's
Travels in Egypt, &c. &c. p. 203. Jolliffe's Letters from Pales-
tine, pp. 32-34. Burkhardt's Travels in Syria, &c. pp. 320-330.ling across the Great Desert of Arabia, 34, 35.
Travels in Egypt and Nubia, &c. by Captains Irby and Mangles.
p. 294. Jowett's Researches in Syria, pp. 171. 173. Carne's
Letters, pp. 361, 362. Rae Wilson's Travels in the Holy Land,
vol. ii. p. 25. Third edition.)

kings of Israel, from Jeroboam I. to Omri, who built the city of
Samaria, which then became the capital of his kingdom. (Josh.
xii. 24. 1 Kings xiv. 17. xv. 21. 2 Kings xv. 14.) Its situation
is represented as pleasant in Sol. Song vi. 4.

TISRI OF TIZRI, the first month of the civil year of the Jews, and the seventh of their ecclesiastical year. For a notice of the festivals, &c. occurring in this month, see p. 75. TITHES, when and of what things paid, 120. TITUS, a Christian teacher, by birth a Gentile, but converted by St. Paul, who therefore calls him his son (Gal. ii. 3. Tit. i. 4.), and whose companion and fellow-labourer he became. In 2 Tim. iv. 10. the apostle speaks of him as having gone to Dalmatia; and in Tit. i. 5. he assigns the reason of his leaving Titus in Crete, viz. to perfect the work which Paul had there begun, and to establish and regulate the churches. For an analysis of St. Paul's epistle to Titus, see pp. 346, 347.

TOLA, the tenth judge of Israel, of the tribe of Issachar. He succeeded Abimelech, and died after an administration of twentythree years. (Judg. x. 1, 2.)

TOMBS of the Hebrews, account of, 200, 201.
TORNADOES frequent in Palestine, 38, 39.
TOWER of Antonia, 21.

TRACHONITIS, district of, 18.

TRADITIONS of the elders concerning the Sabbath, exposed, 121.; were preferred by the Pharisees to the Law of Moses, 145. TRANSFIGURATION, mount of, 31. and note 1. TRANSMIGRATION of souls, believed by the Jews, 144. TRAVELLING, Jewish mode of, 122. note 7. Horrors of travel

TREATIES, nature of, 80. How made and ratified, 80, 81.
TREES of Palestine, notice of, 36, 37.
TRESPASS-OFFERINGS, notice of, 65. 118.

TRIALS, proceedings of, among the Jews, 55-57.
TRIBES, allotments of. See pp. 16, 17. Heads or princes of,

TIBERIUS, Claudius Drusus Nero, emperor of Rome, succeeded his step father Augustus: he died, A. D. 37, after reigning 22|41, 42. years. In the 14th year of his reign, John the Baptist first appeared; and the crucifixion of Jesus Christ took place in the third or fourth year after. (Luke iii. 1.)

TIGLATH-PILESER, king of Assyria, the son and successor of Sardanapalus. See ASSYRIA, p. 409.

TIME, Jewish and Roman modes of computing, 72-75. Calendar of the Jewish year, 75, 76. Parts of a period of time reckoned for the whole, 76, 77. Æras of time in use among the Jews, 77.

TIMON, the name of one of the seven primitive deacons of the church at Jerusalem. (Acts vi. 5.)

TIMOTHEUS, Commonly called Timothy, a Christian of Derbe, whose mother was of Jewish descent, and eminent for her piety, while his father was a Gentile. He was selected by St. Paul, as his chosen companion in his journeys; and was left by him at Ephesus to take the charge of the church there. He appears to have possessed in a high degree the confidence and affection of St. Paul, by whom he is often mentioned in terms of warm commendation. For analyses, &c. of the two epistles addressed to Timothy by the apostle, see pp. 343–346.

TRIBUNAL (Imperial), appeals to, 59. Roman tribunals, 57. Jewish tribunals, 54, 55.

TRIBUTE paid by the Jews, account of, 78. Reluctantly paid to the Romans, ibid.

TRIUMPHS (military) of the Romans, allusions to, explained, 94, 95.

TROAS, a maritime city of Mysia, situated on the western coast, at some distance to the southward of the supposed site of ancient Troy. The adjacent region is also called Troas or the Troad. (Acts xvi. 8. 11. xx. 5, 6. 2 Cor. ii. 12. 2 Tim. iv. 13.)

TROGYLLIUM (Acts xx. 15.), a promontory at the foot of Mount Mycale, opposite to, and about five miles from, Samos. TROPHIES, military, of the Jews, 92.

(Acts

TROPHIMUS, a Christian disciple of Ephesus, who accompanied Saint Paul on his departure from Greece to Judæa, and at Jerusalem was the innocent cause of the dangers to which he was there exposed. Recognised by some Jews from Asia Minor, who had seen him with St. Paul, they took occasion to accuse the apostle of having taken Greeks with him into the temple. (Acts xx. 4. xxi. 29.) After this time we find no mention made of TIRHAKA, a king of Egypt or Ethiopia, is known in Scripture Trophimus in the New Testament, until after his master's first only by the powerful diversion which he made in behalf of Heze-imprisonment at Rome. In one of the voyages which followed kiah, king of Judah, when pressed by the forces of Sennacherib, the apostle's liberation, Trophimus was "left at Miletum sick.” king of Assyria. (2 Kings xix. 9. xviii. 21. Isa. xxxvi. 6. xxxvii. (2 Tim. iv. 20.) This circumstance proves, if further proof 9.) Although, under this prince, Egypt appears to have recovered were wanting, that St. Paul was twice a prisoner at Rome; for some of the advantages which it had lost under So, the prede- Trophimus, at the time of his first journey to Miletus, had not cessor of Tirhaka; it is not clear whether we are to understand been left there, since we read of his arrival in Judæa. in the passages just cited a mere report of an invasion which xx. 15.) was circulated, and which deceived the Assyrians, or an actual war in which they were engaged with the Egyptian monarch. Some expositors are of opinion that he carried his arms into Assyria, while Sennacherib was in Judæa. Tirhaka, the third sovereign of the Ethiopian or twenty-fifth dynasty, whose name is confirmed by ancient Egyptian monuments and inscriptions (compare Vol. I. p. 89.), is the Taracus of profane historians. If the predictions contained in the thirtieth and following chapters of Isaiah relate to Hezekiah, Tirhaka must be the Pharaoh intended in those passages; which some commentators refer to anterior times. The prophecies contained in the nineteenth chapter of Isaiah, particularly verses 2. and 4., have been supposed to announce the events which followed Tirhaka's death, the supplanting or removal of the Ethiopian dynasty by that of the Saites, and the revolutions which are recorded to have taken place in that period of the history of Egypt.

TIRZAH, a delightful city of Ephraim, the royal seat of the

TRUMPETS, form of, 184.; feast of, 127. TRUST, violations of, how punished, 63. TRYPHENA and TRYPHOSA, two Christian women resident at Rome, where they laboured in diffusing a knowledge of the Gospel, and in succouring their fellow-believers. The mention of both their names by Saint Paul has led some to conjecture that they were sisters. (Rom. xvi. 12.)

TUBAL-CAIN, the son of Lamech and Zillah, invented the art of working metals: there is great reason to believe that he was the Vulcan of ancient mythology.

Tuμжanoμos, or beating to death, account of, 68.
TUNICS, of the Jews, form of, 156.

TYCHICUS, a Christian, probably of Ephesus, who was the friend and associate of St. Paul, and is mentioned by him in the most affectionate terms. (Acts xx. 4. Eph. vi. 21. Col. iv. 7. 2 Tim. iv. 12. Tit. iii. 12.)

TYRANNUS, a person at Ephesus, in whose house or school

TY

St. Paul proposed and defended the doctrines of the Gospel. (Acts xix. 9.) By some he is thought to have been a Jewish doctor or rabbi, who had a public school at Ephesus; while others, with more probability, suppose that he was a Greek sophist, because the apostle taught for two successive years in his school, after he had ceased to preach in the synagogues. (Acts xix. 9.)

VE

of fourteen months against Antigonus, before he could reduce the city. After this, Tyre fell alternately under the dominion of the kings of Syria and Egypt, and then of the Romans, until it was taken by the Saracens, about A. D. 639, retaken by the Crusaders, A. D. 1124; and at length sacked and razed by the Mamelukes of Egypt, with Sidon, and other strong towns, that they might no longer harbour the Christians, A. D. 1289. (Dr. Hales's Analysis of Chronology, vol. i. pp. 442-444.) The population of modern Tyre is estimated at 7000; of whom 1600 are Christians having places of worship, and about two hundred are Jews, who have a synagogue. (Rae Wilson's Travels, vol. ii. p. 77.)

From Sidon to Tyre is generally one continued plain, varying from 300 to 1000 yards in width. Nearer to Tyre, it becomes considerably wider; and forms to the east of that city, on every side, a rich and pleasing country. About Ras-el-Ain, in particular, the meadows, variegated by streamlets, are very picturesque, and capable of being rendered highly productive. (Jowett's Christian Researches in Syria, p. 297.)

The following description of the modern town of Surat, by a recent intelligent traveller, will give the reader a lively idea of the splendour of ancient Tyre in the days of her commercial prosperity, as delineated by the prophet Ezekiel (xxvii. 3.) :— interesting groups of natives on elephants, camels, horses, and mules; strangers from all parts of the globe, in their respective costume; vessels building on the stocks, others navigating the river; together with Turks, Persians, and Armenians, on Arabian chargers; European ladies in splendid carriages, the Asiatic females in hackeries drawn by oxen; and the motley appearance of the English and nabob's troops on the fortifications, remind us of the following description of Tyre: 0 thou that art situate, &c. (Ezek. xxvii. 3.) This is a true picture of Oriental commerce in ancient times; and a very exact description of the port and the bazaars of Surat, at the present day." (Forbes's Oriental Memoirs, vol. i. p. 244.)

TYRE, a celebrated city and sea-port of Phoenicia, that boasted of a very early antiquity, which is recognised by the prophet Isaiah (xxiii. 7.), but which is variously estimated by profane writers, whose discordant accounts this is not the place to adjust and determine. Even in the time of Joshua it was strongly fortified; for it is called the strong city Tyre. (Josh. xix. 29.) Tyre was twofold, insular and continental. Insular Tyre was certainly the most ancient, for it was noticed by Joshua: the continental city, however, as being more commodiously situated, first grew into consideration, and assumed the name of Palætyrus, or Old Tyre. Want of sufficient attention to this distinction has embarrassed both the Tyrian chronology and geography. Insular Tyre was confined to a small rocky island, eight hundred paces long and four hundred broad, and could never exceed two miles in circumference. But Tyre, on the opposite coast, about half a mile from the sea, was a city of vast extent, since, many centuries after its demolition by Nebu-"The bazaars, filled with costly merchandise, picturesque and chadnezzar, the scattered ruins measured nineteen miles round, as we learn from Pliny and Strabo. Of these, the most curious and surprising are, the cisterns of Ras-el-Ain, designed to supply the city with water; of which there are three still entire, about one or two furlongs from the sea; so well described by Maundrell, for their curious construction and solid masonry. "The fountains of these waters," says he, after the description, "are as unknown as the contriver of them. According to common tradition, they are filled from a subterraneous river, which king Solomon discovered by his great sagacity; and he caused these cisterns to be made as part of his recompense to king Hiram, for the materials furnished by that prince towards building the temple at Jerusalem. It is certain, however, from their rising so high above the level of the ground, that they must be brought from some part of the mountains, which are about a league distant; and it is as certain that the work was well done at first; seeing it performs its office so well, at so great a distance of time; the Turks having broken an outlet on the west side of the cistern, through which there issues a stream like a brook, driving four corn mills between it and the sea." From these cisterns there was an aqueduct which led to the city, supported by arches, about six yards from the ground, running in a northerly direction, about an hour, when it turns to the west, at a small mount, where anciently stood a fort, but now a mosque, which seems to ascertain the site of the old city; and thence proceeds over the isthmus that connects Insular Tyre with the main, built by Alexander, when he besieged and took it.

Old Tyre withstood the mighty Assyrian power, having been besieged in vain, by Shalmaneser, for five years, although he cut off their supplies of water from the cisterns, which they remedied by digging wells within the city. It afterwards held out for thirteen years against Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, and was at length taken; but not until the Tyrians had removed their effects to the insular town, and left nothing but the bare walls to the victor, which he demolished. What completed the destruction of the city was, that Alexander afterwards made use of these materials to build a prodigious causeway, or isthmus, above half a mile long, to the insular city, which revived, as the phoenix, from the ashes of the old, and grew to great power and opulence, as a maritime state; and which he stormed after a most obstinate siege of five months. Bp. Pococke observes, that "there are no signs of the ancient city; and as it is a sandy shore, the face of every thing is altered, and the great aqueduct is in many parts almost buried in the sand." (Vol. ii. p. 81.) Thus has been fulfilled the prophecy of Ezekiel: Thou shalt be built no more: though thou be sought for, yet shalt thou never be found again! (xxvi. 21.)

The fate of Insular Tyre has been no less remarkable; when Alexander stormed the city, he set fire to it. This circumstance was foretold: " Tyre did build herself a strong-hold, and heaped up silver as the dust, and fine gold as the mire of the streets. Behold the Lord will cast her out, and he will smite her power in the sea, and she shall be devoured with fire." (Zech. ix. 3, 4.) After this terrible calamity, Tyre again retrieved her losses. Only eighteen years after, she had recovered such a share of her ancient commerce and opulence, as enabled her to stand a siege |

"Numerous beautiful columns, stretched along the beach, or standing in fragments half buried in the sand that has been accumulating for ages, the broken aqueduct, and the ruins which appear in its neighbourhood, exist, as an affecting monument of the fragile and transitory nature of earthly grandeur." (Jowett's Christian Researches in the Mediterranean, Appendix, p. 422.) See also his Christian Researches in Syria, pp. 131— 141.; and for other testimonies of modern travellers relative to the actual state of Tyre, see Vol. I. pp. 124, 125. supra. On the commerce of the Tyrians with the Hebrews, see pp. 187, 188. of this volume.

UNBLOODY SACRIFICES, 119.

UNCLEAN PERSONS, who were such, 133.

UPHAZ, a country rich in gold, the situation of which is no where pointed out. Calmet supposed it to be the same with Ophir. (Dan. x. 5. Jer. x. 9.)

UPPER GARMENTS, form of, 156.

UR of the Chaldees, a city of Mesopotamia, the dwellingplace of Terah and Abraham; which the latter was ordered to quit. (Gen. xi. 28.) By faith he obeyed, and went out not knowing whither he was going. (Heb. xi. 8.) Ur was subsequently called Edessa, by the Macedonians; and by the Turks, Orfah. Mr. Buckingham has given a long and interesting description of its present state. (Travels in Mesopotamia, vol. i. pp. 121-191.)

URIM and THUMMIM, what. See p. 114.

Uz, land of (Job i. 1.), is Idumæa. Here Job dwelt. Compare p. 231.

UZZIAH, also called Azariah, a king of Judah, who succeeded his father Amaziah, when he was only sixteen years of age. The commencement of his reign was auspicious for his piety and zeal for the worship of God; but, afterwards, presuming to take upon him the sacerdotal office, he was struck with a leprosy; and he continued without Jerusalem, separated from other men, until his death, B. c. 758. (2 Kings xiv. 21, 22. xv. 1—7.)

VALLEY of Ajalon, 31. Berachah or Blessing, Ibid. Bochim, 32. Elah, Ibid. Hinnom, Ibid. Jehoshaphat, Ibid. Mamre, 31. Rephaim, Ibid. Salt. Ibid. Sharon, 32. Shaveh, 31. Siddim, Ibid.

VEGETABLES, grown in Palestine, 35-37.
VEILS of the Hebrew women, 157.

VESTMENTS of the priests, 113. Of the high-priest, 113, 114.