here to specify.-The sublimity of the style does not vary more throughout all the prophecies, than is usual in poems which are written by the same author at different times, as for example, the different Psalms of David; and the style in all is such as could by no means be expected from writers of the age of the Babylonian captivity. It is granted that style does not depend entirely upon the age, but in some measure upon the cultivated genius of the writer; yet it does not, therefore, become probable that such poems should be composed in the age of the Babylonian captivity, so that we may assert this without any historical testimony or tradition: more especially as we find nothing similar in the writings of Jeremiah or Ezekiel, who wanted neither genius nor polish.-The language itself is not the same as that observable in Jeremiah and Ezekiel it is not probable that any one could have cultivated the knowledge of the Hebrew during the captivity more thoroughly than they, nor is such a state of the language discernible in Zechariah, who is usually cited as an instance of it.-Lastly, the arrangement and method of treating the subject are the same in all these prophecies. Chap. vii. contains a prophecy interwoven with a history, which is followed, ch. viii.-xii. by prophecies without titles; so also in ch. xxxix. the prophecy is woven into the history, and prophecies without a title follow. As in the first part there are several prophecies concerning Sennacherib; so also in the second, there are several concerning the overthrow of the Chaldæan monarchy, and the return of the Hebrews from captivity. As in the vision in ch. vi. we read, that the prophet's efforts should not be accompanied by a happy result; so the prophet, ch. xlii. 16. 23. xliii. 8. xlv. 4., and especially xlix. 4. lix. 6., complains that his endeavours had been unsuccessful.

ii. "What is said in ch. lxvi. 1-6. of the temple, does not suit the latter part of the period of exile, in which Haggai and Zechariah'speak altogether differently on the same subject. Much less could any one during the captivity write, as in xlviii. 4—8., that the ruin and utter destruction of the city of Babylon had not yet been foretold, when Jeremiah 1. li. had plainly predicted it; or speak, as in lii. 4., of the Egyptians and Assyrians as the only enemies of the Hebrews, and pass over the Chaldæans.-The severe reproofs, Ivi. 9.—lix. 20. lxv. 11-16., especially those denounced against the shepherds, i. e. the kings, lvi. 11, &c.; the reproaches not only on account of idolatry, but also of the immolation of children, lvii. 1-13., and of enormous corruption of morals, lviii. 6-9. lix. 1-8., are entirely at variance with the times of the captivity. Then, we might rather expect mention to be made of the prophecies of Jeremiah, as in Dan. ix. 2. and that more should be said respecting the Magians or worshippers of Ormuzd, than that one allusion to the two principles of things, xlv. 7., which certainly were maintained by very many in an age older than that of the captivity.

iii. "Jeremiah shows that he had read these prophecies, seven years before the destruction of Jerusalem, Jer. li. 49— 64.; for the connection of the prophecy of Jeremiah contained in Jer. 1. li. with the predictions of Isaiah is evident: nor can it be said, that the author of the controverted prophecies of Isaiah, living toward the end of the captivity, had read the book of Jeremiah; for he is an original and independent author, drawing entirely from his own resources, and never imitating others; while, on the contrary, it is well known that Jeremiah had read the older prophets, and borrowed much from them, especially in his prophecies against foreign nations. Some passages have been observed in other prophets also, which have been taken from the controverted prophecies of Isaiah: as Zeph. ii. 14, &c. from Isa. xiii. 21, &c.; Ezek. xxxiv. from Isa. lvii. 10, &c.; Ezek. xxvi. 20. xxxi. 14—17. xxxii. 18-33. from Isa. xiv. 8-28.; Ezek. xxvi. 13. from Isa. xxiii. 25.; Ezek. xxxviii. xxxix. from Isa. Ixvi. 6–9. 24. That Habakkuk is indebted to Isaiah, has been long since observed: compare Hab. i. 6. with Isa.

xxiii. 13.

iv. "Cyrus, in his written proclamation (Ezra i. 2.), says, that the God of heaven had given him all kingdoms of the earth, and had charged him to build to Him a temple at Jerusalem. These words, as well as the acts of Cyrus, namely, his dismission of the Jews to their own country, his grant of a sum of money for the building of the temple, and his restitution of the valuable holy vessels, can only be explained on the supposition that he had seen the prophecies of Isaiah concerning him, as Josephus states, and was Induced, by their manifestly divine origin, to confer such

great benefits upon the Jews. Nor was Cyrus the man to suffer recent prophecies scarcely yet published to be palmed upon him for ancient; not to mention that there were many who would have been glad to discover to him the fraud, if any had existed. Neither would Cyrus the Magian, who built nothing but pyres to Ormuzd, have been so easily led to construct a magnificent temple to the God of the Jews. “It may, indeed, seem strange that the prophet should say so much concerning the return from Babylon, and yet make no express mention of the carrying away. But he certainly does say something concerning this subject, as xxxix. 4-7. vi. 11-13. v. 5–9. xi. 11–16.; and Micah, the contemporary of Isaiah, speaks clearly of this carrying away, and of the overthrow of Jerusalem; so that it would seem probable that Isaiah had said more on this subject, which has not been preserved to us. If this were the case, the prophet who sings the glad return would no more con tradict himself by predicting the carrying away, than Jeremiah does, who has predicted both events. To all this, analogy is said to be opposed, according to which, it is thought, prophets do not foretell such remote events as those concerning the Chaldæans, the Medes and Persians, Cyrus, and the return of the Hebrews, which Isaiah has predicted. But this analogy is by no means universal. Besides, in this objection it is supposed that the Chaldæans, Medes, and Persians, were in the age of Isaiah obscure nations, or entirely unknown; whereas, in fact, the Medes, almost 100 years before Isaiah and Hezekiah (826 before Christ, 149 after the division), had, under their king Arbaces, joined an alliance with Belesis the governor of Babylon, and overthrown the first Assyrian monarchy. It is true that the Median anarchy of seventy-nine years followed, but in the tenth of Hezekiah (728 before Christ, 257 after the division), they elected Dejoces king, who founded Ecbatana, and whose son Phraortes (665-643 before Christ, 310332 after the division), attacking the new kingdom of the Assyrians, was slain while besieging Nineveh; and under Cyaxares I., Zoroaster found the kingdom of the Medes again flourishing.2-Elam was a celebrated kingdom even in the most ancient times, Gen. ch. xiv., and it is always by the ancient name by, Gen. x. 22. xiv. 1. that Isaiah mentions it, and never by the modern appellation DD, which is given it, Dan vi. 28. Ezra i. 1, 2. iv. 5. 2 Chron. xxxvi. 22. s. The Elamites are mentioned as a part of the army of the Assyrians, Isa. xxii. 6., which prophecy is certainly Isaiah's, as appears from v. 8-11. compared with 2 Chron. xxxii. 2-5. Esarhaddon sent some Elamites among his other colonists to Samaria. (Ezra iv. 9. s.) At a later period Jeremiah, chap. xxv. 25. xlix. 24, &c. mentions Elam among the powerful kingdoms which should be conquered by the Chaldæans, and Ezekiel, ch. xxxii. 24. beholds Elam overthrown. It is only by a long succession of time and victories, that nations are enabled to conquer the surrounding people, and spread themselves so widely as to obtain sufficient celebrity to entitle them to an eminent place in history. It was not, therefore, in a short space of time that the Chaldæans, Medes, and Elamites or Persians, emerged from their obscurity into so great a light as to become conspicuous to the world when before they had been utterly unknown. If, then, Isaiah foretells the overthrow of the Chaldæans by the Medes and Elamites, his prophecy in that age would have been neither more nor less obscure than Zechariah's (ix. 13.) concerning the wars of the Jews against the Greeks in Syria. Isaiah might easily have used the name Cyrus, 17 (or Koresh), xliv. 28. xlv. 1., since it means nothing more than king; for in the language of the Parsees KHOR means the sun, and SCHID splendour, whence is compounded KORSCHID, the splendour of the sun, and with the addition of the word PAE or PAI, habitation, KORSCHIDPAI, the habitation of the splendour of the sun, which was a customary appellation of the kings of Persia. This appellation corrupted into (Koresh), might become known to the Hebrews by means of merchants travelling between Judæa and Persia; and Isaiah, who did not hesitate to call Cyrus the anointed, no, may have called him by the appellative of the kings of in announcing future events. 1 Prophets are not, like historians, confined to the order of chronology This is plain from their writings, which always give perspective views. Zechariah predicted a kingdom for the high-priest, without noticing the destruction of the Persian monarchy and the division of the Greck power. Isaiah foretold the return of the Israel. ites from the Assyrian captivity, without saying any thing of the intervening revolutions by the Chaldeans, Medes, and Persians. In prophecy the more remote events are often introduced, while the intermediate are unnoticed. 2 Comp. Prideaux, Conn. Part I. Book L

991

2. EXAMINATION and RefutatioN OF OBJECTIONS AGAINST PARTICULAR PREDICTIONS OF ISAIAH.

These may be referred to three heads; viz. i. Prophecies against the Egyptians, Elamites, Idumæans, &c.;-ii. The prophecies against Tyre;-and, iii. The prophecy concerning the subversion of the Chaldæo-Babylonian empire, and the return of the Hebrews from captivity.

&c.

i. Prophecies against the Egyptians, Elamites, Idumæans, (1.) "Some have said that the passage in Isa. ii. 2—4. is inserted by mistake by the person whom they suppose to have collected the several prophecies into this one book, about the end of the Babylonish captivity; but others have already remarked that this passage may have been taken by Isaiah from Micah iv. 1-3., or by Micah from Isaiah, or by both from some more ancient prophecy.

(2.) "Chapters xi. and xii. have been supposed not to belong to Isaiah, because in ch. xi. 11-16. the very distant event of the return of the Israelites from Assyria and Egypt and other regions is predicted. But this return was predicted also by Micah, the contemporary of Isaiah, by Hosea, and by Amos.

7. ss., and by Ezekiel xxv. 12. ss., and after a long time was first effected by Nebuchadnezzar, which is thought to be too distant from the time of the prophet. But it has not been disproved that Isaiah is speaking, ch. xxxiv., of another calamity, to be inflicted on Idumæa by the Assyrians, of which Amos, ch. i. 11-15., had spoken before him.

of

(9.) "The xxxvth chapter of Isaiah is entirely destitute any thing which could give countenance to the supposition of a more recent origin, and ver. 8. compared with 2 Kings xvii. 25. proves it to belong to the age of Hezekiah."2 ii. The Prophecy against Tyre. Isa. xxiii.

"The prophecy concerning the destruction of Tyre by the Chaldeans, Isa. xxiii., points out its own age in ver. 13., where the Chaldæans are said to be a recent nation, to whom a district of country lying on the Euphrates had been assigned by the Assyrians, who must, consequently, have been at that time the prevailing power. For as Habakkuk also, who lived under Manasseh, asserts (i. 6.) that the Chaldæans were a late people, who were endeavouring to possess themselves of the territories of others, it is plain that the time of the delivery of the prophecy in Isa. xxiii. could not have been far distant from that of Habakkuk. It is, indeed, uncertain whether Isaiah lived till the reign of Manasseh; but as the Chaldæans made frequent irruptions out of their own settlements in the eastern and northern parts of Armenia into the more southern territories, during a long period of time, without doubt these incursions had begun as early as the latter years of the reign of Hezekiah, since the kingdom of Assyria was at that time so much weakened by the assassination of Sennacherib and the intestine tumults which followed that event, as to afford a sufficient inducement for such expeditions.-Without sufficient reason also is it asserted that the 70 years mentioned Isa. xxiii. 10. are a prophetic number taken from Jeremiah xxv. 11, 12. xxix. 10., and that therefore the whole prophecy must be later than the time of Jeremiah. If either of the prophets borrowed this number from the other, it is certainly more reasonable to conclude that Jeremiah, who, we know, has borrowed from prophets Isaiah, than that the author of this prophecy, who every where else appears to rely solely upon his own resources, was indebted for it to Jeremiah. What confirms this conclusion is, that particular specifications of time are altogether in character with Isaiah's manner. The distance of the event predicted is no objection; for Amos had before the time of Isaiah, denounced the destruction of Tyre. The Chaldaisms, Isa. xxiii. 11. yo es, will disappear, if we

17. viii. 4.

(4.) "No other reason is brought to prove that the passage ch. xix. 18-25. is not Isaiah's, than this, that in the same chapter, ver. 1-15., a prophecy of the calamity of Egypt had preceded, whereas ver. 18-25. predict prosperity. But this is nothing more than is common with the prophets to promise better fortune after predicting calamity. As the Egyptians are called, ver. 25., the people of JEHOVAH, and the Assyrians, the work of the hands of JEHOVAH, the prophecy must necessarily have been the production of a Hebrew, and it is much more probable that Isaiah should have written it, than any more modern author.

(5.) "Isa. xxii. 1-14. is rejected as spurious, because the Elamites are mentioned, ver. 6.; but from a comparison of ver. 8-11. with 2 Chron. xxxii. 2-5. and Isa. vii., it appears that the subject is the irruption of Sennacherib: the mention of the Elamites, therefore, must be at least as old as the time of Isaiah: why, then, seek for any other author than Isaiah, who is mentioned in the title of the prophecy?

(6.) They who contend that it is not natural that Isaiah should have uttered so many prophecies concerning the irruption of Sennacherib alone, do not consider that this event was one of great importance, and contributed very much to confirm the Hebrews in their religion, so that it well deserved a multitude of prophetic notices. The style and construction, too, confirm the opinion that they are productions of Isaiah, since they do not differ more from each other in this respect, than do the various Conferences of Hariri, or the different Psalms of David.

(7.) "The prophecy, Isa. xxiv.-xxvii., is referred to a more recent date, on account of the frequent occurrence of paronomasia. Now we know that these are considered singular beauties in the Oriental style, and that Micah, the contemporary of Isaiah, makes frequent use of them, so that they are no proof of a recent date. Besides, Isaiah himself elsewhere frequently uses paronomasia. See Isa. i. 7. 23. iii. 1. 5. vii. 7, 8. 22. s. xxix. 16.; compare Hos. i. 4. s. v. 1. and Mic. i. 14. s. iii. 12. iv. 10.

(8.) "The xxxivth chapter of Isaiah, in which the devastation of Idumæa is predicted, is thought to be of later origin,

1 Prof. Turner's and Mr. Whittingham's translation of Jahn's Introduction, pp. 346-350.

TIT

point the words, to destroy her weakened or expelled ones."3

iii. Prophecies concerning the Subversion of the Chaldæo Babylonian Empire, and the return of the Hebrews from Captivity. (Isa. xiii. 1—14. 23. xxi. and xl.—lxvi.)

These predictions, it has been affirmed, must have been written in the time of the Babylonish captivity, for the following reasons; viz.

(1.) The difference of style: for in the last twenty-seven chapters, the better part of the people is distinguished as the servant or worshipper of JEHOVAH, xli. 8, 9. xlii. 1, &c. xliv. 1. xlviii. 12. 20. xlix. 7. lii. 13., which is not the case in the former part of the book.-Idolatry is exposed to derision and contempt, xl. 19, 20. xliv. 9—17. xlvi. 5-7., an exhibition not to be found in those passages of the former part; e. g. ii. 19., wherein idolatry is reprehended. The accomplishment of former prophecies is frequently noticed, xli. 21—24. 26—29. xliv. 6. s. xlv. 21. xlviii. 5., which argues a modern author, and is not to be found in the first part.-Lastly, words and phrases of frequent occurrence in the first part are not discoverable in the second."

To this objection Professor Jahn replies, that "the language, style, and composition are certainly not such as must necessarily be referred to the time of the captivity, and could not have been produced by Isaiah. On the contrary, the purity of the language, the sublimity of the style, and the elegance of the composition, are such as could not be expected from the leaden age of Hebrew literature; but show their origin to have been in the silver age. The difference of style in the two parts is not greater than the difference of Micah i.-v. from vi. vii., and is less than that which may be observed in Hosea i. iii. compared with ii. iv.—xiv., or

2 Jahn's Introduction by Prof. Turner and Mr. Whittingham, pp. 352, 353. a Ibid. p. 354.

designates the Hebrew language, which at that time flourished only in the kingdom of Judah."

III. The SCOPE of Isaiah's predictions is three-fold; viz. 1. To detect, reprove, and condemn the sins of the Jewish people especially, and also the iniquities of the ten tribes of Israel, and the abominations of many Gentile nations and countries; denouncing the severest judgments against all sorts and degrees of persons, whether Jews or Gentiles.

2. To invite persons of every rank and condition, both Jews and Gentiles, to repentance and reformation, by numerous promises of pardon and mercy. It is worthy of remark that no such promises are intermingled with the denunciations of divine vengeance against Babylon, although they occur in the threatenings against every other people.

3. To comfort all the truly pious (in the midst of all the calamities and judgments denounced against the wicked) with prophetic promises of the true Messiah.2 These predictions seem almost to anticipate the Gospel history, so clearly do they foreshow the divine character of Christ (ch. vii. 14. compared with Matt. i. 18-23. and Luke i. 27-35.; vi. ix. 6. xxxv. 4. xl. 5. 9, 10. xlii. 6-8. lxi. 1. compared with Luke iv. 18. lxii. 11. lxiii. 1-4.); his miracles (ch. XXXV. 5, 6.); his peculiar qualities and virtues (ch. ix. 2, 3. xl. 11. xliii, 1—3.); his rejection (ch. vi. 9-12. viii. 14, 15. liii. 3.); and sufferings for our sins (ch. 1. 6. liii. 4—11.;)3 his death, burial (ch. liii. 8, 9.), and victory over death (ch. xxv. 8. liii. 10—12.); and, lastly, his final glory (ch. xlix. 7. 22, 23. lii. 13-15. liii. 4, 5.), and the establishment, increase (ch. ii. 2—4. ix. 7. xlii. 4. xlvi. 13.), and perfection (ch. ix. 2. 7. xi. 4—10. xvi. 5. xxix. 18-24. xxxii. 1. xl. 4, 5. xlix. 9-13. li. 3—6. lii. 6—10. lv. 1-3. lix. 16-21. lx. lxi. 1-5. lxv. 25.) of his kingdom; each specifically pointed out, and portrayed with the most striking and discriminating characters. It is impossible, indeed, to reflect on these, and on the whole chain of his illustrious prophecies, and not to be sensible that they furnish the most incontestable evidence in support of Christianity."4

IV. The predictions of Isaiah are contained in sixty-six chapters; of which the five first are generally supposed to have been delivered in the reign of Uzziah: the sixth in the reign of Jotham; the seventh to the fifteenth in the reign of Ahaz; and the remainder in that of Hezekiah. Various modes of classifying them have been proposed, in order to present them in the most useful and lucid arrangement; some commentators and critics dividing them into three parts:1. Evangelico-Legal, which contain denunciations of the divine vengeance, intermixed with evangelical promises;— 2. Historical, comprising the narrative part;-and, 3. Evangelical, comprising prophecies and promises relative to the deliverance of the Jews from captivity, and the yet greater deliverance of mankind from the bondage of sin, by the Messiah. By other writers, the book of the prophet Isaiah is divided into,-1. Reprehensory, including sharp reproofs and threatenings of the Jews for their sins, in which are mingled promises to the penitent;-2. Minatory, containing threatenings against the enemies of the Jewish church, and also against the Jews themselves;-3. Narrative or Historical-and, 4. Consolatory and evangelical promises concerning Messiah and the church. Other classifications have been proposed, which it is not necessary to specify; but, without adopting any of them, we apprehend that the following synopsis will be found to exhibit a clear view of the various topics discussed by the royal prophet. The predictions of Isaiah, then, may be divided into six parts, each containing a number of discourses, delivered by the prophet to the various nations or people whom he was commissioned to address."

Jahn's Introduction, p. 359. Bishop Lowth considers the narrativechapters in Isaiah as a different copy of the relation in the second book of Kings, the account of Hezekiah's sickness only excepted. The difference of the two copies, he is of opinion, is little more than what has manifestly arisen from the mistakes of transcribers: they mutually correct each other; and most of the mistakes may be perfectly rectified by a collation of the two copies with the assistance of the ancient versions. Some few sentences, or members of sentences, are omitted in this copy of Isaiah, which are found in the other copy of the book of Kings; but he doubts whether these omissions were inade by design or by mistake. Isaiah, vol. ii. p. 237.

The scope of Isaiah's prophecies above given is abridged from Roberts's Clavis Bibliorum, p. 616. 3 The Ethiopian eunuch appears to have been made a proselyte by Saint Philip's explication of this chapter. Vide Acts viii. 32. The whole of it is so minutely descriptive of Christ's passion, that a famous Rabbi, likewise, on reading it, was converted from Judaisin.-Who, indeed, can resist its evidence ? 4 Gray's Key, pp. 369, 370.

These general divisions of the prophecy are according to the scheme proposed by Vitringa (Comment. in Esaiain, tom. i. p. 24.) and Bishop

PART I. contains a general Description of the Estate and Condition of the Jews, in the several Periods of their History; the Promulgation and Success of the Gospel and the Coming of Messiah to Judgment. (ch. i.—v.)-The Predictions in this Section were delivered during the Reign of Uzziah King of Judah.

DISCOURSE 1. (ch. i. throughout.) The prophecy contained in this first chapter stands single and unconnected, constituting an entire piece of itself. If, as we suppose to have been the case, it was delivered in the reign of Uzziah, the desolation which it describes may refer to the calamities which were occasioned before that time by Jehoash king of Israel (compare 2 Kings xiv. 12-14.); or, the prophet may describe scenes yet future, as already passing before his eyes, to denote their certainty. As, however, the portrait, which it presents of the desolate and distressed state of the land of Judah, agrees much better with the wicked and afflicted reign of the apostate Ahaz, than with the flourishing circumstances in the reigns of Uzziah and Jotham (who were both, in the main, good princes): on this account the learned Dr. John Taylor thinks it probable that the prediction in this chapter was uttered in the reign of Ahaz, and intends the invasion of Judah by Resin and Pekah, kings of Syria and Israel. But whichever of these conjectures may be preferred, the chapter contains a severe remonstrance against the inclinations to idolatry, want of inward piety, and other corruptions, prevailing among the Jews of that time, intermixed with powerful exhortations to repentance, grievous threatenings to the impenitent, and gracious promises of better times, when the nation shall have been reformed by the just judgments of God. The whole of this discourse affords a beautiful example of the prophet's elegant and impressive manner of writing.

DISCOURSE 2. (ch. ii. iii. iv.) contains the following particulars :—

1. The kingdom of Messiah, the conversion of the Gentiles, and their admission into it. (ii. 1-5.) 2. A prediction of the punishment of the unbelieving Jews, for their idolatrous practices, for their confidence in their own strength, and distrust of God's protection; and likewise the destruction of idolatry, in consequence of the establishment of Messiah's kingdom. (ii. 6-20.) 3. A prophecy of calamities of the Babylonian invasion (perhaps also of the invasion by the Romans), with a particular amplification of the distress of the proud and luxurious daughters of Sion. (iii. 1-26,8 jv. 1.) 4. A promise to the remnant that should escape this severe purgation, of a restoration to the favour and protection of God. (iv. 2—6.) This prophetic sermon was probably delivered in the time of Jotham, or perhaps in the reign of Uzziah.

DISCOURSE 3. ch. v. This chapter likewise stands single and alone, unconnected with the preceding or following: its subject is nearly the same with that of ch. i., but it exceeds that chapter in force, in severity, in variety, and elegance. It is a general reproof of the Jews for their wickedness, which is represented in the parable of the vineyard (verses 1-5.); and it adds a more express declaration of vengeance by the Babylonian invasion. (verses 6―30.)

PART II. comprises the Predictions delivered in the Reigns of Jotham and Ahaz. (ch. vi.—xii.)

DISCOURSE 1. The vision and prophecy of Isaiah in the reign of Jotham. (ch. vi.)9 As this vision seems to contain a solemn designation of Isaiah to the prophetical office, it is supposed by many interpreters to be the first in order of his prophecies Bishop Lowth, however, conjectures that this may not be the case, because Isaiah is said, in the general title of his predictions, to have prophesied in the time of Uzziah; and is of opinion, that it is a new designation, to introduce, with the greater solemnity, a general declaration of the whole course Tomline. (Elements of Christ. Theol. vol. i. p. 107.) In the analysis of the various discourses, or prophetic sermons comprised under each sec tion, we have principally followed Bishop Lowth, in his admirable transla tion of, and notes upon, the prophet Isaiah.

Commentators are divided in opinion, whether the title in verse 1. (the vision of Isaiah) belongs to the whole book, or only to the prophecy con tained in this chapter. The former part of the title seems properly to be. long to this particular prophecy; the latter part, which enumerates the kings of Judah, under whom Isaiah exercised his prophetic office, seems to extend it to the entire collection of prophecies delivered in the course of his ministry. Vitringa (with whom Bishop Lowth agrees) has solved this doubt very judiciously. He supposes that the former part of the title was originally prefixed to this single prophecy; and that, when the collection of all Isaiah's prophecies was made, the enumeration of the kings of Judah was added, to make it at the same time a proper title to the whole book. As such it is plainly taken in 2 Chron. xxxii. 32, where the book of Isaiah is cited by the title of "The Vision of Isaiah the Prophet, the Son of Amos." Vitringa, tom. i. pp. 25-29. Bishop Lowth's Isaiah, vol. ii. p. 4. 1 Scheme of Scripture Divinity, chap. xxxiv. in vol. i. of Bishop Watson's Collection of Tracts, pp. 143, 144.

8 See a striking medallic illustration of Isa. iii. 26. in Vol. I. p. 91.

9 For a particular elucidation of this sublime vision, see Bp. Lowth's Isaiah, vol. ii. pp. 72-77. and Dr. Hales's Analysis of Chronology, vol. ii. book i. p.436. et seq.