NETHERLANDS.

Constitutional and Hereditary Monarchy, Legislature in the
Sovereign and States-General, which consists of two Chambers, (1)
The Upper, of 50 members. (2) The Lower, of 100 Deputies elected
by universal suffrage. Population-5,103,431. Religion-Reformed
Church and Roman Catholic.

WILHELMINA.

Born Aug. 31, 1880; succeeded Nov. 23, 1890; formally assumed Government, September 6, 1898; m. Feb. 7, 1901, Duke Heinrich of MecklenburghSchwerin.

QUEEN WILHELMINA.

MUZAFFER-ED-DIN, Born 1853, succeeded 1896,

Minister in England Mirza Mohammad Ali Khan.

PERSIA.

Absolute Monarchy. The Executive is deputed to a ministry, who
are nominated by Governors directly responsible to the Shah. For
administrative purposes the country is divided into Provinces under
Lieut-Governors. Population (est.)-9,000,000.
medan.

Religion-Moham

CHARLES I.

Born September 28, 1863; succeeded October 19, 1889; married, May 22, 1886, Princess Amélie, daughter of the Comte de Paris.

Minister in EnglandL. de Soveral, G.C.M.G.

NICOLAS II.

Born May 18, 1868; succeeded Nov.1,1894; married, November 26, 1894, Princess Alix of Hesse (Alexandra Feodorovna); issue, Olga, born November 15, 1895, Tatiana, June 10, 1897, Marie, June 26, 1899, Anastasia, June 18, 1901. Ambassador in England G. de Staal,

THE PRINCE CONSORT.

MUZAFFER-ED-DIN.

PORTUGAL.

Legislature in the

Constitutional and Hereditary Monarchy.
Cortes Geraes, consisting of (1) The Chamber of Peers. (2) The
Chamber of Deputies. Population-5,049,729. Religion-Roman
Catholic.

British Minister-Sir Henry Howard, K.C.M.G.

The mother of the Heir Apparent must be a Princess, and he must be the sor of the Sovereign.

Flag-White, red and green margin, lion yellow.

British Minister-Sir Arthur H. Hardinge, K.C.M.G., C.B.

RUSSIA.

Absolute and Hereditary Empire. Executive, Legislative and
Judicial power vested in the Czar, who must be a member of the Greek
Church. Population (est.)-129,211,113. Religion-Orthodox Greek
Church.

Flag-Red, arms yellow. HOUSE OF BRAGANZA SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA.

Heir Apparent - Luis Filippe, Prince Royal, born March 21, 1887.

British Minister-Sir Hugh G. MacDonell, G.C.M.G., C.B.

SAXONY.

Constitutional and Hereditary Monarchy. Confederated with Germany, 1870. Legislature in the Sovereign and Parliament of two Houses. Population-3,787,688. Religion-Protestant.

SWEDEN AND NORWAY.

Constitutional and Hereditary Monarchy. Legislature in the Sovereign and the Diet of two Chambers. Population-Sweden, 5,097,402; Norway, 2,193,000. Religion-Lutheran.

SWITZERLAND.

ABDUL-HAMID.

Born September 21, 1842; succeeded August 31, 1876.

Ambassador in England-Anthopoulos Pasha.

Brazil

Chile

Colombia

Ecuador

Egypt..

Guat mala
Haiti
Honduras
Mexico
Montenegro

Morocco

Nicaragua
Paraguay
Peru

Ambassador in England-J. H. Choate.

Abyssinia
Afghanistan
Argentine Republic...
Bolivia...

TURKEY.

Empire. Supreme Legislative and Executive power exercised by
the Sultan through the Grand Vizier.
Religion-Mohammedan.

Population-39,268,361.

Rumania

Salvador

Servia

Siam
Uruguay
Venezuela

A Federal Republic. Ex

ecutive in a President elected for

four years.
Legisla-
ture in a Congress of
two Houses. Popula-
tion--(1901)76,303,387.
Religion-Protestant.

...

ABDUL-HAMID.

...

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

RULERS OF OTHER COUNTRIES.

With Title, Year of Accession, and English Resident Representative.

Lieut.-Col. John Harrington.

Hon. Sir W. A. C. Barrington, K.C.M.G.
Sir Henry N. Dering, K.C.M.G.,C.B.
G. A. Lowther.

George E. Welby.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT.

Ex-Officio.

Born October 27, 1858; succeeded William McKinley, on Sept. 14, 1901,

who was assassinated Flag - Red and
white stripes,
blue
corner,
white stars

on Sept. 6, and died
on Sept. 14, 1901.
The Executive power
is vested in the Presi-
dent, who is elected
every four years, and
is eligible for re-elec-
tion.

...

Flag-Red, with white crescent.

HOUSE OF OSMAN.

Heir Pres.-The Sultan's brother, Mehemmed Reshad Effendi, born November 3, 1844.

President General Regalado, 1899...
'King Alexander I., 1889
King Chulalonkorn I., 1868
President Cuestas, 1899
President Castro, 1899,

British Ambassador-Right Hon. Sir Nicholas R. O'Conor, G.C.B., G.C.M.G.

British Ambassador-Right Hon. Lord Pauncefote, G.C.B. G.C.M.G.

William N. Beauclerk.
Earl Cromer, G.C.B., &c.
George F. B. Jenner.
A. Cohen.

G. Jenner (Guatemala).
George Greville, C.M.G.
Robert J. Kennedy, C.M.G.

Sir Arthur Nicolson, Bart., K.C.B.,

K.C.I.E.

G. Jenner (Guatemala).

Hon. Sir W. A. C. Barrington, K.C.M.G.
W. N. Beaucle: k.

Sir John G. Kennedy, K.C.M.G,

G. Jenner (Guatemala).

Sir George Bonham, Bart.

Walter Baring.
William H. D. Haggard,

PSEUDONYMS OF WELL-KNOWN WRITERS, &c.