REIGNING SOVEREIGNS

OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

With Portraits, National Arms, Flag, name of Heir presumptive, British Minister resident at each Court, and Ambassador resident in England.

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

Empire. Founded, December 21, 1867. Empire of Austria, Kingdom of Hungary, united under one hereditary Sovereign. Common Army, Navy, and Diplomacy, controlled by the Delegations, of 120 members, half representing the legislature of Austria, half that of Hungary. Population (1901)-47,000,000. Religion-Roman Catholic.

FRANCIS JOSEPH I.

Born August 18, 1830; succeeded December 2,1848; inarried, April 24, 1854, to Elizabeth (assassinated September 10, 1898), daughter of Maximilian Joseph, Duke of Bavaria.

Ambassador in England -Count Franz de Paula Deym.

FRANCIS JOSEPH I.

Empress Elizabeth

was assassinated
at Geneva,
Sept. 10, 1898.

A

Flag-Yellow, black, red and white margin.

HOUSE OF HABSBOURG-LORRAINE.

Heir Pres.-Archduke Franz Ferdinand d'Este, born December 18, 1863.

British AmbassadorThe Right Hon. Sir Francis R. Plunkett, G.C.M.G.

BAVARIA.

Kingdom. Confederated with Germany, 1870. Legislature vested
in the Crown and a Parliament of two Chambers; (1) The Upper
Chamber of Princes and others nominated by the Crown. (2) The Lower
Chamber of 159 Deputies. Population-5,594,982. Religion-Roman
Catholic.

Flag-Blue and white.

HOUSE OF WITTELSBACH. Regent Prince Leopold, appointed June 14, 1886.

British J'inisterV. A. W. Drummond, C. B.

OTTO I.

LEOPOLD (REGENT).

BELGIUM.

Constitutional and Hereditary Monarchy. Legislature in the
King and two Chambers. (1) The Senate. (2) The Chamber of
Representatives elected by universal suffrage and plural voting.
Population (1899)-6,669,732. Religion-Roman Catholi

LEOPOLD II.

Born April 9, 1835; succeeded December 10, 1865; married, August 22, 1853, Marie Henriette, daughter of late Archduke Joseph, of Austria.

Minister in EnglandDaron Whettnall.

BULGARIA.

Constitutional and Hereditary Monarchy, under the Suzerainty of Turkey. Legislature in the Assembly of the People, one Deputy to each 20,000 inhabitants. Population (1895)-3,376,467. Religion-Orthodox Greek Church.

Republic. Legislature in (1) Chamber of Deputies elected by universal suffrage. 2 The Senate. Population (1901-38,641,333. Religion-Roman Catholic.

GERMANY.

Empire. Composed of an aggregation of 26 States, represented by 58 members in the Bundesrath or Federal Council, and 397 in the Reichstag or Chamber of Deputies. Population-52,246,589. Religionpartly Protestant and partly Roman Catholic.

Constitutional and Hereditary Monarchy.-Legislature in a single Chamber known as The Boulé, elected for four years by manhood suffrage. Population-2,433,806. Religion-Greek Church.

Constitutional and Hereditary Monarchy. Founded March 17, 1861. Legislature in the Sovereign and two Chambers, (1) The Senate. (2) The Chamber of Deputies. Population (1901)32,449,754. Religion-Roman Catholic.

Flag-Green, white and red.

British Ambassador

Right Hon. Lord Currie,
G.C.B

VICTOR EMANUEL. III.

THE QUEEN.

JAPAN.

Empire. Legislature in an Assembly of two Houses, both nominated by the Mikado or Emperor, (1) of Peers, (2) of Commons. Population-43,760,815. Religion-Buddhism.

MUTSU HITO.

Born November 3, 1852; succeeded February 13, 1867; married Haruko, February 9, 1869.

Minister in England Baron Hayashi.

Flag-Red, yellow

centre.

Heir Prince Yoshi Hito, born August 31, 1879; installed Crown Prince, November 3, 1889.

British Minister-Sir Claude M. Macdonald, K.C B., G.C.M.G.

MUTSU HITO.

Constitutional and Hereditary Monarchy. Legislature in the Sovereign and States-General, which consists of two Chambers, (1) The Upper, of 50 members. (2) The Lower, of 100 Deputies elected by universal suffrage. Population-5,103,431. Religion-Reformed Church and Roman Catholic.

Absolute Monarchy. The Executive is deputed to a ministry, who are nominated by Governors directly responsible to the Shah. For administrative purposes the country is divided into Provinces under Lieut-Governors. Pobulation (est.)-9,000,000. Religion-Moham

Constitutional and Hereditary Monarchy.

Legislature in the Cortes Geraes, consisting of (1) The Chamber of Peers. (2) The Chamber of Deputies. Population-5,049,729. Religion-Roman Catholic.

Absolute and Hereditary Empire. Executive, Legislative and Judicial power vested in the Czar, who must be a member of the Greek Church. Population (est.)-129,211,113. Religion-Orthodox Greek Church.

THE CZARINA,

SAXONY.

Constitutional and Hereditary Monarchy. Confederated with Germany, 1870. Legislature in the Sovereign and Parliament of two Houses. Population-3,787,688. Religion-Protestant.

Constitutional and Hereditary Monarchy. Legislature in the Sovereign and the Diet of two Chambers. Population-Sweden, 5,097,402; Norway, 2,193,000. Religion-Lutheran.

SWITZERLAND.