VICTORIA CROSSES WON IN

on Crow's Nest Hill, Johannesburg, he repeatedly rushed forward under a withering fire at short range to dress wounds and remove wounded to the shelter of boulders.

MANSEL-JONES, Capt. C., West York R. On 27th February, 1900, at Terrace Hill, north of the Tugela, he rallied his men at a critical moment and so averted a serious check to the whole assault. He was very seriously wounded.

MARTINEAU, Sergt. H. R., Protectorate Regt. At unsuccessful attack on Game Tree Fort, near Mafeking, on 26th December, 1899, he was three times wounded while rescuing a corporal who was struck down within ten yards of the Boer trenches. Had one arm amputated.

MASTERSON, Maj. J. E. I., Devon Regt. On 6th January, 1900, at Wagon Hill, gallantly charged and seized a ridge, and then carried a message across a hundred yards of open space, swept by a heavy cross fire. Though badly wounded in both thighs, he just managed to crawl in with his message before falling exhausted.

MAXWELL, Lt. F. A., D.S.O., Ind. Staff Corps. On 31st March, 1900, at Korn Spruit, went out on five occasions and helped to save two guns and three limbers.

MEIKLEJOHN, Capt., M.F.M., Gord. Highrs. On 21st October, 1899, at Elandslaagte, he rallied the Gordons at a critical moment. He was desperately wounded in four places.

MILBANKE, Capt. Sir J. P., Bart., roth Hussars. On 5th January, 1900, near Colesberg, though severely wounded in the thigh, he rode back and rescued a man.

MULLINS. Maj. C. H., C.M.G., Impl. Lt. Horse. (See Captain R. Johnstone.)

NICKERSON, Capt. W. H. S., M.B., R.A. Med. Corps. On 20th April, 1900, at Wakkerstroom, dressed a man's wounds under heavy rifle and shell fire, and had him removed to shelter.

NORWOOD, Lt. J., 5th Dragoon Guards. On 30th October, 1899, near Ladysmith, he galloped back three hundred yards through a heavy fire and rescued a wounded trooper.

NURSE, Corpl. G. E., Royal Field Artillery. Assisted Captain Congreve (whom see) at Colenso.

PARKER, Sergeant C., R. Horse Art. Was elected by the non-commissioned officers of Q Battery, R. Horse Art., for conspicuous gallantry at Korn Spruit (Sanna's Post). (See case of Maj. Phipps-Hornby.)

PARSONS, Lt. F. N., Essex Regt. On 18th February, 1900, at Paardeberg, dressed a Private's wounds (under heavy fire), brought him water and carried him to cover. Was killed on 10th March, 1900, at Driefontein, whilst again displaying conspicuous gallantry.

PHIPPS-HORNBY, Lt.-Col. E. J., R. Art. On 31st March, 1900, at Korn Spruit (Sanna's Post), a battery of R. Horse Art. was ambushed, losing five guns. He and Capt. G. Humphreys succeeded in saving, by desperate efforts, under a terrific fire, four guns of the other battery, running both guns and limbers back by hand. The whole of Q Battery was recommended as having shown equal gallantry, but as only one V.C. could be given to the officers, Maj. Phipps-Hornby was chosen by Lord Roberts as being the senior. PITTS, Private J., Manch. Regt. Private R. Scott.)

(See

RAMSDEN, Lt. H. E., C.-in.-C.'s Bodyguard. On 26th December, 1899, at the attack on Game Tree Fort, he rescued, under a heavy

fire, his brother, who was shot through both legs within ten yards of the Boer trenches.

RAVENHILL, Private C., R. Scots Fusiliers. On 15th December, 1899, he went several times from cover and assisted in attempts to rescue some guns under heavy rifle fire at close range.

REED, Capt. H. L., R. Field Art. Tried to help to rescue the guns at Colenso on the 15th December, 1899, but thirteen out of twenty-one horses were killed before he got half way to the guns, owing to the close rifle fire. He was wounded. (See Capt. Congreve.)

RICHARDSON, Sergt. A. H. L., Lord Strathcona's Corps. On 5th July, 1900, at Wolve Spruit, north of Standerton, he rode back under a very heavy cross-fire and rescued a wounded trooper who was within three hundred yards of the enemy.

ROBERTS, Lt. Hon. F. H. Rifle Corps (since died of wounds). Congreve (whom see) at Colenso. in three places.

S., King's Rl. Assisted Capt. Was wounded

ROBERTSON, Sergt.-Maj. (now QuarterMaster and Honorary Lieut.) W., Gord. Highrs. On 21st October, 1899, at Elandslaagte, he led several successive rushes, and seized and held the Boer camp under a heavy cross fire. He was dangerously wounded in two places.

SCHOFIELD, Capt. H. N., R. Art. On 15th December, 1899, at Colenso, assisted in first attempt to save the guns. (See Capt. Congreve.)

SCOTT, Private R., Manch. Regt. On 6th January, 1900, at Cæsar's Camp, he and Private J. Pitts held a sangar alone for 15 hours without food or water under an extremely heavy fire from front and left rear. He was wounded.

On

SHAUL, Corpl. J., Highland Lt. Inf. 11th December, 1899, at Magersfontein, whilst in charge of stretcher-bearers, he dressed men's wounds under heavy fire as coolly as if there had been no enemy near.

TOWSE, Capt. E. B., B. hp. late Gord. Highrs. At Magersfontein, 11th December, 1899, he endeavoured to rescue a wounded officer under severe fire, and on 30th April, 1900, at Mount Thaba, he with twelve men charged and defeated one hundred and fifty Boers. He had both eyes shattered.

TRAYNOR, Sergt. W. B., W. York Regt. On 6th February, 1901, at Bothwell Camp, rescued a wounded man under heavy fire. Was severely wounded.

TURNER, Maj. R. E. W., D.S.O., Canadian Militia. On 7th November, 1900, at Komati River, although previously twice wounded, dismounted, and by deploying his men at close quarters, saved the guns.

WARD, Private C., Yorkshire Lt. Inf. On 26th June, 1900, at Lindley, a picquet was surrounded on three sides by five hundred Boers at close quarters. When only six men were left unwounded, he volunteered to take a message to a post one hundred and fifty yards to the rear. He got across untouched through a storm of shots from each flank, but in returning was severely wounded. His gallant action saved the post.

WYLLY, 2nd Lt. G. G. E., S. Lanc. Regt. On 1st September, 1900, near Warm Bad, when ambushed, he mounted a wounded man on his horse (though himself wounded) and remained behind to cover the retreat.

YOUNGER, Capt. D. R., Gord. Highrs. Was killed in assisting Capt. Gordon (whom see) at Leehoehoek. He would have been recommended for the V.C. had he survived.

1900.

Oct. 15.-General Buller gives up command of the Natal Field Force.

Oct. 19.-Kruger leaves Lorenzo Marques for
Europe, lands at Marseilles Nov. 22.
Oct. 29.-Prince Christian Victor died in Pretoria.
Nov. 5.-The Boers surprised at Bothaville by
Col. Le Gallais, who is killed.
Nov. 18.-Lord Roberts's horse falls under him,
but fortunately with only slight hurt.
Nov. 23.-British Garrison at Dewetsdorp sur-
renders.

Nov. 27.-Plot discovered against Lord Roberts,
Dec. 3. Lord Roberts leaves Africa: Lord
Kitchener assumes chief command.

Dec. 13.-Battle near Pretoria between Delarey and Clements: British retreat, losing 18 officers and about 500 men.

Dec. 16.-De Wet breaks through the British in the Thaba Nchu district.

Dec. 20.-Terms of peace offered by Lord Kitch

ener.

Dec. 29.-Helvetia captured by the Boers: I gun and 200 men taken.

1901.

Jan. 1.-Volunteers called out to protect frontier of Cape Colony, which is invaded by Boers. Jan. 4.-Sir Alfred Milner appointed Governor

of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony. Jan. 4.-Lord Kitchener calls for 5,000 men to protect the Rand mines.

Feb, 23,-Col. Plumer attacks De Wet on the
Orange River and disperses his forces.
Feb. 28. Negotiations opened between Lord
Kitchener and General Botha for peace.

Mar. 8.-De Wet evades the British and escapes north with 400 men.

Mar. 16.-Negotiations for peace broken off. Mar. 22,-Severe fighting at Hartebeestfontein. Apr. 8.-Col. Plumer occupies Pietersburg and takes 1 gun and 60 prisoners: Boers destroy 25,000 rounds of ammunition. Apr. 10.-Civil administration proclaimed by Sir Alfred Milner.

1901.

May 8.-Generals Botha and Viljoen occupy Carolina.

May 28.-De La Rey attacks a battalion of Imp. Yeomanry at Vlakfontein, the British losing 6 officers and 51 men killed, and 115 men wounded.

June 2.-Jamestown surrenders to the Boers. June 3.-The Boers attack Willowmore in Cape Colony, but are driven off after 9 hours' fighting.

June 6.-De Wet's convoy captured. June 8.-Mrs. Louis Botha arrives in London on her way to interview Mr. Kruger. June 12.-Boers surprise a party of Victorian Mounted Rifles near Middelburg; only 2 officers and men escape, whilst two guns were captured,

June 17.-Plague reported at Maitland, Port Elizabeth, and Simonstown,

July 11.-General Broadwood surprises the town of Reitz, and captures several Orange Free State officials; President Steyn narrowly escapes.

July 17.-Captain Charles Botha and other Boer officers killed.

July 26.-Commander Viljoen attempts to cross the pass near Dullstsoom, but is prevented; 16 waggons captured.

July 28.-Boers attack British forces in Zululand.

Aug. 4.-A Boer convoy of 70 waggons captured. Aug. 6.-Proclamation issued by Lord Kitchener banishing Boers who are in arms after Sept. 15.

Aug. 8.-Surrender of De Villiers. A post of Steinacker's Horse captured by the Boers. Aug. 15.-Boers cross the Orange River at Franz and Hock Drifts.

Aug. 21. First treason trials of the second class at Burgersdorp.

Aug. 25.-President Steyn sends reply to Lord Kitchener's proclamation,

Sept. 15.-Date by which Boers in arms must surrender or be banished, according to Lord Kitchener's proclamation.

FOR

EDR CALLANTE

G LIFE

ON LAND

a

The Albert Medal of the 1st Class, for bravery at sea, consists of an oval-shaped gold badge, enamelled in dark blue, with the monogram V. and A., interlaced with a gold anchor surrounded by bronze garter, with the words in gold "For gallantry in saving life at sea."' Above, the crown of H.R. H. the late Prince Consort. For saving life on land the badge is enamelled crimson instead of blue; there is no anchor, and it has the inscription "For gallantry in saving life on land." The Albert Medal of the 2nd Class is

in bronze, but in other respects is exactly similar to the 1st Class medal.

Bath.-Instituted in 1399, lapsed for a time, and was revived in 1725; in 1815 the order was divided into three classes; Knights Grand Cross, Knights Commanders, and Companions. The civil orders of these classes were not instituted till 1847. The badge is a Maltese cross of gold and white enamel; in the centre are the rose, shamrock, and thistle, and a sceptre between three imperial crowns, round which the motto "Tria juncta in uno" is inscribed on red enamel. Below the circle of red enamel the words "Ich dien are inscribed on a blue scroll, from which two branches of laurel issue. There is a gold lion

passant guardant in each corner of the crossThe gold collar consists of nine imperial crowns, and a rose, shamrock, and thistle, which issue from a gold sceptre in eight combinations, and are connected by seventeen knots in white enamel. The ribbon is red, and the star, which is a gold Maltese cross, surrounded by tongues of silver, has not the device of the rose, &c., or the lions.

Crown of India.-Instituted in 1878, is conferred also on ladies. The badge consists of the monogram V.R.I. in diamonds, pearls, and turquoises; an oval border of pearls surmounted by a crown of jewels, surrounds the monogram. The ribbon is watered light blue

edged with white. Distinguished Service Order.-Instituted in 1886, ranks after the Order of the Indian Empire. The badge consists of a cross of gold and white enamel, edged with gold; in the centre of the obverse, which is enamelled red, is the imperial crown in gold within an enamelled laurel wreath; the reverse, also enamelled red, has within a similar wreath, the cipher V.R.I. The ribbon is red, edged with blue.

Garter.-Instituted by Edward III. in 1348, the oldest British Order. The garter, which is worn on the left leg below the knee, is of dark blue velvet. The gold collar, which consists of twenty-four enamelled garters, each of which encircles a rose, has, as a pendant, the figure of St. George and the Dragon in enamel. In the middle of the silver star, which has eight points, is a red enamelled cross of St. George, surrounded by a garter. The motto is "Honi soit qui mal y pense," and the ribbon is dark

blue.

Indian Empire.-Instituted in 1878, and enlarged 1887; for services rendered to the Crown

in .connection with the Indian Empire. The badge consists of a rose in red enamel, with a letter of the word "India" on each leaf; the centre is an effigy of the Sovereign, surrounded by a purple rim, with the inscription Victoria Imperatrix"; the imperial crown surmounts the whole. The ribbon is purple.

HOPE

FAITH

Royal Red Cross.-Instituted in 1883, for services rendered in the field or in military and naval hospitals by nursing sisters or ladies. The badge consists of a crimson enamelled cross bordered with gold, which bears in the centre an effigy of the Sovereign; on the arms of the badge is the date of the foundation of the order, and the inscription "Faith, Hope, Charity." On the centre of the reverse side is the crown, and the cipher V.R.I. The ribbon is dark blue, with red edges.

1883

Royal Victorian Order.-Instituted April, 1896. To rank after the Order of the Indian Empire. For services to the Queen..

St. Michael and St. George.-Instituted in 1818, for services in connection with the Ionian Islands, and extended in 1868 and 1878 to services in connection with the Colonies and foreign affairs. The badge consists of a white enamelled

star, with seven doubled rays edged with gold; in the centre of the obverse is St. Michael triumphing over Satan; on the reverse the imperial

crown surmounts St. George and the Dragon, within a blue circle which bears the motto "Auspicium melioris ævi." The gold collar, which consists of lions, white enamelled Maltese crosses, and the ciphers S. M. and S. G. alternately, has in the centre two winged lions holding seven arrows and a book. The ribbon is Saxon blue, with a scarlet stripe.

St. Patrick.-Instituted by George III. in 1783. The badge, which consists of the cross of St. Patrick surmounted by a shamrock, each leaf of which bears the imperial crown in gold, and encircled by the motto

Quis separabit?" in gold on blue enamel, is pendant from a harp attached to the gold collar. The collar consists of five enamelled roses connected by gold knots, and of six harps. The star consists of the cross of St. Patrick and the shamrock, as in the badge, encircled by the motto in gold letters on a sky-blue enamelled ground; four greater and two lesser rays of silver surround the whole. The ribbon is sky-blue.

Star of India.-Instituted by Queen Victoria in 1861, for services rendered to the Indian Empire, was enlarged in 1866, 1875, and 1876. It consists of three classes, Knights Grand Commanders, Knights Commanders, and Companions. The badge consists of an oval cameo in onyx of the Sovereign, surmounted by a star of

diamonds, and surrounded by the motto "Heaven's light our guide." The ribbon is skyblue, with a narrow stripe of white near the edge. Thistle.-Instituted in 1540, was revived in 1687. The badge consists of an eight-pointed star of gold, bearing an enamelled figure of St. Andrew carrying his cross in front of him. The four-pointed star, with St.

Andrew's cross embroidered on it in silver, has in the centre a gold and green thistle in a circle

of green, on which is the motto "Nemo me impune lacessit" in gold letters. The enamelled collar consists of gold thistles and leaves, connected by crossed sprigs of rue. The ribbon is dark green.

Victoria and Albert.-Instituted in 1862, was enlarged in It is one 1864, 1865, and 1880.

on

of the few orders conferred ladies. The badge is a cameo of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert surmounted by a crown. ribbon is white moire.

The

Victoria Cross.-Instituted in 1856 for conspicuous bravery or devotion to the country in presence of the enemy," was revived in 1881. The cross is a bronze Maltese cross, bearing the Royal crest in the centre, beneath which is the inscription on a scroll "For valour. Additional clasps can be added for fresh acts of bravery. Every noncommissioned officer or soldier or warrant officer, petty officer, seaman, or marine who has the cross is entitled to a pension cf 10, with an additional pension of £5 for every clasp.