SEMI-SAXON EXTRACT.

(§ 24.)

Translation literal.

THE END.

LONDON:

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WORKS BY DR. LATHAM.

I.

AN ENGLISH GRAMMAR, FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS.

12mo. 4s. 6d. cloth.

The object of this work is to lay down the principles of English grammar as distinguished from mere rules. These principles are traced by surveying the origin and growth of the language, and particularly the several steps of the transition from the inflected character of its Anglo-Saxon stage, to its present uninflected structure. The student in the middle and higher classes of schools, for whom the work is chiefly intended. is made acquainted with the connexion of the various branches of the great Gothic stock of languages; and, by learning the history of his own tongue, and its relations to the dialects with which it is connected, acquires the elements of the general philological classification of languages. The book presents him with new and numerous facts, and habituates him to reasoning upon them; and while the work can be wholly mastered, independently of any knowledge of either of the classical languages, as much logic is given as is necessary to explain the structure of propositions.

Some of the peculiarities of the grammar consist in a minute analysis of the powers of the letters, whether single or combined; in the comparison of irregular inflexions with obsolete cognate words; in tracing the laws and forms of the derivation of words; and in a treatise on the varieties of English verse, and their representation by symbolical formulas.

"It is a work in which grammar, no longer an assemblage of conventional rules of speech, becomes a philosophical analysis of our language, and an elementary intellectual exercise adapted to the highest purposes of instruction."-Minutes of the Council of Education, vol. i.

II.

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

Second Edition, greatly enlarged. 8vo. 15s. cloth.

In this work, the History of the English Language is traced from its remote origin, through its successive changes and periods, to its present state. The nature of its connexion with all the languages, which either form its basis or have been in any degree incorporated with it, is minutely detailed: and this comparison of languages is made available in determining the causes of its various peculiarities, whether of isolated words or forms of construction; thus not only

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supplying the student with a clue to extensive researches in philology, but suggesting the true principles of derivation and of general grammatical criticism. This historical portion of the work makes the reader acquainted with the influence exercised in the modification of the Anglo-Saxon by the aboriginal Celtic of Britain, and by the three distinct graftings of the Roman language on the Gothic stock. The History is everywhere illustrated by extracts from primitive books, records, and inscriptions; by analogies drawn from the Sanskrit and classical languages, and from the Gothic, Celtic, and Sclavonic dialects of ancient and modern Europe; and by comparative catalogues of derivations, affinities, and provincialisms.

After the necessary preliminaries, logical, phonetic, and etymological, the student is introduced to the inflections, in which the old, middle, and present forms are shewn synoptically, and apparent anomalies reduced to system by an exposition of the mode in which they have arisen. The object of the Author is, to exhibit the language restored to its logical purity and regularity; to shew the way in which inflections and forms of expression were used of old, and thus to point out the way in which they ought now to be interpreted; and in the Etymological as well as the Syntactical portions of the work, by disclosing the reasons which lie at the bottom of the rules, to treat the grammar of the English language as a science rather than

as an art.

In the Syntax will be found researches on the chief difficulties of construction, such as the uses of the subjunctive mood; the nature of the aorist, emphatic and historic tenses; the succession of moods and tenses; and the remarkable contrariety in the employment of the auxiliaries shall and will in the first person, and in the second and third. On the latter subject, Wallis's Canon and Hare's ingenious hypothesis of the usus ethicus of the anomaly are discussed.

The Prosody supplies a full account of English metrical systems; and an Appendix contains a comparison between the Welsh of the Cambrian, and the Irish of the Gaelic branch of the Celtic stock.

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FIRST LESSONS IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR, FOR
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FIRST LESSONS IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR, FOR CLASSICAL SCHOOLS. (Nearly ready.)

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VI.

FIRST OUTLINES OF LOGIC,

66

Applied to Grammar and Etymology. 12mo. 1s. 6d. cloth. The design of this little book (which is an introduction or companion to English grammar) is to present a view of the first part of Logic, that which relates to isolated propositions,-sufficient to enable the student of grammar to conceive accurate notions of the functions performed in discourse by the different parts of speech. In analysing simple propositions, without enlarging on the subject of propositions combined with one another (as in syllogisms, hypothetic propositions, &c.), the author explains the mode in which all those classes of words enter into sentences; with the necessary exception of the conjunction, which he defines as a part of speech connecting two propositions, but entering into the construction of neither." It is shown that neither the grammatical nor the phonetic form of words is a sufficient test of the part of speech to which they belong, that being determined only by the structure of propositions. A necessary connexion between logic and grammar being thus established, the distinctions between propositions considered logically or grammatically are pointed out: the term proposition, in a logical point of view, being confined to indicative sentences; whereas, in grammar, it is made to include questions and commands; while the order of the subject and predicate in a proposition considered logically is invariable, but variable if considered grammatically. It is also shown where the logical and grammatical elements of a proposition do and do not coincide; and the nature of the extra-logical elements of a proposition is explained.

A HISTORY OF ROME,

From the Earliest Times to the Death of COMMODUS, A.D. 192. By Dr. L. SCHMITZ, Rector of the High School of Edinburgh, Editor of "Niebuhr's Lectures." One thick volume. 12mo. 7s. 6d. cloth, or 8s. 6d. strongly bound in leather.

The immense progress made in investigating Roman history and antiquities within the last thirty or forty years, having materially altered the whole complexion of that study, has rendered indispensable a new manual for the use of schools, removing the old errors and misconceptions which have long since been exposed and exploded by scholars. This compendium is designed to supply the want, by condensing and selecting out of a voluminous mass of detail, that which is necessary to give rather a vivid picture of the leading epochs of the history, than a minute narrative of the particulars recorded in the

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authorities. The Author has availed himself of all the important works on the whole Roman history, or portions of it, which have appeared since Niebuhr gave a new life and new impulse to the subject. The period embraced by the work is from the earliest times to the death of Commodus, when the moral degradation of the empire reached its utmost limit. A copious table of chronology and indexes are added.

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This book consists of several thousand questions, with indications of the pages where the answers are to be looked for. Every important circumstance mentioned in the history is involved in the questions, which are arranged, as far as possible, in a complete and uninterrupted series. The answers are not always obvious, the learner being occasionally expected to elicit them by drawing inferences from the facts stated in the history; and it is recommended that he should be encouraged, in all cases, to give the answers rather in his own words than in those of the author.

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