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permifhon to fhave himself. His wife, then fuckling her first child, was fo much affected, that both she and her infant nearly loft their lives. Mr D.'s accounts, which had already been examined and passed, were demanded of him. Nothing that could justify his detention appearing, he and Mr S. were fet at liberty. A committee was appointed to infpect their accounts, which declared, that they were near 400,000 liv. [16,666 1.] in advance, and at the fame time paffed an encomium on their conduct. At this time two different opinions prevailed on the fubject of the corn trade. Mr. Turgot was for its being totally free. He was fupported by abbé Morellet, abbé Beaudeau, and Mr. de Condorcet, who fucceffively published answers to Mr. Neckar's work on legislation and the corn-trade. This work, which advanced oppofite principles, occafioned its author many vexations. Mr. T. then comptroller general, fearful of the propagation of a doctrine so oppofite to his own, applied to the lieute nant of police to prevent its publica tion. Unable to obtain any thing of him, he went to the cenfor, Mr Ca

out any inventory of them being taken and a month afrerwards he was fent under a strong guard to a town on the confines of Savoy, where he was delivered to a Sardinian officer, who with twenty dragoons, efcorted him to the castle of Miolans, the Baftille of that country. His papers, however valuable they might have been, packed carelessly in a bag much too large, were torn to pieces by the length of the journey. Let us here obferve, that every king in Europe, except the king of England, has a Baftille, the gates of which open and fhut at his nod, at the nod of his minifters, their fecretaries, his miftreffes, or any nobleman, or female, who has acquired a certain influence, either by place, or intrigue, whilft juftice looks on unconcerned." Another inftance of French justice we muft mention. An abbé, in concert with a girl of the town, having ftabbed his brother as he was embracing him, cut the body in pieces and filed to Venice. There this fratricide was arrested, on an accufation of having murdered his miftrefs and accomplice. He was claimed by the court of France. To inflict an exemplary det de Sainville, requefting him to punishment on him, no doubt ?-No. He was related to fome magiftrate, and in confequence was only confined at Pierreen Cize.

The following anecdotes of fome who have taken up their abode in this den of defpotifm may tend farther to difclofe the fecrets of the place.

Dan. Doumerc, commiffioned to furnish corn on account of the king, entered May 5, 1775, fet at liberty June 20. The law of 1764, rendering the exportation of corn free, occafioned a fcarcity. Without revoking the law, it was thought fit to import corn from abroad. Mr Turgot, fufpecting Mcfirs Sorin and Doumerc, who were partners, of improper conduct, ordered them to be conducted to the Bastille. Mr D. was thirteen days withont a change of linen, or

refufe his approbation. Mr. de S. defired an order to this purpose in writ ing. Mr. T. not complying with this, he gave his approbation in the following terms: I have read, &c. Tho' the principles contained in it appear to me different from those announced by government, yet the author having confined himself fimply to a difcuffion of his fubject without perfona lities or declamation, and as I conceive, that the truth cannot but gain by the investigation of fo important a question, I think the publication of this work must be advantageous.

Mr de la Tour jun. This young gentleman, who has vifited almoft all the prifons and houfes of confine ment in France, the fon of the firft prefident of the parliament of Aix, and related to feveral other perfons of

distinction,

diftinction, came to the Baftille ftrong- but it was now quite the reverfe.

ly recommended to the governor. Mr. de Launey paid the greatest refpect to his illuftrious prifoner, who was a diffipated youth fent to the Baftille to be reclaimed, by his friends. A few days after his arrival he was introduced to Mde. de L. whom he afterwards vifited daily. He was called by the name of St. Julien, that he might be prefent even when there was company. When the governor and his wife were abfent, he was mafter of their houfe. On thefe occafions he made love to the waiting mid, who was by no means cruel. This being foon known to de L. he faid to him one day: You are young, you have paffions like other men, I will bring you acquainted with a charming little woman, with whom you will be enchanted: you fhall marry her, but without a parfon or attorney: you understand me.' De L. had a miftrefs, one Mde. Teffier, to whom he would have been generous, but he was fordidly avaricious. De la T. was rich, and thus he thought he might conciliate his two oppofite propenfities. The fame evening he led his prifoner to the houfe of Mde. T. There he left him, whilft he paid fome vifits in town, and returned at night to conduct him to his apartment in the Baftille. Mde. T. now removed to a more elegant ha bitation. The greater part of every day was fpent by de la T. at her houfe, and he was always ready to return when called for in the evening. Unfortunately, the governor found a letter from the young gentleman to his mistress, in which he was painted not altogether to his liking. The next day poor de la T. found all his enjoyments at an end. The doors of his dungeon were no longer open to him. He was not even permitted to breathe the air of the court. Hitherto de L. had given a favourable report of his conduct to his friends, VOL. XII. No. 70.

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His reformation was defpaired of and he was fent to another prifon laden with irons. Thence, however, he found means to escape but he did not abufe his liberty. He employed it in attempting a reconciliation with his friends, which he ob tained by the promises he made of amendment, promifes that he appears to have kept. De L. was mean enough on this occafion to refuse refufe payment for goods furnished Mde. T. by his orders, and one tradefman was not paid till fix years afterwards, tho❜ de L. had received the money from de la T. at the delivery of the articles; nor would he then have been paid, had not de L. been embroiled in fome affairs which made him defirous of hufhing up this.

The next article with which we fhall prefent our readers, will probab ly excite their curiofity more than any other. This is the hiftory of the man with the iron mafk, which has been the occafion of fo much enquiry. No pofitive proof of who he was, has yet been obtained, though we own there is fome probability in the fuppofition here advanced, as founded on prefumptive proofs. After bringing fufficient arguments to fhow that he was not the duke of Beaufort, the duke of Monmouth, Fouquet, the fecretary of the duke of Mantua, the Armenian patriarch Avedick, who was carried off by the Jefuits, the count de Vermandois, natural fon to Lewis XIV, a younger brother of Lewis XIV, fon of Anne of Auftria, and cardinal Mazarin, or a twin brother of that monarch, each of whom has been afferted to have been the perfon, it is now fuppofed, that the most and strongest probabilities are a favour of his having been an elder brother of Lewis XIV. On this hypothefis the following is all we can gather of his hiftory. The duke of Buckingham, who went to France in 1625, to bring

over

over the princess Henrietta, wife to Charles I. openly paid great attention to the queen, Anne of Auftria, to whom his gallantry was not difpleafing. The fruit of this intrigue was a fon, born in the beginning of the year 1626. As it was well known, that the king and queen of France had fong had feparate beds, the profoundeft fecrecy was obferved, and the child was educated in the most private manner. Anne of Auftria died January 20, 1666. It appears, that the man with the iron mark, was conveyed to Pignerol, previous to the year 1671, and not before 1666. Most probably, therefore, it was foon after the death of Anne. Confided to the care of St. Mars, then governor of that place, he appears always to have been entrusted to the fame perfon. In 1666 he was transferred to the island of St. Marguerite, when St. Mars was promoted to that government, and it is remarkable that the prifon of the island of St. Marguerite was conftructed on that occafion. In 1698, St. Mars being removed to the Baftille, took his prifoner with him. Here he died on the 19th of November, 1703. The following is an extract from the mortuary register of the royal and paro chial church of St. Paul, at Paris. An. 1703. Nov. 19. Marchialy, aged about forty-five, died at the Baf tille, and his corpfe was interred in the burying ground of this parish, the 20th of the faid month, in prefence of Mr. Rofarges, major of the Baftille, and of Mr. Reish, furgeon-major of that place, who have figned this.' Except Mr. St. Mars, Mr. Rofarges appears to be the only person who ever faw the prifoner. He was major of Pignerol when the prifoner arrived there, and alfo accompanied him till he died. After his death, the floor of his apartment was taken up and burnt, with all its furniture, and the plafter was fcraped off the walls. In peaking of this unfortunate perfon,

we have called him, in conformity to cuftom, the man with the iron mask, but many circumftances tend to fhow, that his mask was in fact of black vel

vet.

We fhall conclude this article with fome account of what paffed the 14th of June, 1789. The Baftile was not taken by affault: the gates were opened by the garrifon. Only one cannon was difcharged, and the gar rifon made but a flight defence. They would have furrendered fooner, but the people, in their tumultuous fury, fired upon them repeatedly after they offered to deliver up the fortress, thus compelling the garrifon, as it were, to fire upon them in return. The ftory of a number of citizens being admitted within the walis, and maffacred in cold blood, we are happy to fay, is untrue. Some who had advanced with a flag of truce, were fired upon; but they had remained in an outer court, after the flag, with a party, had withdrawn, and the people had re-commenced their firing. On opening the prifon, only feven prifoners were found: alt alive; no dead bodies; no skeletons; no men in chains. It is true there were fome anatomical preparations in a clofet, belonging to the furgeon, which probably gave rife to fuch reports. The prifoners were Tavernier, put into the Bastille Auguft 4, 1759: count de Solages, February 28, 1784: De Whyte, February 29, 1784: Béchade, and La Roche, January 10, 1787: La Caurege, January 18, 1787; and Pujade, February 8, 1787: Of Tavernier we are only informed, that he was a natural fon of ParisDuverney, brother to Paris-Montmartel, and that he is become infane. The count de S. was fhut up by his relations at Vincennes in 1782. Whyte alfo came from Vincennes. The true name of Béchade is La Barte; he was accufed of forgery. La Roche, La Courege, and Pujade,

De

were

were confined as his accomplices. Amongst these there is not one who can poffibly be fuppofed to be the fame perfon with lord Maffarene, except De Whyte. But of him they fay; "This is the perfon who was for feveral days carried about Paris, and shown at all the public places. He came with count de Sclages, and the marquis de Sade, from Vincennes, where he had been confined we know

not how long. We have never been able to difcover who he was. For fome time his head has been deranged, and he has every day a new story, He was obliged to be conveyed to Charenton a few days after the taking of the Baftille. He fpeaks English very well, whence he is fuppofed to be an Irifhman: We have been informed, that he is related to Mr. de Sartine."

Account of the Private Life of Lewis XIV.*

T eight o'clock, the firft valet de chambre in waiting, who alone flept in the king's chamber, waked him. The principal phyfician, the principal furgeon, and his nurfe, who lived to a very advanced age, entered; the latter embraced him, and the others enquired concerning his health. At a quarter paft eight the grand chamberlain was called, or if he was abfent, the first gentleman in waiting, and at the fame time the grandees entered. One of them drew back the curtains, which had been closed again, and after prefenting the holy water, and the book of the service of SaintEfprit, they all retired into the cabiAfter this fervice which was very short, the king called them back again, and the fame perfon who had prefented him with the holy water, gave him his morning gown. Then the officers of ftate, & entered with their difpatches, afterwards the pecple of confequence, and every one who had been introduced.

.net.

The king put on his own ftockings and fhoes, and did almost every thing for him felf with much grace and addrefs. From an idea of decency he never appeared even in bed, or when he was indifpofed, without a little fort wig. He never fat before a Hh 2

toilet, a glafs only was held before him; he always dreffed in dark colours, often in black velvet lightly embroidered, with a waistcoat of cloth or fattin, either red or white, with a flight border of embroidery. He never wore any rings, nor even jewels, excepting the buckles of his thoes but his hat was laced with gold, with a white plume of feathers. He always wore his cordon bleu beneath his waist coat, excepting on gala days, when he wore it above, decorated with eight or ten millions of jewels; he was the only perfon who habitually concealed it, none of the court imitated him.

As foon as he was dreffed, he proftrated himself at the foot of his bed to pray to God. All the clergy, as well as the cardinal, kneeled, the laity continued ftanding, and the captain of the guard ftood by the bedpoft. After prayers he went into his cabi net, where all thofe were affembled whofe place it was to attend him there and there were a great number. There he gave the order for the day, fo that people knew in lefs than half a quarter of an hour, what the king intended to do, and what they were to do themfelves. Every one then went out, excepting his chil

:

Lewis XIV. La Cour & Regent

dren

dren, their tutors, and his most familiar friends, and foon after entered by the back door, the architects, gardeners, &c. This was the time for these people to ask a favour, fometimes alfo this interval was filled up with fecret audiences which were thus called to distinguish them from those given in the bed chamber, which were called particular audiences.

During these converfations, or audiences, all the court at Verfailles, waited in the gallery, till the king gave them notice that he was going to mafs, then the captain of the guard entered and accompanied them to the chapel. The king never went below, but on great feftivals, or on account of fome ceremony, He behaved very refpectfully at church, and towards the latter end of his life, he read a little and counted his beads. Every one was obliged to kneel at the Sanctus, and to continue fo till after the communion of the priest. The leaft noife excited his attention, and he always expreffed his difpleafure at it. In going to and from mafs, any body spoke to him, provided they had firft fpoken to the captain of the guard, if they were not men of diftinguished rank. The minifters af fembled themselves during the mafs in the chamber of council, where they might be feen and fpoken to; but only for a fhort time, because the king feldom ftopped as he returned from the chapel. Then the ceremo nies of the morning ended.

There was a council of ftate on Sundays, and often on Monday, Tuefday the council of finances, on Wednesday the council of ftate, and on Saturday the council of finances again. Two very rarely occurred on the fame day, nor were any held on Thursday or Friday, excepting on particular occafions, Once or twice in the month, there was a council of difpatches on Monday morning. The orders which the fecretary of state ok fometime in the morning, be

tween the time of the king's rifing, and the mafs, very much diminished the bufinefs of this council. At this council all the ministers were seated according to their rank, but at the council of difpatches every one flood whilft it lafted,except Monfieur, Monseigneur, and the duke of Bourgoyne when they came, which indeed feldom happened, and then only on account of affairs that had been already before the counfellors of ftate.

Thurfday morning was generally difengaged, it was the day appropriated for fecret audiences, for family convertations, and domeftic affairs. On Friday, after mafs, was the time fixed on for confeffion, which time was never shortened for any other bulinefs, and often lafted almoft till the hour of dinner. At Trianon, and Marly, the king commonly went from mafs to Madame Maintenon's apartment, if fhe was not gone to Saint-Cyr; no one was permitted to interrupt this tete-a-tete, the king bolted the door when he entered, and if it was abfolutely neceffary for any one to speak to him, he always opened it himself. At Fontainbleau he continued with her till dinner, for hunting or walking commonly shortened the morning. The hour of dinner was one o'clock. If the council was prolonged, the dinner waited, and the king was not informed of it, for he difliked being hurried when he was engaged in business.

The king always dined alone in his chamber; he ordered the dinner himself, three courfes without fruit. The table being carried into the chamber, the principal courtiers entered, and the reft of the court. The first gentleman in waiting ferved the king, when the grand chamberlain was not there. M. de Gêvres, duke of Trêmes, afferts, that one day the grand chamberlain arriving after the dinner began, could not take away the course, and was openly cor.demned by the king. The firft gentleman commanded

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