Time of RISE OF THE TIDES. Prepared for the Farmer's Almanac. Or all natural objects the expanded sea is the most gratifying and sublime, and of all the phenomena of motion, its Tides, conferring on the whole the activity of life, are the most surprising. The great, exciting energy of the waters is the Tides. Twice in every rotation, the seas rise and fall from 4 or 10 to 40 or 60 feet; and they act on all shores like librating water in a shallow vessel. They are influenced by the Moon, since they follow the Moon's southing in time, however they may be specially obstructed and delayed. The ocean rises and falls alternately; and its depth is observed to be greatest at any given place a certain time after the Moon has passed the meridian of that place. The interval of time between low water and the following high water is called flood fide, and that between high water and the following low water is called ebb tide. The interval between successive high tides is 12 hours, 24 minutes, 22 seconds. As the earth revolves, a succession of Tides follow one another, and are diffused over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, but the Atlantic Ocean is not broad enough for the formation of a powerful Tide-wave; only the great Pacific Ocean, whose enormous mass of water embraces nearly half the globe, has width enough for this. The Pacific is therefore the ocean from which the Tides chiefly come forth. The Tide-wave, once formed, marches on from this ocean towards the west according to the same laws which govern the path of any other wave, which may be raised on any surface of water, whether by the wind, by a stone thrown in, or by any other cause. The Tide-wave reaches the Indian Ocean, partly running around Australia, partly finding its way through the numerous straits of the Indian Archipelago. The Atlantic Ocean, severed almost entirely from the great Pacific Ocean by the farstretching continent of America, receives now most of the remaining force of the wave, as, turning the southern point of Africa, it presses onwards to the north until it is lost in the Arctic Sea. It is to this, chiefly, that the Tides of the European and American coasts are owing. Shoals, peninsulas, and promontories offer obstructions to the flow of the waters, and vary their height and direction. In some narrow seas, channels, and bays they are greatly accumulated, so that the Tides rise to a far greater height than in the main ocean. Upon the coasts of Britain and New Brunswick the Tides are high, while in the centre of the ocean they are remarkably low. The Spring Tides rise more than 40 feet at Bristol, England, and in the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia upwards of 50 feet. The general height in the North Atlantic is 10 or 12 feet, but in the open and Jeep sea they are less; and at St. Helena, a solitary islet in the heart of the South Atlantic, the rise very rarely exceeds 3 feet, while in the islands in the Pacific Ocean the rise is scarcely perceptible. In the Irish Sea and English Channel the Tide attains a much greater height than at St. Helena. At the mouth of the Avon, the tidal rise amounts to 42 feet; at Milford Haven to 36 feet; at London and Beechy Head to 18 feet; at the Needle, off the Isle of Wight, to 9 feet, and at Weymouth, England, to 7 feet; while at Charleston, S. C., it rises to about 6 feet, and at St. Augustine, Florida, to 5 feet; at Cape Henry, 4 feet, and at Halifax to 8 feet. We give below a Table of its rise at different points on or near our coast, copied from the American Nautical Almanac, which we trust may be found useful and instructive to our many readers, rural as well as nautical. TIDE TABLE. The Tides given in the Calendar pages are for the Port of Boston. The following table contains the difference between the time of High Water at Boston and several other places. When the sign is prefixed to the hours and minutes in the table, the time must be subtracted from the Boston time; and when the sign + is prefixed, the time must be added to the Boston time. A GOOD WORD FOR MASSACHUSETTS.— We found, says the Boston Journal in 1865, the following appreciative commendation of Massachusetts in the New York Times. It is so seldom that justice is done to Massachusetts by the New York papers, that we cannot refrain from transferring this to our columns. With the exception of New York, there are, probably, no States in the Union that have shown a more patriotic record than Ohio and Massachusetts, since the open ing of the rebellion, whether we regard the number of soldiers they have contributed to the national armies, the class of men which represent them in these armies, the readiness with which responses have been made to the calls of the general government, or the nobility of the efforts made to afford relief to the sick and the wounded through special state agencies. Yet, in spite of these self-imposed taxes upon the industry of both these commonwealths, it is a fact, which may be pointed to at once with pride and gratitude, that at no period of its previous history was either State more prosperous in its financial resources, or better able to meet the future demands upon its liberality for local or general expenditures." The New York Tribune and the Commercial also make the message of the governor the subject of favorable comment. The Commercial, referring to the remarks of Governor Andrew upon the enlistments from Massachusetts, remarks that "these statements effectually dispose of much of the current slander of Massachusetts, and show how baseless is much of the stereotyped abuse of the old commonwealth." It concludes as follows: "Massachusetts and New York have fought side by side, and both, according to their present governors, have exceeded the quotas of past calls. We shall hear less of this crimination in future, for those who malign states and are regardless of the progress we are making towards the assertion of freedom and equal rights for all, were shovelled under in the late elections." THE USE OF FIREARMS. The following instructions given by a parent, to be strictly observed by his son, as a condition of allowing him to use a gun, if practised upon, as they should be, by all who handle firearms, would save many a life. 1. Never overload the gun or pistol. 2. Never load it with the cap on the nipple. 3. Always ram the charge home. 4. Never point the gun or pistol, whether loaded or unloaded, at any one, or in such a manner as, if loaded and discharged, it would do any harm. 5. Do not cock your gun till you are ready to discharge it. 6. When firing with others, always have them range in rear of you. 7. In carrying your firearm, let the muzzle always point in the air or towards the ground. TAXES. - To those who are exercised in spirit by the amount of taxation to which the nation has subjected itself in order to save its life, we commend a passage from Dr. Franklin's Way to Wealth," showing what are the heaviest of our taxes. "A'plain, clean old man, with white locks,' whom the bystanders called Father Abraham,' -so runs the little fiction in which Franklin wraps his philosophy, was asked what he thought of the times. 'Will not these heavy taxes quite ruin the country? How shall we ever be able to pay them?' Father Abraham stood up and replied, Friends, the taxes are indeed very heavy; and if those laid on by the govern ment were the only ones we had to pay, we might more easily discharge them; but we have many others, and much more grievous to some of us. We are taxed twice as much by our idleness, three times as much by our pride, and four times as much by our folly; and from these taxes the commissioners cannot ease or deliver us by allowing an abatement. However, let us hearken to good advice, and something may be done for us. "God helps them that help themselves," as Poor Richard says." OUR NATIONAL SECURITIES. The following is an explanation of the meaning of the terms applied to the different National Loans. REGULATIONS FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF LOST TREASURY NOTES.-Treasury Department, May 23, 1862. Where Treasury Notes are alleged to be lost or destroyed, they can only be paid after their maturity upon the following proceedings: SEVEN-THIRTIES (7-30s).-These represent a Currency Loan, having three years to run, then convertible into a Gold interest 6 per cent. stock having 20 years to run, but with 1. Proof by affidavit before a magistrate the right reserved to the government of pay-authorized by law to administer such oaths, ing off the loan, in gold, at any time after 5 years. The term "Seven-thirties" is derived from the rate of interest which these threeyears convertible notes bear, to wit, two cents per day on each $100, or for 365 days seven dollars and thirty cents on each $100. There are three serics of these Bonds; what is said above applies to series 1 and 2. The government reserves the right on the 3d series to pay 73-10 per cent. interest in currency or 6 per cent. in gold. showing the time, place, and all other material circumstances attending the alleged loss or destruction of the notes, together with the number, date, rate of interest, period to which interest, if any, has been paid thereon, in whose favor issued, whether mdorsed and by whom, whether the indorsement was made in blank or specially to some person whose name must be given, with all other necessary particulars in regard to the ownership and disappearance of the notes. 2. Upon examination of such proof, if found FIVE-TWENTIES (5-20s). The term "Five- satisfactory, it will be referred to the First twenties" is applied to the 6 per cent. Gold-Comptroller to prepare a blank bond of indembearing Bonds of the United States, to which 20 years half-yearly Coupons are attached, but which may be paid off, in Gold, by the government, on due notice to the holders, at any time after five years, in the not improbable event the government should be offered the money on a new loan at a cheaper rate than 6 per cent. TEN-FORTIES (10-40s). These are the 5 per cent. Gold-bearing Bonds of the United States, to which half-yearly Coupons are at tached for 40 years, but which may be paid off in Gold, on notice to the holders, at any time after 10 years, in the possible event the government should be offered the money on a new loan at a less rate of interest than 5 per cent. U. S. COUPON SIXES (OR 1881 6s). The long or unconditional 6 per cent. Gold-bearing Loan, known as the 6 per cents of 1881, cannot be redeemed by the government at all, except by purchase, until after the year 1881. making this the most desirable of all the Uni ted States loans as a permanent investment. The outstanding totals of each of the above Loans was as follows, in June, 1865: nity, which must be executed by the claimant and his sureties in presence of a judge or district attorney of the United States, or of a judge of a supreme or superior court of a State, by whom the sufficiency of the sureties for double the sum claimed must be officially certified Such bond will contain the condition or stipulation that the signers shall jointly and severally pay to any person who shall establish a valid claim to the treasury notes alleged to be lost or destroyed, or any of them, the full amount of such note or notes, with interest thereon; and also to pay to the United States the amount which shall appear to have been paid to the claimant by them on account of such note or notes. 3. In all cases the copy of an advertisement in a newspaper published at or near the place of the alleged loss or destruction must be produced, together with the affidavit of the printer or publisher of such rewspaper that the advertisement appeared in the same for three consecutive weeks at least. This copy and affidavit should be forwarded with the bond of indemnity required. 4. Unless the proof showing the actual destruction of any treasury note is direct and conclusive, the amount will not be ordered to be settled in favor of the claimant in less than twelve months from the maturity of such note, $600,000,000 in order to give reasonable opportunity for any 596,545,900 possible holder of such note to present the 172,770,100 same for redemption.. 281,561,400 S. P. CHASE, Secretary of the Treasury. $1,650,877,400 $1,650,877,400 In addition to the Gold Interest Stocks here classified, there was then outstanding $48,868,891 of the old funded 5 and 6 per cents of the United States, upon which the interest is paid in Gold, and the principal of which will be redeemed in Gold when due. THE NATIONAL DEBT.—The following com- "GREENBACKS" AND "LEGÁL-TENDER."-January 1, 1836, The terms Greenbacks' and Legal-Tender' are convertible. All the greenbacks are legal tender; but $433,160,569 are of the ordinary circulation, free of interest, and $226,000,000 bear simple or compound interest, payable on the maturity of the Notes, most of them 6 per cents, payable three years after 1864, the interest compounded in a table on the back of the note every six months. $75.463,476 52 45.209.737 90 127,334,933 74 89,985,537 72 291,089 05 16.759.926 33 30,963,909 64 64,769,769 08 . 514.210.371 92 .1.098,793,181 37 .1.740,690.489 49 2,279,579,486 $10 .2,635,205,753 50 July 1, 1846. |