How far from the surface of a ball 12 feet THE sun is best seen at his rising and in diameter must a light stand to light 1-5| setting. So men's native disposition is of the surface? And how near to each most clearly perceived when they are chil- other can two such lights stand, and each dren and when they come to die. one light different fifths?

An old woman, wishing to oblige her neighbors, sent her daughter with a bas- 10. ket of eggs to three of them. At the first house she left half of the number of eggs 11. she had and half a one over; at the sec- 12. ond, half of the remainder and half a one over; at the third she did the same, and 13. returned with one egg, not having broken any. How many had she at first?

THE WASTES OF THE FARM.

THE last Report (the ninth of the series) of the Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture contains an elaborate and valuable essay on the Wastes of the Farm, by James S. Grennell, a member of the Board. Among the prominent points stated by the writer are those of

WANT OF EDUCATION, SYSTEM, ETC., AMONG FARMERS.- Mr. G. asks, "Do we not find at the very outset, a leading cause of loss or waste in the want of education, method and system, in managing the farm, so as to know the cost and profits of each branch of farming? Is there not an entire lack of accuracy in the details of the business, which of course renders any statement of results or experiments uncertain?"

KEEPING ACCOUNTS. -"The importance of this subject to the farmer cannot be overstated, and should not be overlooked. Farmers cannot be too strongly urged to keep exact and faithful accounts with their farms, their animals, and every crop which they raise. It would immensely assist the improvement of their farms, and their own comfort and self-respect." WASTE OF MANURES. "Of all the wastes upon a farm, perhaps there is none more apparent than that of manures; none more deserving of reprobation, because none other is so generally and directly prejudicial to success in farming, and none other, of anything like the same extent, can be so easily prevented. ***Since, then, manures are of such all-controlling consequence in agriculture, how carefully should we study into their nature and composition; how faithfully should we labor to increase by every means the production of them; how jealously should we guard against their waste; and how closely should we watch the effects produced by their various application!"

ANNUAL LOSS TO THE STATE BY WASTE OF MANURES.-"By the census of 1860, it appears that there are in this Commonwealth 84,327 barns. The Secretary of the Board of Agriculture estimates the quantity of manure at five cords to each, worth three dollars per cord, making a total of $1,264,905. If we assume that one-fourth of the barns have cellars, it| follows that three-fourths of this manure is exposed to atmospheric and other deteriorating influences. Many competent persons estimate the loss from this cause at one-half; but, if it is only one-third, we show a waste from the exposure of the solid manure of $331,635 per annum."

WASTE OF FERTILIZING SUBSTANCES. "There are many substances wasted, which would make rich fertilizers. The manure from the poultry, if they are confined, is as good as guano, and should not be wasted. There is much from every factory and mill, and from families. BONES, if thrown into a barrel, covered with ashes, and moistened, will, after a while, become decomposed, so as to form with the ashes a suitable fertilizer. HARD COAL ASHES, if screened thoroughly, are worth saving, and hauling a short distance to spread on grass land, containing, as they do, some lime, etc. WOOD ASHES form one of the most valuable of all fertilizers, and ought to be saved with jealous care, and are, at the common prices, a safer fertilizer than any other to be purchased."

DETERIORATION OF PASTURES. This comes in as a prominent waste. *** Some of the more obvious reasons for the decline and waste of pastures, that were originally in good condition as such, may be mentioned, as 1. Overstocking. 2. Turning into the same field every variety of stock, sheep, horses, neat cattle, young and old together, by which the pastures are fed. 3. Allowing bushes, brambles and all foul stuff to grow, to the destruction of feed, especially of the finer grasses. The mere statement of these causes of evil naturally suggests the remedy."

TREATMENT OF WOODLANDS. "The mode of treatment of woodlands is subject to criticism as a waste, and is of very great importance to the farmIers of the State. The practice of cutting clean as one goes, or clearing the land of timber at once, and making way for a new growth to spring up, has demonstrated that we have nothing to fear as to a farther supply of wood." We regret that our limits will not allow us to make further extracts from Mr. G.'s excellent essay, and commend it and the Report to our readers.

TIDE TABLE.

The tides given in the Calendar pages are for the Port of Boston.

The following table contains the difference between the time of high water at Boston and several other places.

When the sign is prefixed to the hours and minutes, in the table, the time must be subtracted from the Boston time; and when the sign is prefixed, the time must be added to the Boston time.

h. m.

h. m.

-4 15 New London,

5 00 Newport,
-4 30 Norfolk,
-3 00 Philadelphia,
-3 53 Plymouth,
-1 00 Portland,

-4 45 Port Campbell,
0 00 Port Jackson,

-3 53 Providence,

h.m.

-236

-3 50

<-3 00

+2 57

0 00

-045

-2 30 -3 30%

-3 5

0 15 St. Salvador,

+4 15

1 14 Sandy Hook,

-453

STATISTICS OF SLAVE OWNERS.-There were in the United States, in the year 1850, (and we presume the number does not vary much by the census of 1860,) 347,525 persons owning slaves. Of this number 2 only owned 1000 each; both resided in S. Carolina. 9 only owned between 500 and 1000, of whom 2 resided in Georgia, 4 in Louisiana, 1 in Mississippi. 56 owned from 300 to 500, of whom 1 resided in Maryland, 1 in Virginia, 3 in N. Carolina, 1 fn Tennessee, 1 in Florida, 4 in Georgia, 6 in Louisiana, 8 in Mississippi, 29 in S. Carolina. 187 owned from 200 to 300, of whom S. Carolina had 60, Louisiana 36, Georgia 22, Mississippi 18, Alabama 16, N. Carolina 12, 5 other States 14, and 4 States none. 1,479 owned from 100 to 200. All the slaveholding States, except Florida and Missouri, are represented in this class, S. Carolina having one-fourth of the whole. These five classes owned 733 slaves; 6,196 persons owned 50 slaves each; 29,733 from 20 to 50 slaves each; and 59,595 persons owned from 10 to 20 slaves each. From this statement, S. Carolina owned more slaves, in proportion to her population, than any other State in the South, and had a proportionately greater interest in secession than any other.

WHAT SECEDING STATES HAVE COST. -The following figures show how much money has been paid by the Government, to say nothing of the sacrifice of human life, for the exclusive benefit of the seceding States of the Union :-Louisiana (purchased of France), $15,000,000; interest paid, $8,385,353. Florida (purchased of Spain), $5,000,000; interest paid, $1,430,000. Texas, boundary, $10,000,000; for indemnity, $10,000,000; for creditors, $7,750,000; Indian expenses of all kinds, $5,000,000; to purchase navy, pay troops, $5,000,000; all other expenditures, $3,000,000. Mexican war, $217,175,575; soldiers' pensions and bounty lands, $100,000,000. Florida war, $100,000,000; soldiers' pensions, $7,000,000; to remove Indians, $5,000,000. Paid by treaty for New Mexico, $15,000,000; to extinguish Indian titles, $100,000,000. Paid to Georgia, $3,082,000. Total cost, $617,822,928.

THE MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS FOR THREE YEARS.-From the closing portion of the report of the Adjutant General we obtain the following facts :

The number of commissions issued from the office since April 15, 1860, is 1,612. Boston has furnished 27 officers, and 3,880 privates; Salem, 45 officers, and 489 privates; Lowell, 24 officers, and 844 privates; Worcester, 37 officers, and 595 privates; Roxbury, 23 officers, and 549 privates; Cambridge, 34 officers, and 502 privates; New Bedford, 11 officers, and 280 privates; Taunton, 15 officers, and 394 privates; Lawrence, 16 officers, and 420 privates.

THE MILITARY FORCE OF THE UNITED STATES. According to the Army Gazette for 1862, the aggregate number of the regular army of the United States is 39,273; of the volunteer army, 556,252-making the united force 595,525. The aggregate of the militia force, including that of the rebel States, is 3,214,769.

TABLE OF SIMPLE INTEREST, AT 6 PER CENT. So arranged that the interest on any sum may be at once ascertained.

Principal.

1 Day. 1Week. 1 Month. 1 Year. Princi-1 Day. 1Week. 1Month. 1 Year. D.c m.D.c.m. D. c. m.D.c.m. pal. D.c.m.D.c.m. D. c m D. c. m. 10 1 2 Doll.700 1

Cts. 20 0 0 00 0

00 0

20 870 35 0

4 20

Where the interest is at the rate of seven per cent., add one sixth to the product, of eight per cent., add one third, &c. Where at the rate of five per cent., deduct one sixth, of four per cent., deduct one third, &c.

POST-OFFICE REGULATIONS. (1862.) Letters.-A letter not exceeding half an ounce, three cents, pre-paid, under 3000 miles; but over that distance, ten cents, pre-paid.

"A letter, when conveyed wholly or in part by sea to or from a foreign country, over 2500 miles, 20 cents; and under 2500, 10 cents, except all cases where the postages have been or shall be adjusted at different rates by postal treaty or convention." Drop letters, one cent. Advertised letters, one cent in addition to regular postage. Valuable letters may be registered at the office, on payment of regular postage and five cents additional.

Newspapers, Periodicals, Unsealed Circulars, &c., not over 3 oz., 1 ct. each, to any part of the U. States, or ct. if paid quarterly or yearly in advance. Newspapers, &c., not over one and a half oz., half the above rates, if sent within the state where published.

Newspapers, papers, and pamphlets, not over 16 pages, 8vo, in packages of not less than eight ounces to one address, one half cent an ounce; though, if separate pieces, the postage may be more.

All transient matter to be pre-paid, by stamps.

Books, bound or unbound, not over 4 pounds each, 1 cent an ounce under and 2 cents over 3000 miles; to be pre-paid.

Weekly newspapers free in the county of publication, when transmitted by mail. Bills and receipts for payments of money for newspapers may be enclosed in subscribers' papers.

Exchanges between newspaper publishers, for one copy from each office, free. Newspapers, &c., to be so enclosed that the character can be determined without removing the wrapper; to have nothing written or printed on the paper or wrapper, beyond the direction, and to contain no enclosure other than the bills or receipts mentioned. To these rules we would add, always sign your name, and also direct all letters, &c., sent by mail, plainly and distinctly; and use the folded sheet, in preference to envelopes, as this saves separating the post-mark from the letter.

LETTERS NOT PREPAID TO GO TO THE DEAD LETTER OFFICE.-By the act of the 3d of March, 1855, the postage upon all letters except such as are entitled to pass free between places in the United States, is required to be prepaid. The Department, through courtesy, has hitherto at considerable labor and expense notified the parties addressed, in all instances in which the writers failed to prepay, that their letters would be forwarded on receiving the postage due thereon; but now it is ordered that all such unpaid letters be sent to the dead letter office, to be disposed of in like manner as other dead letters. Drop letters are now sent to the dead letter office;

LIST OF STATE AND COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES

In New England, with the Name and Address of the Secretaries, 1862.

Penobscot and Aroostook Union, L. Rog-Hampshire Franklin and Hampden, H. K. ers, Patten.

Piscataquis Central, E. B. Averill, Dover.
Sagadahoc, John H. Thompson, Topsham.
Somerset Central, Isaac Dyer, Skowhegan.
Waldo, Timothy Thorndike, Belfast.
Washington, William D. Dana, Perry.
West Oxford, G. B. Barrows, Fryeburg.
West Penobscot, T. P. Batchelder, Ken-Housatonic, Samuel B. Sumner, Great

CONNECTICUT.

State Agricultural Soc., Henry A. Dyer,
Hartford.

Hartford, F. A. Brown, Hartford.
New Haven, W. Webb, New Haven.
New London, H. L. Read, Jewett City.
Fairfield, John H. Sherwood, Southport.
Windham, Dr. J. B. Whitcomb, Brooklyn.
Litchfield, Wm. Humphrey, Jr., Litchfield.
Middlesex, D. Barnes, Middletown.
Tolland, E. E. Marvin, Rockville.
Greenwoods, Hiram Perkins, Winsted.
Woodbridge and Bethany, Minot Augur,
I Woodbridge.

FARMERS' CLUBS

In Massachusetts, with the Names of the

Greenfield, J. S. Grennell.
Harvard, T. Bull.
Hingham, T. T. Bouve.
Holliston, Austin G. Fitch.
Hopkinton, William H. Lin-
coln.
Lee, Alexander Hyde.
Leominster, James Bennett.
Lexington, H. Holmes.
Lunenburg, W. H. Jones.
Milton, Dr. J. R. Webster.
New Braintree, M. H. Fay.
Northboro', Jon. Bartlett.
North Reading, G. F. Flint.
N. Stockbridge and Lenox,
Charles M. Sears, Lenox.
N. Wrentham, S. E. Fales.
Princeton, E. E. Hartwell.