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Reflections on its causes---War proved not to increase the price of Corn Popular commotions in the Capital--Parliament convened---The King's Speech-- Legislative measures adopted for averting the effects of the scarcity--Wise principles of political economy entertained by Mr. Pitt---Mr. Tierney moves an inquiry into the State of the Nation---Motion rejected by one hundred and fifty-seven to thirty-seven--- Principles avowed by the Northern powers--- Incompatible with the maritime greatness and commercial interests of Great Britain---Contrary to the established Law of Nations---Meeting of the Imperial Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland---New title assumed by the King---Reflections on the abandonment of the old title of King of France--Mr. Addington again elected Speaker of the House of Commons---Difference between the King and his Ministers on the Catholic Question--- Mr. Pitt's former declarations on this subject referred to--- Remarks on the conditions which Mr. Pitt had declared to be necessary for the adoption of the proposed measure---These condi tions shewn not to exist---No pledge given by Mr. Pitt to the Irish Papists to bring forward the Question of giving them further indulgences---Mr. Dundas commissioned to open the matter to the King---Result of the conference--Examination of the arguments in favour of the Question

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The Coronation Oath---The King complete, master of the subject---Refuses to yield his conscience to the force of metaphysical subtleties---His Majesty resolutely rejects the proposal of his Ministers---Mr. Pitt a sincere friend to the Established Church---Remarks on the new Test, which he meant to introduce as a substitute for the existing Test--Its efficacy denied--- Mr. Pitt deceived as to the Catholic Question---Inefficacy of the proposed measure maintained--That measure at variance with the general principle of Mr. Pitt's policy Probable cause of his conduct on this occasion

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Reflections on the imputed change in the principles of modern Papists---Existence of such charge disproved by the pastoral letter of Dr. Troy--The fourth Council of Lateran imposes obligations on a Papist incompatible with his duty to a Protestant Government-- The Papists of Ireland should have been called upon to renounce the principles contained in the decrees of that Council---Distinction drawn between toleration and encouragement--- Mr. Pitt and his principal colleagues tender their résignations to the King; but offer to remain in place till a new Ministry is formed---The Imperial Parliament opened by the King--Speech from the Throne---Debate on the Address in the House of Commons--- Speech of Mr. Grey--- His sentiments incompatible with the principles of the Old Whigs

-Ministers defended by Mr. Pitt---Address carried--Lord Grenville, in the House of Peers, avows the Catholic Question to be the cause of the change of the Ministry ---Mr. Pitt opens the Budget---Takes a view of the prosperous state of the Country--- New Ministry--- Mr. Addington, Premier--- Mr. Pitt and his friends promise to support the new Ministers---General character of the new Administration---Mr.Pitt and Mr.Dundas explain their conduct in the House of Commons---Papers circulated among the Papists of Ireland by Lord Cornwallis--- Animadversions on these papers---General remarks on the conduct of Mr. Pitt.

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[1800.] After the unexpected discomfiture of the Russian army at the close of the last campaign, and the consequent triumph of the French arms in Switzerland, by which one main part of the plan of that campaign had been defeated, a total change took place in the com

mand and disposition of the allied forces. The wayward disposition of the Russian, Emperor, Paul, little inclined to listen to a calm investigation of facts, and easily led away by the hasty impulses of passion, had conceived an insuperable disgust at the unexpected disasters which had befallen his troops, in Switzerland and in Holland; and he, in consequence, recalled his whole army from the scene of action, and, instead of loading the conqueror of Italy with additional honours, he heaped insults on that venerable head which bowed beneath the weight of well-earned laurels, and left Suworrow dejected and forlorn, to die of a broken-heart, the sad victim of injustice and ingratitude. The Archduke Charles, too, who gave fair promise of emulating the example of that renowned warrior, had, by the crooked policy, and ruinous influence, of the Aulic Council, which had controuled all his operations, and thwarted all his views, been deprived of the command of the Austrian troops. The Austrians, in Germany, were now led by the veteran, General Kray; while Melas continued to command the imperial force employed in Italy. The first operation of any consequence, on the side of Italy, was the siege of Genoa, by the Austrians, who were assisted by an English squadron, under the command of Lord Keith. Massena defended the

city. After a series of actions, in which many thousand lives were lost on both sides; Genoa surrendered to the Austrians on the fourth of June.

Meantime, Buonaparté collected a powerful army of reserve, in the plains of Burgundy, of which he took the command, about the middle of May. Having effected the passage of the Alps with little opposition, he entered the plains of Lombardy; and advancing, with rapidity, compelled the Austrians to evacuate Milan and Pavia. Crossing the Po, he attacked at body of Austrians at Montebello, and forced them to retire. Melas, whose inactivity was unaccountable, had neglected to oppose any adequate resistance to the inroads of the enemy, and was so badly informed of his movements, that he thought Buonaparté was at Dijon at the time when he was in Lombardy. Being, at last, however, awakened from his lethargy, he marched to encounter the victorious army. On the 16th of June, a general action took place, near the village of Marengo, which, during nine hours, raged with great fury. About four in the afternoon, the Austrians had completely driven in every division of the French, and were on the point of obtaining a complete victory. At this critical period, the French General, Desaix, who had been taken prisoner on his return from Egypt,

and imprudently liberated in time to be present at this action, proposed to Buonaparte to point some pieces of artillery against a particular part of the Austrian column, which, in the pursuit, had been injudiciously weakened; and if he made the impression which he expected, he intended to improve the advantage by bringing up the reserve, under his own command. Buonaparté was, at this time, so confused at his discomfiture, and so enraged, that he had lost all presence of mind, and was incapable of giving any distinct orders. Desaix, then, was left to follow the dictates of his own judgment; he executed the proposed manœuvre; it was productive of the expected effect; he led on his division with great gallantry and resolution, and turned the tide of victory in favour of the French. He fell, however, in the attempt. The battle lasted till the close of the day, when the French remained masters of the field. To the capture of the Austrian General, Zach, as he was hastening to give the necessary orders for repairing the confusion occasioned by the attack of Desaix, may the disastrous issue of this battle be principally ascribed. Still the loss of the French was more considerable than that of the Austrians; the former was stated, by accounts most to be relied on, to be from 12 to 14,000 men; while that of the latter did not

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