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the most effectual manner, to the improvement of the commerce, and the preservation of the liberties, of his Majesty's subjects in Ireland."

This address having passed the House of Commons, was communicated to the Lords, in a conference, on the ninth of May. The Lords themselves had previously made some slight alterations in the resolutions which the Commons had approved; and the address, now receiving their sanction, was made the joint address of the two houses, and was presented, as such, to the King. His Majesty, in his answer, expressed the greatest satisfaction at their proceedings, and engaged to communicate, without delay, to his Parliament of Ireland, the sentiments and declarations contained in the address, "The disposition which had been manifested by his Parliaments, in both kingdoms, afforded his Majesty the best pledge of the speedy and prosperous conclusion of the great measure of the Union; an event to which he looked forward with the most anxious expectation, as tending, above all others, to secure and perpetuate the happiness of all his subjects."

The resolutions were accordingly transmitted to Ireland; in a short time they received the final sanction of the Parliaments of both kingdoms, and, afterwards, the royal fiat, on the 2d of July. Thus, at length, was this most

important regulation placed on the statute book of the realm. It required the clear and comprehensive mind of Mr. Pitt to perceive the neces sity, and to foresee the advantages, of an incorporate Union; and all his bold and enterprizing spirit to persevere in the means necessary for its accomplishment, in opposition to difficulties which, to many, appeared insurmountable, and to a torrent of prejudice which it seemed impracticable to stem. It was the observation of one, who well understood the real interests of the British empire, and whose learning, sagacity, and wisdom, rendered him not only an ornament to the to the country which gave him birth, but an honour to human nature, that, "If England, Scotland, and Ireland were united, it would be such a trefoil, as no other sovereign wears in his crown.'

Lou Bacon.

CHAPTER XLIV.

Transactions in Egypt after the battle of the Nile-Means adopted by Buonaparté for securing his conquest-Blasphemous proclamations an essential part of his moral artillery -Converts the koran of Mahomet into a code of Jacobinism-Holds a divan, and establishes an Institute at Grand Cairo-Insurrection in that city-Buonaparté resolves to besiege St. John of Acra-Jaffa taken by assault-Deliberate murder of three thousand eight hundred Turkish prisoners within a mile of the town-Reasons assigned for this barbarous deed-Orders five hundred and eighty of his own sick soldiers to be poisoned in the hospital at JaffaNoble conduct of a French physician on that occasionBlasphemous letter of Buonaparté to Ghezzar Pacha Governor of Acra-Arrival of Sir Sidney Smith with some British vessels at Acra-The French lay siege to the place -Their train of artillery taken by the British ships— Various ineffectual assaults on the town-Gallant conduct of the British Admiral-The French make some practicable breaches in the walls-Various ineffectual assaults on the town-Strong mark of Ghezzar's attachment to the English-A Turkish reinforcement arrives-The Turks, led on by the English, repulse the French on all sidesTreachery of Buonaparté-He abandons the siege and returns to Egypt-Prefers a charge of cruelty against Sir Sidney Smith-Its falsehood demonstrated-Communica

tion between Buonaparté and Tippoo Sultaun-Projects of Tippoo for the extirpation of the British from India-His treaty with the French-Wisdom, vigour, and decision, displayed by Lord Mornington, Governor-General of India, in counteracting the machinations of the enemy-Entrance of the British army into the Mysore-Capture of Seringapatam-Death of Tippoo-Buonaparté deserts his post in Egypt, and returns to France-State of the French army at the period of his departure-Falsehoods contained in his valedictory address to his troops-His Letter to Kleber -Military operations on the Continent of Europe-Relative force of the hostile armies-The French enter Suabia without any previous declaration of war-Military operations in Germany-In the country of the Grisons-And in the Tyrol-The Archduke Charles compels General Jourdan to evacuate Suabia-The French expelled from the Grisons-Actions in Switzerland-The Archduke attacks the French position before Zurich-Desperate engagement -Massena evacuates the post-Operations in Italy-Successive defeats of the French, under Scherer, by Generals Kaim and Kray-Battle near Verona, gained by the Austrians-Retreat of the French beyond the Mincio-Arrival of Marshal Suwarrow, with 20,000 Russians-Defeats the French on the Adda-The allies enter Milan-Moreau, who has succeeded Scherer, falls back upon Turin-Loss of the French from the commencement of the campaign -Moreau's head quarters at Coni-The allies enter Turin and besiege the citadel-General Macdonald, with the army of Naples, arrives in Tuscany---Endeavours to form a junction with Moreau---Is defeated with great loss, and returns to Tuscany---Force of the Allies at this period--Macdonald again evacuates Tuscany, and joins Moreau--Surrender of Alexandria to the Allies---Mantua capitu lates---The French, under Joubert, seek to raise the siege of Tortona---Battle of Novi---Suwarrow attacks the

French in a most advantageous position-Is repulsed three different times---General Joubert killed---Skilful manœuvre of General Melas---The French position carried---Great loss sustained by the French in this action--Suwarrow departs for Switzerland---Arrival of General Korsakow and a Russian army in Switzerland---Strange , conduct of the Archduke Charles-Mysterious policy of the Austrian cabinet---The Archduke leaves Switzerland, at the moment when his success was certain---The Russians and Austrians defeated by Massena---General Hoetze killed ---The Russians, under Korsakow, evacuate Switzerland--Perilous situation of Suwarrow---Massena marches against him---Suwarrow defeats the French in different actions--Makes good his retreat to Germany---Object of the campaign frustrated by the unprincipled conduct of Austria--British expedition against Holland---The first division of the army lands at the Helder---Surrender of the Dutch fleet to Admiral Mitchell---Arrival of the Russian auxiliaries in Holland---The Duke of York takes the command of the allied force---The Allies advance---Defeat the French and Dutch in different engagements---Misconduct of the Russians, in two of the actions---The Allies resolve to evacuate the country---Reflections on their situation---Their means of obtaining the most favourable terms---Convention concluded with the French General ---Its conditions considered---The British troops withdrawn from Holland---The Dutch colony of Surinam surrendered to the British.

[1799-1800.] While Mr. Pitt was intent on consolidating the strength of the empire, by internal regulations, equally calculated to promote its present security, and to ensure its

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