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liveth, I will not leave thee. So they came to Jericho.

5 And the sons of the prophets that were at Jericho came to Elisha, and said unto him, Knowest thou that the LORD will take away thy master from thy head to-day? And he answered, Yea, I know it; hold ye your peace.

6 And Elijah said unto him, Tarry, I pray thee, here; for the LORD hath sent me to Jordan. And he said, As the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave thee. And they two went on.

7 And fifty men of the sons of the prophets went, and stood to view afar off: and they two stood by Jordan.

⚫ in sight, or, over against, 1 Kings 19. 13, 19. calves was set up, and at Jericho, which was lately built in defiance of a divine curse. At Jerusalem, and in the kingdom of Judah, they had priests and Levites, and the temple service, the want of which, in the kingdom of Israel, God graciously made up by those colleges, where men were trained up and employed in the exercises of religion and devotion, and whither good people resorted to solemnize the appointed feasts with praying and hearing, when they had not conveniences for sacrifice or incense; and thus religion was kept up in a time of general apostacy. Much of God was among these prophets, and more were the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife; none of all the high priests were comparable to those two great men Elijah and Elisha, who, for aught we know, never attended in the temple at Jerusalem. These seminaries of religion and virtue, which Elijah, it is probable, had been instrumental to found, he now visits, before his departure, to instruct, encourage, and bless them. Note, Those that are going to heaven themselves, ought to be concerned for those they leave behind them on earth, and to leave with them their experiences, testimonies, counsels, and prayers, 2 Pet. 1. 15. When Christ said, with triumph, Now I am no more in the world, he added, with tenderness, But these are; Father, keep them.

8 And Elijah took his mantle, and wrapped it together, and smote the waters, and they were divided hither and thither; so that they two went over on dry ground.

9 And it came to pass, when they were gone over, that Elijah said unto Elisha, Ask what I shall do for thee, before I be taken away from thee. And Elisha said, I pray thee, let "a double portion of thy spirit be upon me.

10 And he said, Thou hast tasked a hard thing: nevertheless, if thou see me when I am taken from thee, it shall be so unto thee; but if not, it shall not be so.

11 And it came to pass, as they still went on,

g Ex. 14. 21. ver. 14. Josh. 3. 14-17. A Num. 27. 20. ↑ done hard in asking. V. 9-12. Here,

I. Elijah makes his will, and leaves Elisha his heir, now anointing him to be a prophet in his room, more than when he cast his mantle upon him, 1 Kings 19. 19.

1. Elijah, being greatly pleased with the constancy of Elisha's affection and attendance, bade him ask what he should do for him, what blessing he should leave him at parting; he does not say, (as Bishop Hall well observes,) "Ask of me when I am gone, in heaven I shall be better able to befriend thee," but, "Ask before I go." Our friends on earth may be spoken to, and can give us an answer, but we know not that we can have access to any friend in heaven, but Christ, and God in him; Abraham is ignorant of us.

2. Elisha, having this fair opportunity to enrich himself with the best riches, prays for a double portion of his spirit; he asks not for wealth, or honour, or exemption from trouble, but to be qualified for the service of God and his generation; he asks, (1.) For the Spirit; not that the gifts and graces of the Spirit were in Elijah's power to give, therefore he says not, "Give me the Spirit," (he knew very well it was God's gift,) but, "Let it be upon me, intercede with God for this, for me." Christ bade his disciples ask what they would, not one, but all, and promised to send the Spirit, with much more authority and assurance than Elijah could. (2.) For his spirit; because he was to be a prophet in his room, to carry on his work, to father the sons of the prophets, and face their enemies; because he had the same difficulties to encounter, and the same perverse generation to deal with, that he had, so that if he have not his spirit, he has not strength according to the day. (3.) For a double portion of his spirit; he does not mean double to what he had, but double to what the rest of the prophets had, from whom so much would not be expected as from Elisha, who had been brought up under Elijah. It is a holy ambition to covet earnestly the best gifts, and those which will render us most serviceable to God and our brethren. Note, We all ought, both ministers and people, to set before us the examples of our predecessors, to labour after their spirit, and to be earnest with God for that grace which carried them through their work, and enabled them to finish well,

IV. That the sons of the prophets had intelligence, (either from Elijah himself, or by the spirit of prophecy in some of their own society,) or suspected, by the solemnity of Elijah's farewell, that he was now shortly to be removed; and, 1. They told Elisha of it, both at Bethel, (v. 3,) and at Jericho; (v. 5,) Knowest thou that the Lord will take away thy master from thy head to-day? This they said, not as upbraiding him with his loss, or expecting that when his master was gone, he would be upon the level with them, but to show how full they were of the thoughts of this matter, and big with expectation of the event, and to admonish Elisha to prepare for the loss: know we not that our nearest relations, and dearest friends, must shortly be taken from us? The Lord will take them, we lose them not till he calls for them, whose they are, and who taketh away, and none can hinder him. He takes away superiors from our head, inferiors from our feet, equals from our arms; let us therefore carefully do the duty of every relation, that we may reflect upon it with comfort, when it comes to be dissolved. Elisha knew it too well, and sorrow had filled his heart upon this account, (as it did the disciples in a like case, John 16. 6,) and therefore he did not need to be told of it, did not care for hearing of it, and would not be interrupted in his contemplations on this great concern, or, in the least, diverted from his attendance upon his master; I know it, hold ye your peace: he speaks not this peevishly, or in contempt of the sons of the prophets, but as one that was himself, and would have them, composed and sedate, and with an awful silence expecting the event; I know it, be silent, Zech. 2. 13. 2. They went themselves to be witnesses of it at a distance, though they might not closely attend; (v. 7) Fifty of them stood to view afar off, intending to satisfysion, would likewise be of great use to him. The comforts of their own curiosity, but God so ordered it, that they might be eyewitnesses of the honour heaven did to that prophet, who was despised and rejected of men. God's works are well worthy our notice; when a door is opened in heaven, the call is, Come up hither, come and see.

V. That the miraculous dividing of the river Jordan was the preface to Elijah's translation into the heavenly Canaan, as it had been to the entrance of Israel into the earthly Canaan, v. 8. He must go on the other side Jordan, to be translated, because it was his native country, and that he might be near the place where Moses died, and that thus honour might be put on that part of the country, which was most despised. He and Elisha might have gone over Jordan by a ferry, as other passengers did, but God would magnify Elijah in his exit, as he did Joshua in his entrance, by the dividing of this river, Josh. 3. 7. As Moses with his rod divided the sea, so Elijah with his mantle divided Jordan, both, the insignia-the badges of their office; these waters, of old, yielded to the ark, now, to the prophet's mantle, which, to those that wanted the ark, was an equivalent token of God's presence. When God will take up his faithful ones to heaven, death is the Jordan which, immediately before their translation, they must pass through, and they find a way through it, a safe and comfortable way; the death of Christ has divided those waters, that the ransomed of the Lord may pass over; O death, where is thy sting! thy hurt, thy terror?

3. Elijah promises him that which he asked, but under two provisoes, v. 10. (1.) Provided he put a due value upon it, and esteem it highly: this he teaches him to do, by calling it a hard thing; not too hard for God to do, but too great for him to expect. Those are best prepared for spiritual blessings, that are most sensible of their worth, and their own unworthiness to receive them. (2.) Provided he kept close to his master, even to the last, and was observant of him: If thou see me when I am taken from thee, it shall be so, otherwise not. A diligent attendance upon his master's instructions, and a careful observance of his example, particularly now in his last scene, were the condition, and would be a proper means of obtaining much of his spirit: taking strict notice of the manner of his ascendeparting saints, and their experiences, will mightily help, both to gild our comforts, and to steel our resolutions. Or, perhaps, this was intended only as a sign; "If God favour thee so far as to give thee a sight of me when I ascend, take that for a token that he will do this for thee, and depend upon it." Christ's disciples saw him ascend, and were, thereupon, assured that they should, in a little time, be filled with his Spirit, Acts 1. 8. Elisha, we may suppose, hereupon, prayed earnestly, Lord, show me this token for good.

II. Elijah is carried up to heaven in a fiery chariot, v. 11. Like Enoch, he was translated, that he should not see death; and was (as Mr. Cowley expresses it)

"The second man that leap'd the ditch Where all the rest of mankind fell, And went not downward to the sky." Many curious questions might be asked about this matter, which could not be answered. Let it suffice that we are here told,

1. What his Lord, when he came, found him doing. He was talking with Elisha, instructing and encouraging him, directing him in his work, and quickening him to it, for the good of those whom he left behind. He was not meditating or praying, as one wholly taken up with the world he was going to, but engaged in edifying discourse, as one concerned about the kingdom of God among men. We mistake, if we think our preparation

and talked, that, behold, there appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, and parted them both asunder; and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven.

12 And Elisha saw it, and he cried, My father, my father! the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof! And he saw him no more: and he took hold of his own clothes, and rent them in two pieces.

13 He took up also the mantle of Elijah that fell from him, and went back, and stood by the *bank of Jordan:

i c. 6. 17. Ps. 104. 4. & c. 13. 14. lip. ver. 8.

for heaven is carried on only by contemplation, and the acts of devotion. Usefulness to others will pass as well in our account as any thing. Thinking of divine things is good, but talking of them (if it come from the heart) is better, because for edification, I Cor. 14. 4. Christ ascended as he was blessing his disciples.

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14 And he took the mantle of Elijah that fell from him, and smote the waters, and said, Where is the LORD God of Elijah? And when he also had smitten the waters,' they parted hither and thither: and Elisha went over.

15 And when the sons of the prophets, which were to view at Jericho, saw him, they said, The spirit of Elijah doth rest on Elisha. And they came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground before him.

16 And they said unto him, Behold now, there be with thy servants fifty 'strong men; let them go, m ver.7. ↑ eons of strength.

could have served him for ever. 3. He gave him a very honourable character, as the reason why he thus lamented the loss of him. (1.) He himself had lost the guide of his youth; My father, my father! he saw his own condition like that of a fatherless child thrown upon the world, and laments it accordingly. Christ, when he left his disciples, did not leave them orphans, (John 14. 15,) but Elijah must. (2.) The public had lost its best guard; he was the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof, He would have brought them all to heaven, as in this chariot, if it had not been their own fault; they used not chariots and horses in their wars, but Elijah was to them, by his counsels, reproofs, and prayers, better than the strongest force of chariot and horse, and kept off the judgments of God; his departure was like the routing of an army, an irreparabie loss. Better have lost all our men of war than this man of God.

V. 13-18. We have here an account of what followed immediately after the rapture of Elijah.

I. The tokens of God's presence with Elisha, and the marks of his elevation into Elijah's room, to be, as he had been, a father to the sons of the prophets, and the chariot and horsemen of Israel,

2. What convoy his Lord sent for him; a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, which appeared either descending upon them from the clouds, or (as Bishop Patrick thinks) running toward them upon the ground: in this form the angels appeared. The souls of all the faithful are carried by an invisible guard of angels into the bosom of Abraham; but Elijah being to carry his body with him, this heavenly guard was visible, not in a human shape, as usual, though they might so have borne him up in their arms, or carried him as on eagles' wings, but that had been to carry him like a child, like a lamb, (Is. 40. 11, 31,) they appear in the form of a chariot and horses, that he may ride in state, may ride in triumph, like a prince, like a conqueror, yea, more than a conqueror; the angels are called, in scripture, Cherubim and Seraphim, and their appearance here, though it may seem below their dignity, answers to both those names; for, (1.) Seraphim signifies fiery, and God is said to make them a flame of fire, Ps. 104. 4. (2.) Cherubim (as many think) signifies chariots, and they are called the chariots of God, Ps. 68. 17. And he is said to ride upon a cherub, (Ps. 18. 10,) to which perhaps there is an allusion in Ezekiel's vision of four living creatures, and wheels, like horses and chariots; in Zechariah's vision they are so represented, Zech. 1.8.-6. 1. Com-upon with immortality: he was going to a world where he pare Rev. 6. 2, &c. See the readiness of the angels to do the will of God, even in the meanest services, for the good of them that shall be heirs of salvation. Elijah must remove to the world of angels, and therefore, to show how desirous they were of his company, some of them would come to fetch him; the chariot and horses appeared like fire, not for burning, but brightness, not to torture or consume him, but to render bis ascension conspicuous and illustrious in the eyes of those that stood afar off to view it. Elijah had burned with holy zeal for God and his honour, and now with a heavenly fire he was refined and translated.

3. How he was separated from Elisha; this chariot parted them both asunder. Note, The dearest friends must part; Elisha had protested he would not leave him, yet now is left behind by him.

4. Whither he was carried; he went up by a whirlwind into heaven; the fire tends upward, the whirlwind helped to carry him through the atmosphere, out of the reach of the magnetic virtue of this earth, and then how swiftly he ascended through the pure ether to the world of holy and blessed spirits, we cannot conceive.

"But where he stopp'd, will ne'er be known. 'Till phenix nature, aged grown, To a better being shall aspire, Mounting herself, like him, to eternity in fire."-CowLEY. Elijah had once, in a passion, wished he might die; yet God was so gracious to him, as not only not to take him at his word then, but to honour him with this singular privilege, that he should never see death; and by this instance, and that of Enoch, (1.) God showed how men should have left the world, if they had not sinned, not by death, but by a translation. (2.) He gave a glimpse of that life and immortality which are brought to light by the Gospel, of the glory reserved for the bodies of the saints, and the opening of the kingdom of heaven to all believers, as then to Elijah; it was also a figure of Christ's

ascension.

III. Elisha pathetically laments the loss of that great prophet, but attends him with an encomium, v. 12. 1. He saw it; thus he received the sign by which he was assured of the grant of his request for a double portion of Elijah's spirit; he looked steadfastly toward heaven, whence he was to expect that gift, as the disciples did, Acts 1. 10. He saw it a while, but the vision was presently out of his sight; and he saw him no more. 2. He rent his own clothes, in token of the sense he had of his own and the public loss; though Elijah was gone triumphantly to heaven, yet this world could ill spare him, and therefore his removal ought to be much regretted by the survivors. Surely their hearts are hard, whose eyes are dry, when God, by taking away faithful useful men, calls for weeping and mourning, Though Elijah's departure made way for Elisha's eminency, especially since he was now sure of a double portion of his spirit, yet he lamented the loss of him, for he loved him, and

1. He was possessed of Elijah's mantle, the badge of his office, which, we may suppose, he put on, and wore, for his master's sake, v. 13. When Elijah went to heaven, though he did not let fall his body as others do, he let fall his mantle instead of it; for he was unclothed, that he might be clothed needed not the mantle, either to adorn him, or to shelter him from weather, or to wrap his face in, as 1 Kings 19. 13. He left his mantle as a legacy to Elisha, and though in itself it was of small value, yet as it was a token of the descent of the Spirit upon him, it was more than if he had bequeathed to him thousands of gold and silver. Elisha took it up, not as a sacred relic to be worshipped, but as a significant garment to be worn, and a recompense to him for his own garments which he had rent; he loved this cloak ever since it was first cast over him, 1 Kings 19. 19. He that then so cheerfully obeyed the summons of it, and became Elijah's servant, is now dignified with it, and becomes his successor. There are remains of great and good men, which, like this mantle, ought to be gathered up and preserved by the survivors, their sayings, their writings, their examples, that as their works follow them in the reward of them, they may stay behind in the benefit of them.

2. He was possessed of Elijah's power to divide Jordan, v. 14. Having parted with his father, he returns to his sons in the schools of the prophets; Jordan was between him and them, it had been divided to make way for Elijah to his glory, he will try whether it will divide to make way for him to his business, and by that he will know that God is with him, and that he has the double portion of Elijah's spirit; Elijah's last miracle shall be Elisha's first; thus he begins where he left off, and there is no vacancy. In dividing the waters, (1.) He made use of Elijah's mantle, as Elijah himself had done, (v. 8,) to signify that he designed to keep to his master's methods, and would not introduce any thing new, as those affect to do, that think themselves wiser than their predecessors. (2.) He applied himself to Elijah's God, Where is the Lord God of Elijah? He does not ask, "Where is Elijah?" either as poring upon the loss of him, as if he could not be easy now that he was gone, or as doubting of his happy state, as if, like the sons of the prophets here, he knew not what was become of him, or as curiously inquiring concerning him, and the particulars of that state he was removed to; no, that is a hidden life, it does not yet appear what we shall be; nor as expecting help from him; no, Elijah is happy, but is neither omniscient nor omnipotent: but he asks, Where is the Lord God of Elijah? Now that Elijah was taken to heaven, God had abundantly proved himself the God of Elijah; if he had not prepared for him that city, and done better for him there than ever he did for him in this world, he would have been ashamed to be called his God, Heb. 11. 16. Matt. 27. 31, 32. Now that Elijah was taken to heaven, Elisha inquired, [1.] After God; when our creature comforts are removed, we have a God to go to, that lives for ever. [2.] After the God of Elijah, the God that Elijah served, and honoured, and pleaded for, and adhered to, when all Israel had deserted him. This honour is done to those who cleave to God in times of general apostacy, that God will be, in a peculiar manner, their God. "The God that owned, and protected, and provided for Elijah, and, many ways, honoured him, especially now at last, where is he? Lord, am not I promised Elijah's spirit? Make good that promise." The words which

we pray thee, and seek thy master; lest peradventure the "Spirit of the LORD hath taken him up, and cast him upon some mountain, or into some yalley. And he said, Ye shall not send.

17 And when they urged him till he was ashamed, he said, Send. They sent, therefore, fifty men; and they sought three days, but found him not.

18 And when they came again to him, (for he tarried at Jericho,) he said unto them, Did I not say unto you, Go not?

19 And the men of the city said unto Elisha, Behold, I pray thee, the situation of this city is pleasant, as my lord seeth: but the water is naught, and the ground barren.

20 And he said, Bring me a new cruse, and put salt therein. And they brought it to him.

21 And he went forth unto the spring of the waters, and cast_the_salt in there, and said, Thus saith the LORD, I have healed these waters; there shall not be from thence any more death, or barren? land.

22 So the waters were healed unto this day, according to the saying of Elisha which he spake. 23 And he went up from thence unto Beth-el: and as he was going up by the way, there came forth little children out of the city, and mocked him, and said unto him, Go up, thou bald head; go up, thou bald head.

Matt. 27. 29, &c.

Gen. 9. 25,

24 And he turned back, and looked on them, and cursed 'them in the name of the LORD. And there came forth two she-bears out of the wood, and tare forty and two children of them. Ps. 107. 33, 34. Job 19. 18. 30. 1, 8, &c. Judg. 9. 20, 57. Lam. 3. 65. those walls that were built by iniquity, we find a nursery of piety. Fools, they say, build houses for wise men to dwell in. Here the wealth of the sinner provided a habitation for the just. We find Christ at Jericho, Luke 19. 1. Hither Elisha came, to confirm the souls of the disciples with a more particular account of Elijah's translation than their spies could give them, who saw it at a distance. Here he stayed while the fifty men were searching for him,

n1 Kings 18. 12. Acts 8. 39. one of the mountains. causing to miscarry. o Lev. 2. 13. Matt. 5. 13. Mark 9. 50. p Ex. 15. 25. c. 4. 41. Ez. 47. S, 9. next follow in the original, Aph-his-even he, which we join to the following clause, when he also had smitten the waters, some make an answer to this question, Where is Elijah's God? Etiam ille adhuc superest-" He is in being still, and nigh at hand; we have lost Elijah, but we have not lost Elijah's God; he has not forsaken the earth, it is even he that is still with me." Note, First, It is the duty and interest of the saints on earth to inquire after God, and apply themselves to him as the Lord God of the saints that are gone before to heaven, the God of our fathers. Secondly, It is very comfortable to those who inquire after God, that they know where to find him; it is even he that is in his holy temple, (Ps. 11. 4,) and nigh to all who call upon him, Ps. 145. 18. Thirdly, Those that walk in the spirit and steps of their godly faithful predecessors, shall certainly experience the same grace that they experienced; Elijah's God will be Elisha's too; the Lord God of the holy prophets is the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever; and what will it avail us to have the mantles of those that are gone, their 'places, their books, if we have not their spirit, their God? 3. He was possessed of Elijah's interest in the sons of the prophets, v. 15. Some of the fellows of the college of Jericho, who had placed themselves conveniently near Jordan, to see what passed, were surprised to see Jordan divided before Elisha in his return, and took that as a convincing evidence that the spirit of Elijah did rest upon him, and that therefore they ought to pay the same respect and deference to him, that they had done to Elijah. Accordingly, they went to meet him, to congratulate him on his safe passage through fire and water, and the honour God had put upon him; and they bowed them selves to the ground before him: they were trained up in the schools, Elisha was taken from the plough, yet, when they perceive that God is with him, and that this is the man whom he delights to honour, they readily submit to him, as their head and father, as the people to Joshua, when Moses was dead,ployed, and their faith and obedience tried. God's works of Josh. 1. 17. Those that appear to have God's Spirit and presence with them, ought to have our esteem and best affections, notwithstanding the meanness of their extraction and education. Whomsoever God honours, we must. This ready submission of the sons of the prophets, no doubt, was a great encouragement to Elisha, and helped to clear his call.

II. The needless search which the sons of the prophets made for Elijah. 1. They suggested it possible that he was dropped, either alive or dead, upon some mountain, or in some valley; and it would be a satisfaction to them, if they sent some strong men, whom they had at command, in quest of him, v. 16. Some of them perhaps started this as a demurrer to the choice of Elisha; Let us first be sure that Elijah is quite gone. Can we think Elijah thus neglected by heaven, that chosen vessel thus cast away as a vessel in which was no pleasure?" 2. Elisha consented not to their motion, till they overcame him with importunity, v. 17. They urged him till he was ashamed to oppose it any further, lest he should be thought wanting in his respect to his old master, or loath to resign the mantle again. Wise men may yield to that, for the sake of peace, and the good opinion of others, which yet their judgment is against as needless and fruitless. 3. The issue made them as much ashamed of their proposal, as they, by their importunity, had made Elisha ashamed of his opposing it. Their messengers, after they had tired themselves with fruitless search, returned with a non est inventus-he is not to be found, and gave Elisha an opportunity of upbraiding his friends with their folly; Did I not say unto you, Go not? v. 18. This would make them the more willing to acquiesce in his judgment another time. Traversing hills and valleys, will never bring us to Elijah, but the imitation of his holy faith and zeal will, in due time.

V. 19-25. Elisha had, in this respect, a double portion of Elijah's spirit, that he wrought more miracles than he did. Some reckon them in number just double. Two are recorded in these verses a miracle of mercy to Jericho, and a miracle of judgment to Bethel, Ps. 101. 1.

I. Here is a blessing upon the waters of Jericho, which was effectual to heal them. Jericho was built in disobedience to a command, in defiance to a threatening, and at the expense of the lives of all the builder's children; yet, when it was built, it was not ordered to be demolished again, nor were God's prophets or people forbidden to dwell in it, but even within

And, 1. The men of Jericho represented to him their griev
ance, v. 19. God's faithful prophets love to be employed; it
is wisdom to make use of them, the little while that their light
is with us. They had not applied themselves to Elijah con-
cerning the matter, perhaps because he was not so easy of
access as Elisha was; but now, we may hope, by the influence
of the divinity school in their city, they were reformed. The
situation was pleasant, and afforded a good prospect; but they
had neither wholesome water to drink, nor fruitful soil to yield
them food; and what pleasure could they take then in their
prospect? Water is a common mercy, which we should esti-
mate by the greatness of the calamity which the want or un-
wholesomeness of it would be. Some think that it was not all
the ground about Jericho, that was barren, and had bad water,
but some one part only, and that where the sons of the prophets
had their lodgings, who are here called the men of the city.
2. He soon redressed their grievance. Prophets should en-
deavour to make every place they come to, some way or other,
the better for them, endeavouring to sweeten bitter spirits, and
to make barren souls fruitful, by the due application of the
word of God. Elisha will heal their waters; but, (1.) They
must furnish him with salt in a new cruse, v. 20. If salt had
been proper to season the water, yet what could so small a
quantity do towards it, and what the better for being in a new
cruse? But thus they that would be helped, must be em-

grace are wrought, not by any operations of ours, but in our
observance of his institutions. (2.) He cast the salt into the
spring of the waters, and so healed the streams, and the ground
they watered. Thus the way to reform men's lives, is, to
renew their hearts; let those be seasoned with the salt of grace,
for out of them are the issues of life. Make the tree good, and
the fruit will be good. Purify the heart, and that will cleanse
the hands. (3.) He did not pretend to do this by his own
power, but in God's name; Thus saith the Lord, I have healed
these waters. He is but the instrument, the channel through
which God is pleased to convey this healing virtue. By doing
them this kindness with a Thus saith the Lord, they would be
made the more willing, hereafter, to receive from him a re-
proof, admonition, or command, with the same preface. If, in
God's name, he can help them, in God's name, let him teach
and rule them. Thus saith the Lord, out of Elisha's mouth,
must, ever after, be of mighty force with them. (4.) The cure
was lasting, and not for the present only, The waters were healed
unto this day, v. 22. What God doeth, it shall be for ever, Ec.
3. 14. When he by his Spirit, heals a soul, there shall be no
more death nor barrenness; the property is altered; what was
useless and offensive, becomes grateful and serviceable.
II. Here is a curse upon the children of Bethel, which was
effectual to destroy them; for it was not a curse causeless.
At Bethel there was another school of prophets, thither Elisha
goes next, in this his primary visitation; the scholars there, no
doubt, welcomed him with all possible respect, but the towns-
men were abusive to him. One of Jeroboam's calves was at
Bethel; this they were proud of, and fond of, and hated them
that reproved them. The law did not empower them to sup-
press this pious academy, but we may suppose it was their
usual practice to jeer the prophets as they went along the streets,
to call them by some nickname or other, that they might expose
them to contempt, prejudice their youth against them, and, if
possible, drive them out of their town. Had the abuse done to
Elisha, been the first offence of that kind, it is probable that it
would not have been so severely punished. But mocking the
messengers of the Lord, and misusing the prophets, was one of
the crying sins of Israel, as we find, 2 Chr. 36. 16. Now
here we have,

1. An instance of that sin. The little children of Bethel (the boys and girls that were playing in the streets, notice, it is

25 And he went from thence to mount Carmel; | but not like his father, and like his mother; for he and from thence he returned to Samaria. put away the image of 'Baal that his father had made.

CHAPTER III.

We are now called to attend the public affairs of Israel, in which we shall find Elisha concerned. Here is, 1. The general character of Jehoram king of Israel,

1-3. II. A war with Moab, in which Jehoram and his allies were engaged, v. 4-8. III. The straits which the confederate army were reduced to in their expedition against Moab, and their consulting of Elisha in that distress, with campaign, (v. 20-25,) and the barbarous method the king of Moab took to oblige the confederate army to retire, v. 26, 27. The house of Ahab is doomed to destruction; and though in this chapter we have both its character and its condition better than before, yet the threatened ruin is not far off.

the answer of peace he gave them, v. 9-19. IV. The glorious issue of this

NOW Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned twelve

years.

2 And he wrought evil in the sight of the LORD; a c. 1. 17. statue. 1 Kings 16. 32. c 1 Kings 12. 28-32. likely, being come to the town of his approach) went out to meet him, not with their hosannas, as they ought to have done, but with their scoffs; they gathered about him, and mocked him, as if he had been a fool, or one fit to make sport with among other things that they used to jeer the prophets with, they had this particular taunt for him, Go up thou bald-head; Go up thou bald-head. It is a wicked thing to reproach any for their natural infirmities or deformities; it is adding affliction to the afflicted; and if they are as God made them, the reproach reflects upon him. But this was such a thing as scarcely deserved to be called a blemish, and would never have been turned to his reproach, if they had had any thing else to reproach him with. It was his character as a prophet, that they designed to abuse. The honour God had crowned him with, should have been sufficient to cover his bald head, and protect him from their scoffs. They bade him go up, perhaps reflecting on the assumption of Elijah: "Thy master," they

say,

is gone up; why dost not thou go up after him? Where is the fiery chariot? When shall we be rid of thee too?" These children said as they were taught; they had learned of their idolatrous parents to call foul names, and give bad language, especially to prophets. Perhaps their parents did, at the same time, send them out, and set them on, that, if possible, they might keep the prophet out of their town.

2. A specimen of that ruin which came upon Israel, at last, for misusing God's prophets, and of which this was intended to give them fair warning. Elisha heard their taunts, a good while, with patience; but, at length, the fire of holy zeal for God was kindled in his breast by the continued provocation, and he turned and looked upon them, to try if a grave and severe look would put them out of countenance, and oblige them to retire; to see if he could discern in their faces any marks of ingenuousness: but they were not ashamed, neither could they blush; and therefore he cursed them in the name of the Lord, both imprecated and denounced the following judgment, not in personal revenge for the indignity done to himself, but as the mouth of divine justice to punish the dishonour done to God. His summons was immediately obeyed: two she-bears (bears perhaps robbed of their whelps) came out of an adjacent wood, and presently killed 42 children, v. 24. Now in this, (1.) The prophet must be justified, for he did it by divine impulse. Had the curse come from any bad principle, God would not have said Amen to it. We may think it had been better to have called for two rods for the correction of these children, than two bears for the destruction of them. But Elisha knew, by the Spirit, the bad character of these children, what a generation of vipers they were, and what mischievous enemies they would be to God's prophets, if they should live to be men, who began so early to be abusive to them. He intended hereby to punish the parents, and to make them afraid of God's judgments. (2.) God must be glorified, as a righteous God that hates sin, and will reckon for it, even in little children. Let the hideous shrieks and groans of this wicked wretched brood make our flesh tremble for fear of God. Let little children be afraid of speaking wicked words, for God notices what they say. Let them not mock at any for their defects in mind or body, but pity them rather; especially let them know that it is at their peril, if they jeer God's people or ministers, and scoff at any for well doing. Let parents that would have comfort in their childrea, train them up well, and do their utmost betimes to drive out the foolishness that is bound up in their hearts; for, (as Bishop Hall says,) "In vain do we look for good of those children włose education we have neglected; and in vain do we grieve or those miscarriages which our care might have prevented." Elisha comes to Bethel, and fears not the revenges of the bereaved parents; God, who bade him do what he did, he knew would bear him out. Thence he goes to mount Carmel, (v. 25,) where, it is probable, there was a religious house fit for retirement and contemplation. Thence he returned to Samaria, where, being a public place, this father of the prophets might be most serviceable. Bishop Hall observes here, "That he can never be a profitable seer, who is either always or never alone."

NOTES TO CHAPTER III.

V. 1-5. Jehoram, the son of Ahab, and brother of Ahaziah, is here upon the throne of Israel; and though he was but a bad man, yet two things are here recorded of him,

3 Nevertheless he cleaved unto the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, which made Israel to sin: he departed not therefrom.

4 And Mesha king of Moab was a sheep-master, and rendered unto the king of Israel an hundred thousand lambs, and an hundred thousand rams, with the wool.

5 But it came to pass, when Ahab was dead, that the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Israel.

6 And king Jehoram went out of Samaria the same time, and numbered all Israel.

7 And he went and sent to Jehoshaphat the king

d 2 Sam. 8. 2. Ps. 108. 9, 10. e Is. 16. 1. fc. 1. 1. 8. 20. 1. That he removed his father's idols. He did evil in many things, but not like his father Ahab, or his mother Jezebel, v. 2. Bad he was, but not so bad, so overmuch wicked, as Solomon speaks, Ec. 7. 17. Perhaps Jehoshaphat, though by his alliance with the house of Ahab he made his own family worse, did something toward making Ahab's better. Jehoram saw his father and brother cut off for worshipping Baal, and wisely took warning by God's judgments on them, and put away the image of Baal, resolving to worship the God of Israel only, and consult nene but his prophets. So far was well, yet it did not prevent the destruction of Ahab's family, nay, that destruction came in his days, and fell immediately upon him, (ch. 9. 24;) though he was one of the best of the family, for then the measure of its iniquity was full. Jehoram's reformation was next to none: for, (1.) He only put away the image of Baal which his father had made, and this, probably, in compliment to Jehoshaphat, who otherwise would not have come into confederacy with him, any more than with this brother, 1 Kings 22. 49. But he did not destroy the worship of Baal among the people, for Jehu found it prevalent, ch. 10. 19. It was well to reform his family, but it was not enough; he ought to have used his power for the reforming of his kingdom. (2.) When he put away the image of Baal, he maintained the worship of the calves, that politie sin of Jeroboam, v. 3. He departed not therefrom, because that was the state engine by which the division between the two tribes was supported. Those do not truly nor acceptably repent or reform, who only part with the sins that they lose by, but continue their affection to the sins that they get by. (3.) He only put away the image of Baal, he did not break it in pieces, as he ought to have done. He laid it aside for the present, yet not knowing but he might have occasion for it another time; and Jezebel, for reasons of state, was content to worship her Baal in private.

2. That he did what he could, to recover his brother's losses. As he had something more of the religion of an Israelite than his father, so he had something more of the spirit of a king than his brother. Moab rebelled against Israel immediately upon the death of his father, ch. 1. 1. And we do not find that Ahaziah made any attempt to chastise or reduce them, but tamely let go his interest in them rather than entertain the cares, undergo the fatigues, and run the hazards, of a war with them. His folly and pusillanimity herein, and his indifference to the public good, were the more aggravated, because the tribute which the king of Moab paid, was a very considerable branch of the revenue of the crown of Israel. An hundred thousand ambs, and an hundred thousand wethers, v. 4. The riches of kings then lay more in cattle than coin, and they thought it not below them to know the state of their flocks and herds themselves, because, as Solomon observes, the crown doth not endure to every generation, Prov. 27. 23, 24. Taxes were then paid, not so much in money, as in the commodities of the country, which was an ease to the subject, whether it were an advantage to the prince or no. The revolt of Moab was a great loss to Israel, yet Ahaziah sat still in sloth and ease. But an upper chamber in his house proved as fatal to him, as the high places of the field could have been, (ch. 1. 2;) and the breaking of his lattice let into his throne a man of a more active genius, that will not lose the dominion of Moab, without making, at least, one push for its preservation.

V. 6-19. Jehoram has no sooner got the sceptre into his hand, than he takes the sword into his hand, to reduce Moab. Crowns bring such cares and perils to the heads that wear them; no sooner in honour than in war. Now here we have,

I. The concerting of this expedition between Jehoram king of Israel and Jehoshapha king of Judah. Jehoram levied an army, (v. 6,) and such an opinion he had of the godly king of Judah, that, 1. He courted him to be his confederate: Wilt thou go with me against Moab? And he gained him. Jehoshaphai said, I will go up, I am as thou art, v. 7. Judah and Israel, though unhappily divided from each other, yet can unite against Moab, a common enemy. Jehoshaphat upbraids them not with their revolt from the house of David, nor makes it an article of their alliance, that they should return to their allegiance, though he had good reason to insist upon it, but treats with Israel as a sister kingdom. Those are no friends to their own peace and strength, who can never find in their hearts to forgive and forget an old injury, and unite with those that have formerly broken

of Judah, saying, The king of Moab hath rebelled against me: wilt thou go with me against Moab to battle? And he said, I will go up: I am as thou art, my people as thy people, and my horses as thy horses.

8 And he said, Which way shall we go up? And he answered, The way through the wilderness of Edom.

9 So the king of Israel went, and the king of Judah, and the king of Edom: and they fetched a compass of seven days' journey: and there was no water for the host, and for the cattle *that followed them.

10 And the king of Israel said, Alas! that the LORD hath called these three kings together, to deliver them into the hand of Moab!

11 But Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD, that we may inquire of the LORD by him? And one of the king of Israel's servants answered and said, Here is Elisha the son of Shaphat, which poured water on the hands of Elijah.

12 And Jehoshaphat said, The word of the LORD is with him. So the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, and the king of Edom, went down to him.

13 And Elisha said unto the king of Israel, 1 Kings 22. 4. at their feet, Ex. 11. 8. A 1 Kinga 22. 7.. i Luke 22. 27. John 13, 5, 14. 1 Tim. 5. 10. k Ez. 14. 3. Judg. 10. 14. Prov. 1. 28. Jer.

in upon their rights. Quod initio non valuit, tractu temporis invalescit-That which was originally destitute of authority, in the progress of time, acquires it. 2. He consulted him as his confidant, v. 8. He took advice of Jehoshaphat, who had more wisdom and experience than himself, which way they should make their descent upon the country of Moab; and he advised that they should not march against them the nearest way, over Jordan, but go round through the wilderness of Edom, that they might take the king of Edom (who was tributary to him) and his forces along with them: if two be better than one, much more will not a threefold cord be easily broken. Jehoshaphat had like to have paid dear for his joining with Ahab, yet he joins with his son, and this expedition also had like to have been fatal to him. There is nothing got by being yoked with unbelievers. II. The great straits that the army of the confederates was reduced to in this expedition. Before they saw the face of an enemy, they were all in danger of perishing for want of water, v. 9. This ought to have been considered before they ventured a march through the wilderness, the same wilderness, (or very near it,) where their ancestors wanted water, Num. 20. 2. God suffers his people, by their own improvidence, to bring themselves into distress, that the wisdom, power, and goodness of his providence may be glorified in their relief. What is more cheap and common than water? It is drink to every beast of the field; (Ps. 104. 11,) yet the want of it will soon humble and ruin kings and armies. The king of Israel sadly laments the present distress, and the imminent danger it put them in, of falling into the hands of their enemies the Moabites, to whom, when weakened by thirst, they would be an easy prey, v. 10. It was he that had called these kings together, yet he charges it upon Providence, and reflects upon that as unkind; The Lord has called them together. Thus the foolishness of man perverteth his way, and then his heart fretteth against the Lord, Prov. 19. 3.

III. Jehoshaphat's good motion to ask counsel of God in this exigence, v. 11. The place they were now in, could not but remind them of the wonders which their fathers told them of, the waters fetched out of the rock for Israel's seasonable supply. The thought of this, we may suppose, encouraged Jehoshaphat to ask, Is there not here a prophet of the Lord, like unto Moses? He was the more concerned, because it was by his advice that they fetched this compass through the wilderness, v. 8. It was well that Jehoshaphat inquired of the Lord now, but it had been much better if he had done it sooner, before he engaged in this war, or steered this course; so the distress might have been prevented. Good men are sometimes remiss and forgetful, and neglect their duty, till necessity and affliction drive them to it. IV. Elisha recommended as a proper person for them to consult with, v. 11. And here we may wonder, 1. That Elisha should follow the camp, especially in such a tedious march as this, as a volunteer, unasked, unobserved, and in no post of honour at all; not in the office of priest of the war, (Deut. 20. 2,) or president of the council of war, but in such obscurity, that none of the kings knew they had such a jewel in the treasures of their camp, nor so good a friend in their retinue. We may suppose it was by special direction from heaven, that Elisha attended the war, as the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen hereof. Thus does God go before his people with the blessing of his goodness, and provide his oracles for those that provide them not for themselves. It would often be bad with us, if God did not take more care of us, both for soul and body, than we for ourselves. 2. That a servant of the king of Israel knew of his being there, when the king himself did not. Probably it was such a servant as Obadiah was to his father Ahab, one that

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What have I to do with thee? Get 'thee to the prophets "of thy father, and to the prophets of thy mother. And the king of Israel said unto him, Nay: for the LORD hath called these three kings together, to deliver them into the hand of Moab.

14 And Elisha said, As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I stand, surely, were it not that I regard the presence of Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, I would not look toward thee, nor see thee.

15 But now bring me a minstrel. And it came to pass when the minstrel played, that the hand of the LORD came upon him.

16 And he said, Thus saith the LORD, Make this valley full of ditches:

17 For thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not see wind, neither shall ye see see rain; yet that valley shall be filled with water, that ye may drink, both ye, and your cattle, and your beasts.

18 And this is but a light thing in the sight of the LORD: he will deliver the Moabites also into your hand.

19 And ye shall smite every fenced city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all wells of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones.

o Pa. 15. 4. Deut. 20. 19, 20.

1 Sam. grieve.

2. 28. m 1 Kings 18. 19. n1 Kings 17. 1. c. 5. 16. 10. 5. g Ez. 1. 3. 3. 14. 8. 1. r c. 4. 3. feared the Lord; to such a one Elisha made himself known, not to the kings. The account he gives of him is, that it was he that poured water on the hands of Elijah, that is, he was his servant, and, particularly, attended him when he washed his hands. He that will be great, let him learn to minister: he that will rise high, let him begin low.

V. The application which the kings made to Elisha. They went down to him fo his quarters, v. 12. Jehoshaphat had such an esteem for a prophet with whom the word of the Lord was, that he would condescend to visit him in his own person, and not send for him up to him. The other two were moved by the straits they were in, to make their court to the prophet. He that humbled himself, was thus exalted, and looked great, when three kings came to knock at his door, and beg his assistance; see Rev. 3. 9.

VI. The entertainment which Elisha gave them.

1. He was very plain with the wicked king of Israel; (v. 13,) "What have I to do with thee? How canst thou expect an answer of peace from me? Get thee to the prophets of thy father and mother, whom thou hast countenanced and maintained in thy prosperity, and let them help thee now in thy distress." Elisha was not imposed upon, as Jehoshaphat was, by his partial and hypocritical reformation; he knew that though he had put away the image of Baal, Baal's prophets were still dear to him, and perhaps some of them were now in his camp. Go, said he, go to them. Get you to the gods whom ye have served, Judg. 10. 14. The world and the flesh have ruled you, let them help you: why should God be inquired of by you? Ez. 14. 3. Elisha tells him to his face, in a holy indignation at his wickedness, that he could scarcely find in his heart to look toward him, or to see him, v. 14. Jehoram is to be respected as a prince, but as a wicked man, he is a vile person, and is to be contemned, Ps. 15. 4. Elisha, as a subject, will honour him, but, as a prophet, he will make him to know his iniquity. For them that had such an extraordinary commission, it was fit (though not for a common person) to say to a king, Thou art wicked, Job 34. 18. Jehoram has so much self-command as to take it patiently; he cares not now for hearing of the prophets of Baal, but is an humble suitor to the God of Israel and his prophet, representing the present case as very deplorable, and humbly recommends it to the prophet's compassionate consideration. In effect, he owns himself unworthy, but let not the other kings be ruined for his sake. 2. He showed a great respect to the godly king of Judah, regarded his presence, and, for his sake, would inquire of the Lord for them all. It is good being with those that have God's favour and his prophet's love. Wicked people often fare the better for the friendship and society of those that are godly.

3. He composed himself to receive instructions from God: his mind was somewhat ruffled and disturbed at the sight of Jehoran; though he was not put into a sinful heat or passion, nor had spoken unadvisedly, yet his zeal, for the present, indisposed him for prayer and the operations of the spirit, which require a mind very calm and sedate. He therefore called for a musician, (v. 15,) a devout musician, one accustomed to play upon his harp, and sing psalms to it. To hear God's praises sweetly sung, as David had appointed, would cheer his spirits, and settle his mind, and help to put him into a right frame, both to speak to him, and to hear from him. We find a company of prophets prophesying with a psaltery and a tabret before them, 1 Sam. 10. 5. Those that desire communion with God, must keep their spirits quiet and serene. Elisha being refreshed, and having the tumult of his spirits laid by this divine music, the hand of the Lord came upon him, and his visit did him more honour than that of three kings.

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