face of a haggard old man. The castle fore, encouraging the soldiers with flag was flying half-mast high, for the kindly words, and exhorting the people Archduchess Margarethe was dead. to stand firm by the emperor and by She died after a few hours' illness, in the eighteenth year of her age. Karl Ludwig's grief was terrible. For the time being he was distraught, and had to be taken by force from the room in which his wife's dead body was lying. His friends hurried him away from Tyrol, in the hope that in fresh surroundings he might the more easily recover from the blow he had received. He went to Rome, where all that was known of him was that he passed his days shut up with monks. Before long, however, there were rumors afloat that he was going to retire into a monastery, and there is little doubt but that he would have done so at once, on his wife's death, if it had not been for the influence of the emperor. As it was, for some months the matter hung in the balance, and meanwhile he made no effort whatever to take up the threads of his life in the world again. If the Italian war had not come when it did, he would probably now be a monk. But he is not the man to desert his country when the enemy is at the gate. As soon as it was known that war was imminent, the archduke hastened back to Tyrol, where the people rallied around him with enthusiasm. They were sorely troubled, however, at the change that had come over their young viceroy. Not only was he careworn and sorrow-bound, but he seemed to have lost all touch with life. It was noticed, too, that wherever he went there was always a priest within hail. Evidently the Church had turned his misfortune to its own account. Altered as he was in other respects, he had lost none of his energy, and he at once set to work determinedly to organize the defences of the province. He is no soldier; it was the military experts on his staff who drew up the plans for the defence, but it was he who watched over the carrying out of them to the minutest detail. He worked night and day; wherever there was anything to be done he was to the each other. All classes responded loyally to his appeal, more through personal devotion to him than for any love of the empire. The result of the war was a terrible blow to Karl Ludwig, a blow, too, for which he was quite unprepared, for he had never doubted but that ultimately Austria would triumph. He was fiercely opposed to the signing of the Treaty of Villafranca. It would be better for Austria to fight the battle out to the bitter end and perish, he held, than surrender Lombardy, her chief glory. It was only traitors, he was convinced, who could counsel the emperor to make peace upon such terms. Before long he had other grievances against the imperial ministers, for they were bent on rendering the government of the country constitutional in fact as well as in name. He bitterly resented their drawing up schemes for limiting the power of the emperor, just as if a Habsburg were not to be trusted to do his best for his own people. Then the battle for religious toleration was raging, and the archduke was on the one side and the government on the other. On every point, indeed, he was at variance with his brother's ministers, and not with them alone, but with the majority of his nation. He had not yet recovered from the shock of his wife's death, a fact that predisposed him to take an exaggerated view of the dangers to which Austria was undoubtedly exposed at that time; and it seemed to him that his countrymen were marching in a bee-line for ruin. He would gladly have laid down his life to save them, but they would have none of his help, and scoffed at his warnings. With such an untoward generation there was nothing to be done, he felt; therefore, on July 11th, 1861, he resigned his viceroyalty and withdrew to Graz, where he lived in retirement, shunning all intercourse with his fellows. The next year the archduke mar ried; not that he had any desire for a very air was alive with sedition. second wife, but then as now there Strangely enough, the disaster of '66 was a scarcity of heirs in Vienna. and '67, instead of plunging him back The Archduke Maximilian was child-into his old gloom, aroused him to new less; his younger brother Victor has life and energy. He is devotedly atalways stoutly refused to marry, and tached to the emperor, strongly as he the emperor had only one son. He disapproves of some of his acts, and, had little to do, however, either with in his keen desire to help him in the the choosing or the wooing; he merely misfortunes that had befallen him, he accepted, and none too gratefully, the seemed to forget that he had griefs and bride his family provided for him. grievances of his own. Perhaps he Nevertheless the marriage proved a learnt then for the first time how heavy fairly happy one. The new arch- a burden it is that the emperor has to duchess, Annunciata of Naples, was a bear, and was seized with compunction sensible, good-natured woman, who for having left him so long to bear it adapted herself with admirable tact to alone. Be this as it may, he began to her difficult position. She set to work take his place again in ceremonies of quietly and unobtrusively to rouse her state, and to pass more of his time in husband from the state of despondency Vienna. He could not stand apart into which he had fallen. This was no from his own people now that evil days easy matter, for the archduke's troubles were come. and anxieties had told upon him phys- Not that he was reconciled to the ically, as well as mentally. As time new state of things in the capital; on passed, however, he recovered his the contrary, he was as firmly conearly vigor; children came to brighten vinced as ever that the whole parahis home, and at length, though in a phernalia of constitutionalism was an somewhat half-hearted fashion, he abomination; and he held that, for the seemed to wake up to the fact that there were still things worth living for in the world, even though Margarethe was in her grave, and Austria was following after false gods. His love of science revived, and he began to take an interest in the intellectual movements of the day. It was well he recovered his hold on life when he did, for Fortune had fresh strokes in store for him. Probably the result of the war with Prussia and Italy did not take him altogether by surprise, keenly as he deplored it. From his point of view, the Austrians must mend their ways before they could hope to conquer. Those cries of "Hoch Maximilian," however, cut him to the quick. It was an intolerable thought that a Habsburg, his own brother to boot, should be suspected of treason, and accused of encouraging intrigues against his sovereign. That ghastly scene on Cerro de las Campañas, when Maximilian paid for his Mexican crown with his life, was for Karl Ludwig only one degree more tragic than that drive from Schönbrunn to Vienua, when the government of St. Stephen's sacred empire to be in the hands of Count Beust, a heretic, was an outrage to heaven. Still, by this time he had succeeded in realizing clearly that nothing he could say or do would alter by one whit the policy Austria was pursuing ; and to have continued to indulge in vain protests would have been undignified, even if it had not been disloyal. As the emperor's brother he could not oppose the measures of the emperor's chosen ministers; if he lived in Vienna he must either speak well of them, or ignore them. Speak well of them he could not, and would not; he therefore decided to ignore them, to hold himself completely aloof, in fact, from everything that concerns the government of his country. He soon made those around him understand that the sayings and doings of ministers, Reichsrath debates, and kindred subjects must never be mentioned in his presence; and that all who entered the Archducal Palace must leave their politics behind them. There was great distress in Austria at this time. The whole nation was In 1871 the Archduchess Annunciata plunged in poverty; and on every side died, to the sincere regret of her husthere were men, women, and children band, to whom she had been a devoted on the verge of starvation. Here was friend and true helpmate. Two years work for the archduke to do, work later, to the astonishment both of the of the very kind he could do, and he world and his own family, Karl Ludthrew himself into it with a will. Be- wig announced his intention of marryfore long he was at the head of every ing again. This time he had found a important philanthropic undertaking in bride for himself, and a very charming the empire. He is the possessor of one too. No princess in Europe is so great wealth inherited from the Italian essentially "alive," in the Matthew branch of his family; and he distrib- Arnold meaning of the term, as the utes it among the needy with a gener-present archduchess. She is a daughous hand. Nor is it only money that ter of Don Miguel, the Portuguese he gives. Every appeal to him for Pretender, and was only seventeen at help receives his personal considera- the time of her marriage. She is extion; and he devotes endless time and ceedingly beautiful, brilliantly clever, thought to devising schemes for the and has most winning manners -an prevention of pauperism as well as for odd combination of royal stateliness its relief. He is always on the alert, and almost childlike simplicity. She is too, to give a helping hand to those bright and witty, too, with a rare talent who to beg are ashamed; and he seems for repartee. She has not a touch of to know instinctively when and how to the Empress Elizabeth's love of soligive it. Stories without number are tude or shrinking from the public gaze; told in Vienna of how, in cases of tem- indeed, she seems never so happy as porary distress, the archduke has sud- when she has a vast crowd around her. denly appeared upon the scene; and, Her openly expressed delight in pagby some delicately offered gift, or a eants and ceremonies-whether court loan perhaps, has warded off ruin. He balls, Prater Fahrts or Corpus Christi is a staunch supporter of all move-processions, it matters not, for her ments for improving the condition of taste is catholic-won for her at once the working classes; for providing the hearty sympathy of the Viennese; them with better houses and cheaper and before she had been a month in food; and for bringing technical training within their reach. Exhibitions of all sorts and kinds are under his particular protection. Artists, authors, and scientists, especially such as have still their way to make in the world, find in him not only a liberal patron but a to have found the atmosphere of warm friend. He takes the most lively interest in their work, he praises, blames, and criticises with delicate tact and nice discrimination; and is equally ready to hail success and sympathize with failure. As the Viennese came to know the archduke, their old prejudice against him speedily vanished; for they are the last people in the world to cherish ill-feeling against one who devotes himself to their service, and is willing to work not only for them, but with them. In a very short time he became socially a great power in the land, while remaining politically a nonentity. the capital she was more popular than any member of the imperial family, with the single exception of the emperor. In the early days of her married life, the Archduchess Maria Theresa is said Vienna somewhat stifling; she resented being tied hand and foot by the traditions of dead and gone Habsburgs. It was at this time that she used to work off her superfluous energy by those rides that made the hair of her court ladies stand on end. According to Count Vasili, she once rode from Reichenau, to Guns and back, a distance of between two and three hundred kilomètres, without stopping. Mere physical excitement, however, did not content her for long. She is a woman of keen intelligence and wide sympathy, and she soon began to in terest herself in her husband's social | to do. It is a sacred dogma with him and philanthropic work. Then, as the that all she does is well done. His Hofburg was not at all to her taste, she devotion to her is unbounded; whatdetermined to organize a court of her ever she wishes, he wishes; and he OWD. She has a perfect genius for en- always ends, sooner or later, by approvtertaining; whatever were her rank in ing of what she approves. It was the life she would have her salon, though knowledge of this fact that made those she held it in a kitchen; and under her who know the archduchess smile when, rule the Archducal Palace soon became six years ago, all Europe was declaring renowned for its splendid hospitality. that the archduke was eager to yield For years now it has been the centre place to his son. of the life and gaiety of the capital, It is many a long year now since the meeting place of all who are dis- Karl Ludwig resigned his viceroyalty. tinguished whether by rank or genius. Since then Austria has again and again The Austrians, especially the Vien- been convulsed with excitement; crisis nese, are a splendor-loving race; and has followed crisis with unparalleled they would idolize the archduchess if it | rapidity; and each Reichsrath in its were for nothing but the royal state in turn has witnessed fierce struggles. which she lives among them. She is Measures on which the honor, nay the their ideal of what a sovereign should be, their own sovereign above all; and they openly mourn over the fact that she cannot change places with the empress. It is a favorite theory of theirs that, if Maria Theresa ruled in the Hofburg, Vienna would at once cast off its gloom, and be as it used to be, the gayest capital in Europe. Then trade would revive, they are sure; and the good old days when men lived in peace with each other would come back again. Many of those who regard with scant favor the prospect of Karl Ludwig's being their emperor, would gladly hail his wife as empress. was very existence, of the empire depend, If the archduchess had her will, there is little doubt but that years ago she would have tried to turn her great social popularity to account politically. She is ambitious, of course — was there ever a Braganza who was not? - and she would give the ends of her fingers to play a dominant role in the empire. For the time being, however, the emperor stands in her path. He shares Prince Bismarck's abhorrence "of and reactionists of all kinds look upon petticoated politicians ;" and if rumor may be relied upou, has had more than one sharp passage of arms on the subject with his sister-in-law. Karl Ludwig would dislike as much as the emperor his wife's meddling in poli tics; him as their own special champion; and even the democrats have for him personally a warm feeling of regard. Oddly enough the populace are immensely proud of his grand seigneur bearing. The only grievance they have against him is that he has too many priests around him. In Hungary, the general feeling with regard to the arch duke is much less friendly than in the | Austria, it must be remembered, the The Archduchess Maria Theresa did an ill day's work for Austria, for herself, too, perhaps, when she induced her husband to refuse to renounce his right of succession. EDITH SELLERS. From Macmillan's Magazine. So long as the Crown Prince Rudolf was alive, the Archduke Karl Ludwig's personal characteristics were of little importance so far as the world was concerned. No one was inclined to quarrel with him then for his silent warfare against the Zeitgeist. If he chose to judge of men and things from the standpoint of a Jesuit father-to dream of the pope as again a great temporal power; to count ou the coming of the day when kings and emperors should rule once more as the patriarchs of old - why, he was free to do so. There was no reason even why he should not, if he wished, show in his own peculiar inscrutable fashion how much higher value he personally placed on Moscovite THE Vale of the Upper Tweed is disfriendship than on Prussian. So long tinct from the neighboring dales of as he was a mere archduke, and nothing| Clyde and Annan, and no less from the more, no one cared much either what he rich strath into which the Border river did, or what he thought. But now that enters in its maturer course, in a way he is heir to the imperial crown, it is which may seem strange to one superotherwise. Austria to-day needs a ficially aware of their proximity. You strong hand and a cool head at her helm, pass almost at a bound from the fat for she is face to face with some terribly lands of Dumfries, or the wooded holms difficult problems. The struggle for of Melrose, to a country of miniature political power between the few on the and yet greater beauties. There you one hand and the many on the other, have wide vistas and broad streams; is just beginning. Class is arrayed here we have vistas, waters, hills, against class more determinedly than woods, an epitome of landscape, small ever before; and the strife between in the acreage of the surveyor, but labor and capital is more ruthless. large by that curious measurement Socialism is spreading like wildfire in which is the prerogative of the mind the land; and the people are indulging of man. It is indubitably a country in dreams at once beautiful and un- of surprises, a dapper arrangement of realizable. The nationality question, landscapes which charm by their contoo, is exciting men's minds; and trast. The cotter's garden, gay with Czechs, Germans, Magyars, Poles, and all seasons' flowers, runs into the Roumanians are all to the fore with heather; reapers ply their trade within their rival interests, rival aspirations hearing of the thrush and the curlew; and grievances. The whole empire, in a meadow of hay is own neighbor to a fact, is in a state of unrest; and what grim pine forest; and a sullen stream the end thereof will be depends in a in one field may be an eddying torrent great measure on its emperor. In in the next. The art of the epigram |