"An' I could climb and lay my hand upon it,
Then were I wealthier than a leash of kings,"
But ever when he reach'd a hand to climb,

One that had loved him from his childhood caught
And stay'd him, "Climb not lest thou break thy neck,
I charge thee by my love," and so the boy,
Sweet mother, neither clomb not brake his neck,
But brake his very heart in pining for it,

"To whom the mother said,

"True love, sweet son, had risk'd himself and climb'd,
And handed down the golden treasure to him.'"
"And Gareth answer'd her with kindling eyes:
'Gold? said I gold?-ay then, why he, or she,
Or whosoe'er it was, or half the world
Had ventured-had the thing I spake of been
Mere gold-but this was all of that true steel
Whereof they forged the brand Excalibur."

-Tennyson: Gareth and Lynette.

LESSON XIX

I. The Correct Use of the Parts of Speech in the Expression of Ideas. Pronouns.

1. The nominative and objective forms of pronouns* should not be confused.

Following are examples of correct forms:

1. It is I.

2. Whom did you call?

3. They were taller than she.

4. She is going with Mary and me.

2. Before a verbal noun the pronoun should be in the possessive case.

I could not prevent their meeting each other.

3. Who relates to persons; which relates to animals and things; that may relate to either.

The man who lives on the next farm has a cow which gives the best milk that can be bought.

Exercise 1. Give the reason for the use of the form of the pronoun in the following sentences:

1. I did not think of his being a coward.

2. You are as badly off as we.

3. Between you and me, I do not believe he intends to go. 4. Whom does she resemble, her father or her mother?

5. Who do you think it was?

6. Whom do you take me to be?

7. Whom did you say she looks like?

[See Appendix, p. 234.]

8. She has written letters to my mother and me.

9. The Smiths have come into the next house; at least I suppose it is they.

10. Who knocks? It is I.

Exercise 2. Supply the proper form of some pronoun in the blank spaces:

1. You were in the wrong as well as

2.

did you say did the deed?

3. It is a secret to be kept between my mother and

4,

5. It is

do men say that I am?

who are the culprits.

6. Is there anyone who has not done

7. I am not interested in

8.

work?

coming or going.

did you suppose them to be?

9. You did just as well as

10.

did you say called this afternoon?

11. Such persons as

12. Is that the house

13. What do you think of

14. There is the boy

15.

are not fit associates for you.
you bought of Mr. Smith?

going to college?

you were calling.

does Mary look like?

16. I thought it was

17. I took it to be

18. I am

19. The man to

20. The man

who went.

who was wanted.

you wanted.

you were speaking was my father. you wish to see is out at present.

II. Expression of Ideas in Composition.

Read the following compositions:

1.

I was always fond of visiting new scenes, and observing strange characters and manners. Even when a mere child I began my travels, and made many tours of discovery into foreign parts and unknown regions of my native city, to the frequent alarm of my

parents, and the emolument of the town-crier. As I grew into boyhood, I extended the range of my observations. My holiday afternoons were spent in rambles about the surrounding country. I made myself familiar with all its places famous in history or fable. I knew every spot where a murder or robbery had been committed, or a ghost seen. I visited the neighboring villages, and added greatly to my stock of knowledge, by noting their habits and customs, and conversing with their sages and great men. I even journeyed one long summer's day to the summit of the most distant hill, whence I stretched my eye over many a mile of terra incognita, and was astonished to find how vast a globe I inhabited.-Irving: The Sketch Book.

2.

My worthy friend Sir Roger, when we are talking of the malice of parties, very frequently tells us an accident that happened to him when he was a school-boy, which was at a time when the feuds ran high between the round-heads and cavaliers. This worthy knight, being then but a stripling, had occasion to inquire which was the way to St. Anne's lane; upon which the person whom he spoke to, instead of answering his question, called him a young Popish cur, and asked him who had made Anne a saint. The boy, being in some confusion, inquired of the next he met, which was the way to Anne's lane; but was called a prick-eared cur for his pains, and instead of being shown the way, was told, that she had been a saint before he was born, and would be one after he was hanged. Upon this, says Sir Roger, I did not think fit to repeat the former question, but going into every lane of the neighborhood, asked what they called the name of that lane. By which ingenious artifice he found out the place he inquired after, without giving offence to any party.— Addison: The Sir Roger de Coverley Papers.

3.

A calf is an animal not to be fooled with as we shall soon learn. While in the country a few years ago a boy and myself discovered a calf astray by the roadside. Not knowing exactly who owned the creature we decided to have a little fun with it. We walked

doll. 13. Your first friend. 14. The ogre of your childhood.

Subject for oral composition.

Opposite this page is a picture of Sir Galahad. Tell the story of Sir Galahad. What moment of his life do you think this picture represents? What does the expression in his face and bearing indicate? In what way is the spirit of the picture carried out by the attitude of the horse and the setting of the two figures?