with his amiable disposition as a man, probably led to those encomiums which, without this consideration, we should find it difficult to allow. "That," says Wood, "which is most remarkable is, that these his high, parts and abilities were accompanied with so much sweetness and candour, that they made him equally beloved and admired by all persons, especially those of the gown and court; who esteemed also his life a fair copy of practic piety, a rare example of heroic worth, and in whom arts, learning, and language, made up the true complement of perfection." The same biographer informs us that he wrote "Poemata Græca & Latina."1

CARVALHO D'ACOSTA (ANTHONY), a native of Lisbon, where he was born in 1650, addicted himself to the study of mathematics, astronomy, and hydrography, and undertook the topographical description of his native country. He made the tour of Portugal with great care, following the courses of the rivers, climbing the mountains, and examining every thing with his own eyes. This work, by far the best upon the subject, is in 3 vols. folio, pubJished from 1706 to 1712, under the title of "Geographia Portugueza. It contains the history of the principal places, of the illustrious persons who were born in them, the genealogies of the most considerable families, with the natural curiosities, &c. of every place he visited. There is also by this author a compendium of geography, and a method of studying astronomy. He died in 1715, at the age of 65, and so poor that the parish was obliged to bury him."

CARVER (JONATHAN), another unfortunate author in our own country, was a native of America. His grandfather, William Joseph Carver, of Wigan in Lancashire, a captain in king William's army, was rewarded for his services in Ireland with the government of Connecticut in New England, in which province our author was born in 1732, and where his father, a justice of the peace, died in 1747. Soon after, being designed for the study of physic, he was placed with a practitioner at Elizabeth-town; but this not suiting his enterprising spirit, he purchased, in 1750, an ensigncy in the Connecticut regiment, and behaved so well as to obtain the command of a company.

1 Johnson and Chalmers's English Poets, vol. VI.-Biog. Brit.-Ath. Ox. vol. II.-Wood's Annals, vol. II. p. 447.-Oldys's MS Notes on Langbaine. Dict. Hist.

Nothing more is known of him till 1757, when being in general Webb's army, he fortunately escaped the dreadful massacre at Fort William Henry, an instance of Indian ferocity and French perfidy which he has pathetically described in his "Travels." In the five succeeding campaigns he served also, first as lieutenant and afterwards as captain of provincials, with a high reputation, not only for bravery, but also for piety and morals. On the conclusion of the peace in 1763, captain Carver, with a view to make that vast acquisition of territory gained by Great Britain advantageous to her, determined to explore the most unknown parts of North America, particularly the vast continent which extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. His failure in this is now less to be regretted, as captain Cook has since shewn the impracticability of a north-west passage in those parts. Captain Carver, however, penetrated farther north-westward than any other European, except father Hennepin in 1680, viz. to the river St. Francis. The utmost extent of his travels to the west was towards the head of the river St. Pierre, in the country of the Naudowessies of the plains, whose language he learned, and among whom he wintered in 1766, and resided seven months. In 1769 he came over to England, in hopes of a reimbursement from government for the sums he had expended in their service; but in this he was disappointed, and reduced to great difficulties. In 1778, he published "Travels through the interior parts of North America in the years 1766, 1767, and 1768," 8vo, a work considered as peculiarly interesting. In the following year, he published also A Treatise on the Culture of the Tobacco Plant." Both these ought unquestionably to have procured him employment as a man of talents, but unfortunately no notice was taken of him. About this time he was induced to lend his name to a compilation entitled "The New Universal Traveller,” published in weekly numbers, but this afforded a scanty supply. Through the winter of 1779, he preserved his existence by acting as a clerk in a lottery office until Jan. 31, 1780, a putrid fever supervening a long-continued dysentery, brought on by mere want, put an end to the life of a man whose public services and character deserved a better fate. We know not, however, that he perished in vain. His case attracted the notice of Dr. Lettsom, who, in some excellent letters in the Gentleman's Magazine, recommended it to the public attention with such

effect, that while a temporary provision was made for captain Carver's widow and children, by the publication of a new edition of his "Travels," a salutary impression was made on the public mind, to which, strengthened by other instances, we now owe that excellent institution, "The Literary Fund."

1

CARUSIUS, or CARUSIO (JOHN BAPTIST), a learned historiographer of Palermo, where he was born in 1673, devoted his life to the history and antiquities of Sicily; and first published "Memorie Istoriche della Sicilia,' Palermo, 1716, fol. and afterwards a collection of the Sicilian historians, under the title of "Bibliotheca Historica Regni Sicilia," 1723, 2 vols. fol. Saxius says he died in

1724; but the editors of the Dict. Hist. in 1750, and they add that his "Bibliotheca" was translated into Italian, and published in 1745, 3 vols. fol.

CARY (HENRY), afterwards created viscount Falkland, and descended from the family of the Cary's, of Cockington, in Devonshire, was the son of sir Edward Cary, of Berkhamsted and Aldenham, in the county of Hertford, knight, master of the Jewel-office to queen Elizabeth and king James I. by Catherine his wife, daughter of sir Henry Knevet, knight, and widow of Henry lord Paget. He was born at Aldenham; and, when about sixteen years of age, was sent to Exeter-college in Oxford, where it does not appear he took any degree: but when he quitted the university, he left behind a celebrated name. Soon after, he was introduced to court; and in 1608, made one of the knights of the bath at the creation of Henry prince of Wales. In 1617, he was sworn in comptroller of his majesty's houshold, and one of his privy-council: and on the 10th of November, 1620, was created viscount of Falkland, in the county of Fife, in Scotland. King James I. knowing his great abilities and experience, constituted him lord deputy of Ireland; into which high office he was sworn, September 18, 1622; and continued in it till 1629. During his administration, he kept a strict hand over the Roman catholics in that kingdom: who sent frequent complaints to the court of England against him, and though he proceeded very honourably and justly, yet by the clamour of the Irish, and the prevailing power of his Popish

1 Dr. Lettsom's Account prefixed to the new edition of the Travels, in 1781. -Gent. Mag. vol. L. and LI See Indexes.

Dict. Hist.-Saxii Onomasticon.

enemies, he was removed in disgrace; but his innocence being afterwards vindicated, this affront was in some measure atoned for by the subsequent favour of the king. At his return to England, he lived in honour and esteem, till 1633; when having the misfortune to break one of his legs, on a stand in Theobald's-park, he died in September; and was buried at Aldenham. He married Elizabeth,

sole daughter and heir of sir Laurence Tanfield, chief baron of the exchequer, with whom he had the manor of Great Tew, Burford, and other estates in Oxfordshire. He is said to have written many things, which never were published, except, 1. "The History of the most unfortunate prince, king Edward II." found among his papers, and printed in 1680, fol. and 8vo, with a preface of sir James Harrington; at a time, says Wood, "when the press was open for all books that could make any thing against the then government." 2. "A Letter to James I." and an "Epitaph on Elizabeth countess of Huntingdon," which is in Wilford's Memorials. The letter to the king was in behalf of his son, the subject of the following article; who, for challenging sir Francis Willoughby, had been thrown into the Fleet. It was printed in the "Cabala." In the Harl. MS. 1581, there are four original letters from lord Falkland to the duke of Buckingham.

Leland, in his History of Ireland, says, that "Lord Falkland seems to have been more distinguished by his rectitude than abilities. In a government which required vigour and austerity, he was indolent and gentle; courting, rather than terrifying the factious. He was harrassed by the intrigues and clamours of the king's ministers, whom he could not always gratify to the full extent of their desires; his actions were severely maligned at the court of England; his administration of consequence was cautious and embarrassed. Such a governor was little qualified to awe the numerous and powerful body of recusants, relying on their merits, and stimulated by their ecclesiastics to the most imprudent excesses." 1

CARY (LUCIUS), eldest son of the preceding, was born, as is supposed, at Burford in Oxfordshire, about 1610. He received his academical learning at Trinity college in Dublin, and St. John's college in Cambridge. Before he came to be twenty years of age, he was master of an ample

1 Biog. Brit.-Park's edition of Lord Orford's Royal and Noble Authors.

fortune, which descended to him by the gift of a grandfather, without passing through his father and mother, who were then alive. Shortly after that, and before he was of age, he went into the Low Countries, with a resolution of procuring a command; but was diverted from it by the complete inactivity of that summer. On his return to

England, he entered upon a very strict course of study. We are informed by lord Clarendon, that his house being within a little more than ten miles of Oxford, he contracted familiarity and friendship with the most polite and accurate men of that university, who found such an immenseness of wit, and such a solidity of judgment in him, so infinite a fancy, bound in by most exact reasoning, such a vast knowledge, that he was not ignorant in any thing, yet such an excessive humility, as if he had known nothing, that they frequently resorted, and dwelt with him, as in a college situated in a purer air; so that his house was a university in a less volume, whither they came, not so much for repose, as study; and to examine and refute those grosser propositions which laziness and consent made current in vulgar conversation. Before he was

twenty-three years of age, he had read over all the Greek and Latin fathers, and was indefatigable in looking over all books, which with great expence he caused to be transmitted to him from all parts. About the time of his father's death, in 1633, he was made one of the gentlemen of the privy-chamber to Charles I. In 1639 he was in the expedition against the Scots, and afterwards went a volunteer with the earl of Essex. He was chosen, in 1640, a member of the house of commons for Newport in the isle of Wight, in the parliament which began at Westminster April 13, the same year. The debates being there managed with all imaginable gravity and sobriety, he contracted such a reverence for parliaments, that he thought. it really impossible they could ever produce mischief or inconvenience to the kingdom, or that the kingdom could be tolerably happy in the intermission of them. From the unhappy and unseasonable dissolution of that parliament, he probably harboured some jealousy and prejudice to the court, towards which he was not before immoderately inclined. He was chosen again for the same place in that parliament which began the 3d of November following; and in the beginning of it declared himself very sharply and severely against those exorbitances of the court, which VOL. VIII.

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