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north wing, consisting of large and elegant apartments, is occupied by the High Master;-the south, equally commodious, is appropriated to the Second Master;-and the Third Master, called the Chaplain, occupies a house in the Old Change, to the east of the building.

The school-room is large and commodious, and is ornamented with a bust of the founder, by Bacon; and of the late much respected High Master, Mr. George Thicknesse, which was placed there by a voluntary subscription of his grateful scholars. The emblematical engravings, the gift of the late patron of literature and the arts, Mr. Alderman Boydell, are in preservation, but not hung up in the school : upon former occasions they used to decorate the upper end of the school, on the day of the Apposition; but, according to the present arrangements on that day, this custom is in disuse. A bust of Dr. Roberts, the late High Master, by Hickey, has lately been erected at the upper end of the school, on the left of that of the founder. It consists of eight classes or forms; in the first of which, children learn their rudiments; and from thence, according to their proficiency, are advanced to the other forms, until they rise to the eighth.

This is a Free School, and confined to that mode of tuition alone which is strictly classical; and without any other charge than the payment of one shilling, on the entrance of each boy.

The admission of the scholars is in the Mercers' Company: the surveyor accomptant, one of the court of assistants, being the officer delegated by them, to nominate during his year of office.

Scholars are admitted to the age of fifteen. But, at present, no boy is eligible to an exhibition, if he is admitted after the age of twelve. It is, however, probable that some alteration will be made in the admission of boys, as to their eligibility to exhibitions. An earlier period than twelve will most likely be fixed.

There is no prescribed time of Superannuation by the statutes. But no boy is expected to remain at the school, after his nineteenth birth day.

The Latin Grammar which is used, is that of Lily corrected by Ward, and the Greek grammar, that of Camden, or the Westminster. It is to the honour of St. Paul's School, that the principal grammars for the study of the Latin and Greek languages, throughout the kingdom, should have been the works of it's founder and first master, and of Camden, who was one of it's Scholars.

On Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, the school begins at seven o'clock in the morning,-(except from the Monday after the first of November to the Monday before the first of March, when it begins at eight)-and continues till twelve, when it closes for the rest of the day.

On Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, the school begins at seven, -(except as above)—and continues till eleven, then begins again at one, and continues till four.

The grand examination of the scholars takes place after Easter, and occupies two days: on the last of which, the seniors of the eighth class make their recitations in Greek, Latin, and English, previous to their admission at some college. And the captain of the school leaves it at that season.

The Apposition, a term peculiar to St. Paul's School, is in fact the annual commemoration of the founder; and formerly took place on the second day of the examination. Of late it has usually been holden on the Wednesday or Thursday in the examination week The solemn business of this day is the commemoration of the founder by three orations in Greek, Latin, and English, composed and spoken by the three senior boys. These are succeeded by two prize compositions in Latin and English verse, and afterwards speeches by the upper boys. The captain of the school generally, but not necessarily, is appointed to a Camden exhibition. The Camden and other exhibitions are given away at this season of the year by the trustees at Mercers' Hall; a court being holden on the day after the Apposition, by the trustees, called "The Apposition Court" for the transacting this and other business relative to St. Paul's School.

There are at present eight exhibitions which are paid out of a separate estate, being a benefaction founded by Lord Viscount Camden, which is quite distinct from the estate of St. Paul's School itself. This donation consists of a moiety of the tythes of Woodhorne, Seaton, Witherington, Creswell Horton, alias Horneton Hirst, Errington, and Linton, in the county of Northumberland, and of the sum of £16,000. Bank three pounds per centum reduced annuities; the gross annual income of which, in 1815, amounted to the sum of £9000, or thereabouts. These exhibitions are of the annual value of one hundred pounds each; and are confined to such scholar or scholars as from time to time, for ever, shall be preferred from St. Paul's School to Trinity College, Cambridge. Their number is not limited; neither is the time, but it is usually for seven years.

There are an indefinite number of exhibitions of £50. a year each, to any College of either University. They are holden for seven years; and are never given to the same boys who have the Camden exhibitions. It is probable, that some alteration may soon take place in the value or number of them.

There are also some advantages, either as scholarships or exhibitions, for Paulines (scholars of St. Paul's School usually so denominated,) at Trinity and St. John's Colleges, in the University of Cambridge, founded by Mr Perry, and Dr. Sykes.

The exhibitioners are chosen by the court of Wardens of the Mercers' Company, and the trustees of the school. And they are paid at Mercers' Hall.'

Mr. John Stock, Citizen and Draper of London, by his will, dated the 26th of February, 1780, among various other legacies, bequeathed £1000. three per cents. to the master and fellows of Corpus Christi or Bene't College, Cambridge, the interest of which was for ever to be appropriated to the maintenance of a scholar from this school, with the exception of £15. which sum is always to be reserved to defray the expenses of his illness, death, &c. during his continuance at College. Mr. Carlisle has given an extract from this gentleman's will, and also the regulations prescribed by him for the scholarships; but these we emit, as not being of sufficient general interest.

With respect to the several exhibitions, the Company of Mercers have, at different times, taken salutary precautions, relative to the scholars intending to offer themselves as candidates for them ;—and it is most gratifying to remark, that the Company of Mercers, by their good management of the revenues of the School, have always been enabled to have a fund ready to supply the wants of their more indigent scholars, and, by their faithful discharge of the trust reposed in them, have secured such high respect to the foundation as will ever claim the most grateful remembrance, and be a lasting monument of their unsullied honour, assiduity, and care.

'It has been the wish of some of the Mercers' Company, to enlarge the School, and also to afford additional education; it having been thought, that it might be of importance to afford them the advantage of Writing, learning Accompts, and the lower branches of the Mathematics. But that is a measure which has not been put in practice, nor is such a scheme determined upon. The founder certainly never had any idea of establishing a large Free School, and annexing it to the Grammar School, because he has expressly declared his intentions that it should be a Grammar School only, and that no more than ONE HUNDRED and FIFTY-THREE boys should be educated here. By the Statutes, however, the trustees are invested with unlimited powers as to making any alteration either in the site of the School or otherwise, as it shall seem to them advantageous to the Institution.

There are no Church Preferments belonging to this School, neither is there a Common Seal.

The gross average income of the school is about £5,300 per annum, arising from landed estates, and the interest of money in the funds, being £26,000 stock.

The present high master is, John Sleath, D. D., whose salary is £618 per annum, together with a spacious house. There is also a house appropriated to the high master, at Stepney, besides the house in the church-yard, which is a trifling emolument. This gentleman takes boarders. The original bust of the founder, which was discovered in the ruins of the school, after the great conflagration, and which was removed, to be succeeded by the copy now in the schoolroom, was placed, by the good taste of Dr. Roberts, in the high master's house over the exterior of his drawing-room door.

The following is a list of the high masters of St Paul's School, from it's first foundation.-1512. William Lily.-1522. John Rit wyse.-1532. Richard Jones.-1549. Thomas Freeman.-1559. John Cooke.-1573. William Malin.-1581. John Harrison—1596. Richard Mulcaster. 1608. Alexander Gill, Senior.-1635. Alexander Gill, D.D. Junior.-1640. John Langley.-1657. Samuel Cromeholme.— 1672. Thomas Gale, D.D.-1697. John Postlethwayt.-1713. Philip Ascough.-1721. Benjamin Morland.-1733. Timothy Crumpe.1737. George Charles, D.D.-1748. George Thicknesse.-1769, Richard Roberts, D.D.-1814. John Sleath, D.D.

The present sur-master is the Rev. Richard Edwards, M.A., whose salary is £307. per annum, and a house. This gentleman

also takes boarders.

VOL. X. N.S.

2 X

The present under-master or antient chaplain is, the Rev. W. A. C. Durham, M.A., whose salary is £227. per annum, and a house. The present assistant master is, the Rev. J. P. Bean, M. A. whose salary is £257. per annum, but no house. This gentleman takes boarders.

'Besides these salaries, there are payments from the school funds to the officers of the company; viz., the clerk £100 a year; the accomptant £40.; two beadles £5. each; the surveyor accomptant £4. the surveyor assistant £4.; and a porter boy £2.

And, as a laudable encouragement to the high masters, that their labours shall not go without their just reward, the company allow a princely annuity of £1,000. to the late high master, the Rev. Dr. Roberts, who retired, after filling that dignified station about fortyfive years, and "was a man of great merit."

There is also an annuity allowed to the late sur-master's widow, of £60 per annum.

From this fruitful seminary of religion and learning, which has continued to increase in reputation for more than three hundred years, many good and great men have proceeded; and among these may be enumerated, Thomas Nightingale; Thomas Lupset; Sir Anthony Denny, Knight, Privy Counsellor to Henry the Eighth; Sir William Paget, Knight, Privy Counsellor to Henry the Eighth, and the three succeeding sovereigns; Sir Edward North, afterwards Lord North; John Leland, the Antiquary; William Whitaker, D.D. Professor of Divinity, and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge; William Camden; John Milton; Sir Charles Scarborough, the Physician; Samuel Pepys, Esq. Secretary to the Admiralty; Benjamin Calamy, D.D.; Thomas Smith, A.M. Keeper of the University Library of Cambridge; Richard Blondel, the Surgeon; Sir Thomas Davies, Knight, the celebrated Linguist; Humphrey Gower, D.D., Master of St. John's College, Cambridge; Robert Nelson, Esq., the pious author of the Companion for the Festivals and Fasts of the Church of England; Richard Cumberland, Bishop of Peterborough ; Thomas Tooke, S.T.P., Master of the Grammar School of Bishop's Stortford; Roger Cotes, Master of Trinity College, Cambridge; and the associate of Sir Isaac Newton; Sir John Trevor, Knight, Master of the Rolls; Archibald, Earl of Forfar; Charles, Duke of Manchester; Sir Edward Northey, Knight, Attorney General; George Hooper, D.D., Bishop of Bath and Wells; Samuel Bradford, D.D., Bishop of Rochester; John Long, Bishop of Norwich; Matthew Mawson, Bishop of Ely; Spencer Compton, Speaker of the House of Commons; Spencer Cooper, Chief Justice of Chester; Sir Soulden Laurence, Knight; Dr. Garner, Dean of Exeter; John Fisher, D.D. the present Bishop of Salisbury; and the Rev. John Curtis, the present head master of the grammar school at Ashbyde-la-Zouch.'

The work is beautifully printed; and the fac-similes of the seals, sixty-eight in number, are engraven in a very superior style. To the accuracy of Mr. Carlisle's information respecting many of the great foundations, particularly those of London,

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wwe can bear an individual testimony; and we have no doubt that the others are as correct as unwearied assiduity and research can make them. We consider his work as an important accession to topographical literature, which ought to find a place in every well selected library.

Art. III. Illustrations of the Divine Government; tending to shew, that Every Thing is under the Direction of Infinite Wisdom and goodness, and will terminate in the Production of Universal Purity and Happiness. By T. Southwood Smith, M.D.

Concluded from page 350.

THE argument a priori in favour of the doctrine of Universal Restoration, is not only specious, but satisfactory, if the one thing which requires to be proved, is taken for granted. We have already referred to this fundamental principle, which, apart from the plain, practical, and scriptural aspect of the subject, is, as it seems to us, the only point that can demand any lengthened consideration. If it be allowed that Evil is a branch of the Divine contrivance for the production of a higher ultimate good to the creature; that it is but the temporary name of a particular class of the dispensations of Sovereign Beneficence; if, in a word, the foremost and favourite dogma of infidelity be conceded, that all things are as God makes them; then, indeed, many pages fewer than the three hundred which Dr. Smith has employed, might suffice to bring the question to an issue. But with the proof of this most essential point, he no where troubles his reader. Perhaps he never surmised that it could be called in question; or he might perceive, that unless he could place it beyond a doubt, it would give an absolutely gratuitous and nugatory character to his subsequent reasonings.

The argument may, we believe, without misrepresentation, be thus stated. God is immediately, or mediately, the Author of all being that is to say, all things are, as He causes them to be. God is perfectly good, or, to speak more definitely, perfectly beneficent. The highest possible good of his creatures, is the sole and ultimate end of God in the construction and government of the universe. If God be perfectly beneficent, He will certainly choose such an end; if perfectly wise, He will adopt the best means for its accomplishment; and if all powerful, He will perfect his design beyond the possibility of failure. The reader will at once perceive, that however objectionable some of these propositions may be, there is but one of them of any significance to the argument; namely, that first mentioned; and it is upon the assumption of this very proposition, that all those, as far as we are aware, who have defended the doctrine in dispute, have founded their reasonings.

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