It strains me to the last;

And I am losing fast

My breath and my poor soul, and thou art he
Alone canst save me in thy piety."

But thou didst smile perhaps, thou thing besotted,
Because, with some, death is a sleep, a word?
Hast thou then ever heard

Of one that slept and rotted?

Rare is the sleeping face,

That wakes not as it was.

Thou should'st have earned high heaven,

And then thou might'st have given

Glad looks below, and seen

Thy buried bones serene

As odorous and as fair,

As evening lilies are;

And in the day of the great trump of doom,
Happy thy soul had been to join them at the tomb.

Ode, go thou down, and enter

The horrors of the centre.

Then fly amain, with news of terrible fate

To those who think they may repent them late.

Certainly, all this is very powerful. The picture of the once beautiful, proud, and unthinking creature, caught, and fixed down in a wasting trap, the calling upon her to come forth, and see if any one will now be won into her open arms,-the taunts about the immortal balm which she thought she had in her veins,-the whole, in short, of the terrible disadvantage under which she is made to listen with unearthly cars to the poet's lecture, affects the imagination to shuddering.

No wonder that such an address made a sensation, even upon the gaiety of a southern city. One may conceive, how it fixed the superstitious more closely over their meditations and skulls; how it sent the young, and pious, and humble, upon their knees; how it baulked the vivacity of the serenaders; brought tears into the eyes of affectionate lovers; and shot doubt and confusion even into the cheeks of the merely wanton. Andrea de Basso, armed with the lightnings of his church, tore the covering from the grave, and smote up the heart of Ferrara as with an earthquake.

For a lasting impression however, or for such a one as he would have desired, the author, with all his powers, overshot his mark. Men build again over earthquakes, as nature resumes her serenity. The Ferrarese returned to their loves and guitars, when absolution had set them to rights. It was impossible indeed that Andrea de Basso should have succeeded in fixing such impressions upon the mind; and it would have been an error in logic as well as every thing else, if he had. He committed himself both as a theologian and a philosopher. The allusion, towards the end of his ode, is to the Catholic notion, that the death of a saintly person is accompanied by what they call "the odour of sanctity;"-a literalized metaphor, which they must often have been perplexed to maintain. But the assents of superstition, and the instinct of common sense, always keep a certain separation at bottom; and the poet drew such a picture of mortality, as would infallibly be

applied to every one, vicious or virtuous. It was too close and mortifying, even for the egotism of religious fancy to overcome. All would have an insterest in contradicting it somehow or other.

On the other hand, if they could not well contradict or bear to think of it, his mark was overshot there. It has been observed, in times of shipwrecks, plagues, and other circumstances of a common despair, that upon the usual principle of extremes meeting, mankind turn about upon death their pursuer, and defy him to the teeth. The superstious in vain exhort them to think; and threaten them with the consequences of their refusal. They have threats enough. If they could think to any purpose of refreshment, they would. But time presses; the exhortation is too like the evil it would remedy; and they endeavour to crowd into a few moments all the enjoyments, to which nature has given them a tendency, and to which, with a natural piety beyond that of their threateners, they feel that they have both a tendency and a right. If many such odes as Basso's could have been written,-if the court of Ferrara had turned superstitious and patronized such productions, the next age would not merely have been lively; it would have been debauched.

Again, the reasoning of snch appeals to the general sense is absurd in itself. They call upon us to join life and death together;to think of what we are not, with the feelings of what we are; to be very different, and yet to be the same. Hypochondria may do this; a melancholy imagination, or a strong imagination of any sort, may do it for a time; but it will never be done generally, and nature never intended it should. A decaying dead body is no more the real human being, than a watch, stopped and mutilated, is a time-piece, or cold water warm, or a numb finger in the same state of sensation as the one next it, or any one modification of being the same as another. We may pitch ourselves by imagination into this state of being; but it is ourselves, modified by our present totalities and sensation, that we do pitch there. What we may be otherwise, is another thing. The melancholy imagination may give it melancholy fancies; the livelier one may if it pleases, suppose it a state of exquisite dissolution. The philosopher sees in it nothing but a contradiction to the life by which we judge of it, and a dissolution of the compounds which held us together. There is one thing alone in such gloomy beggings of a question, which throws them back upon the prescriptions of wisdom, and prevents them from becoming general. They are always accompanied by ill-health. We do not mean a breaking up of the frame, or that very road to death, which may be a kindly and chearful one, illumined by the sunset, as youth was by the dawn: but a polluted and artificial state of blood, or an insufficient vigour of existence,-that state in short, which is an exception to the general condition of humanity, and acts like the proof of a rule to the intentions of Nature, For these are so kind, that no mistake in the world, not even vice itself, is so sure to confuse a man's sensations and render them melancholy. Nature seems to say to us, Be, above all things, as natural as you can contrive,- -as much as possible in the best fashion of the mould in which I cast you, and you shall be happy." Nor is this un

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lucky for virtue, but most lucky: for it takes away its pride, and leaves it all its cheerfulness. Real vice will soon be found to be real unhealthiness: : nor could society have a better guide to the reformation of its moral system, than by making them as compatible as possible with every healthy impulse. But why, it may be asked, are we not all healthy? It is impossible to say: but this is certain, that the oftener a man asks himself that question, the more intimations he has that he is to try and get out of the tendency to ask them. We may live elsewhere: we may be compounded over again, and receive a new consciousness here ;-a guess, which if it seems dreary at first, might lead us to make a heaven of the earth we live in, even for our own sakes hereafter. But at all events, put, as Jupiter says in the fable, your shoulder to the wheel; and put it as chearfully as you can. The way that Andrea de Basso should have set about reforming the grosser Ferrarese beauties, would have been to shew them that their enjoyments were hurtful in proportion as they were extravagant; and less than they might be, in proportion as they were in bad taste. But to ask the healthy to be hypochondriacal; the beautiful to think gratuitously of ugliness; and the giddy, much less the wise, to desire to be angels in heaven by representing God as a cruel and eternal ponisher, is what never could, and never ought to have, a lasting effect on humanity.

It has been well observed, that life is a series of present sensations. It might be added, that the consciousness of the present moment is one of the strongest of those present sensations. Still this consciousness is a series, not a line; a variety with intervals, not a continuity and a haunting. If it were, it would be unhealthy: if it were unhealthy, it would be melancholy; if it were melancholy, the evident system upon which nature acts would be different. Thus it is impossible, that men should be finally led by gloomy, and not by pleasant doctrines. When the Ferrarese beauties read the poem of Andrea de Basso, it occupied the series of their sensations for a little while, more or less according to their thoughtfulness, and more or less even then according to their unhealthiness. The power of voluntary thought is proportioned to the state of the health. In a little time, the Ferrarese, being like other general multitudes, and even gayer, would turn to their usual reflections and enjoyments, as they accordingly did. About that period Ariosto was born. He rose to vindicate the charity and good-will of nature; and put forth more real wisdom, truth, and even piety, in his willing enjoyment of the creation, than all the monks in Ferrara could have mustered together for centuries.

To conclude, Andrea de Basso mistook his own self, as well as the means of instructing his callous beauty. We can imagine her disagreeable enough. There are few things more oppressive to the heart, than the want of feeling in those whose appearance leads others to feel intensely; the sight of beauty sacrificing its own real comfort as well as ours, by a heartless and indiscriminate love of admiration from young and old, the gross and the refined, the wise and the foolish, the goodnatured and the ill-natured, the happy-making and the vicious. If Andrea de Basso's heroine was one of this stamp, we can imagine her

to have irritated his best feelings, as well as his more suspicious ones. We hope she was not merely a giddy creature, who had not quite patience enough with her confessor. We hope also, many other things. Confessors are not persons to be provoked, either by ladies or gentlemen. Alfred the Great, when a youth, was accustomed to turn a deaf ear to the didactics of his holy kinsman St. Neot; for which, says the worthy Bishop Asser, who was nevertheless a great admirer of the King, and wrote his life, all those troubles were afterwards brought upon him and his kingdom. Be this as it may, and supposing the Ferrarese beauty to have been a cruel one, in the sense which the religious poet implies, he was not aware, while triumphing over her poor folly, and endeavouring to enjoy the thought of her torments, that he was confounding the very sentiment of the thing with its reverse, and doing his best to make himself a worse and more hard-hearted person than she. His efforts to make us think lightly of the most beautiful things in the external world, by shewing us that they will not always be what they are, that a smooth and graceful limb will `not for ever be the same smooth and graceful limb, nor an eye an eye, nor an apple an apple, are not as wise as they are poetical. To have said that the limb, unless admired with sentiment as well as ordinary admiration, is a very common-place thing to what it might be, and that there is more beauty in it than the lady supposed, would have been good. To make nothing of it, because she did not make as much as she could, is unwise. But above all, to consign her to eternal punishment, in the next world, because she gave rise to a series of fugitive evils in this,-granting even that she, and not her wrong education, was the cause of them,-is one of those idle worryings of himself and others, which only perplex further what they cannot explain, and have at last fairly sickened the world into a sense of their unhealthiness.

What then remains of the poetical denouncements of Andrea de Basso? Why the only thing which ought to remain, and which when left to itself retains nothing but its pleasure, their poetry. When Dante and Milton shall cease to have any effect as religious dogmatizers, they will still be the mythological poets of one system of faith, as Homer is of another. So immortal is pleasure, and so surely does it escape out of the throng of its contradictions.

Printed and published by JOSEPH APPLEYARD, No. 19, Catherine-street, Strand. Price 2d. And sold also by A. GLIDDON, Importer of Snuffs, No. 31, Tavistockstreet, Covent-garden. Orders received at the above places, and by all Booksellers and Newsmon.

THE INDICATOR.

There he arriving round about doth flie,
And takes survey with busie curious eye:
Now this, now that, he tasteth tenderly.

SPENSER.

No. XLIX.-WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13th, 1820.

THOUGHTS AND GUESSES ON HUMAN NATURE.

CONFUSION OF MODES OF BEING.

PEOPLE undertake to settle what ideas they shall have under such and such circumstances of being, when it is nothing but their present state of being, that enables them to have those ideas.

VARIETY OF THE COLOURS OF PERCEPTION.

There is reason to suppose, that our perceptions and sensations are much more different then we imagine, even upon the most ordinary things, such as visible objects in general, and the sense of existence. We have enough in common, for common intercourse; but the details are dissimilar, as we may perceive in the variety of palates. All people are agreed upon sweet and sour; but one man prefers sour to sweet, and another this and that variety of sour and sweet. "What then is the use of attempting to make them agree?" Why, we may try to make them agree upon certain general modes of thinking and means of pleasure:-we may colour their existence in the gross, though he must leave the particular shades to come out by themselves. We may enrich their stock of ideas, though we cannot controul the items of the expenditure.

CANNOT.

"But what if we cannot do even this?" The question is answered by experience. Whole nations and ages have already been altered in >their modes of thinking. Even if it were otherwise, the endeavour is itself one of the varieties; one of the modes of opinion and means of pleasure. Besides, CANNOT is the motto neither of knowledge nor humility. There is more of pride, and ignorance, and despair, in it, than of the modesty of wisdom. It would settle not only the past, but the future; and it would settle the future, merely because the past has not been influenced by those that use it.