a. The national government's object in establishing forest reserves is to protect the lumber industry.

CONCLUSION

I. Since, therefore, the methods of the lumber companies are objectionable from the point of view of the public at large;

II. Since under government ownership and control present errors would be corrected and the condition of the forests improved ;

III. Since a national reserve is the only practical solution. of the problem;

IV. Since the return which the forests would yield to the state under the lumber companies would be insignif

icant compared with the interests that would have to be sacrificed, and

V. Since the reservation would benefit the whole nation, Therefore, a national forest reserve should be established in the White Mountains.

industry that stands in greatest danger. Indeed, its danger amounts to a certainty that if conditions are not bettered, the lumber supply from the White Mountain region will fail absolutely in time to come. If this is a question that does not concern the nation, its whole policy in establish- 5 ing and maintaining forest reserves in the West is founded upon a fallacy.

Then let the nation assume the burden of preserving the White Mountains in as much as possible of their pristine beauty and usefulness. Private ownership has proved a 10failure, a complete and lamentable failure, - from scientific, economic and aesthetic points of view. The logical remedy is a systematized reserve under government ownership and management, and the federal government is the only one that is fitted, as regards financial status, equip- 15 ment and experience, to undertake the responsibility. The economic gain which New Hampshire is drawing from the operation of the lumber companies within her borders. is insignificant and doomed to vanish; the loss which she must inevitably sustain through a continuance of their 20 operations is vast and destined to increase. The whole nation must share her losses if she is permitted so ignominiously to lose; the whole nation will participate in her gains, if her wooded heights and glens are wrested from devastating hands and restored to their proper uses. The 25 White Mountain forests must be preserved. The selfseeking lumberman must cease his depredations upon the groves in which the hearts and interests of the people are so inextricably bound.

BRIEF

SHOULD THE UNITED STATES COLLECT THE DEBTS OF SAN DOMINGO?

INTRODUCTION

I. The history of the question is as follows:

A. The immediate cause for discussion is the submission of the San Domingo Treaty to the Senate, February 15, 1905.

B. The origin of the discussion lies in the facts that

1. A series of outbreaks from 1877 to 1904 impoverished the country and threw it into

debt.

2. The debts of San Domingo amount to from $24,000,000 to $30,000,000 and are steadily increasing.

a. $4,500,000 of this is owed to the

United States.

b. About $16,000,000 is owed to Euro

pean countries.

3. San Domingo has broken her agreement with France and Belgium to pay them certain annual sums.

4. In 1904, the United States was awarded $4,500,000, with the right to occupy certain custom-houses.

5. European creditors protested that they also had a right to have their debts paid. 6. As a result, President Roosevelt, unwilling to allow European powers to occupy custom-houses on this continent, drew up a treaty providing that the United States should collect all revenues and apply them to all debts, European and American. 7. The essential provisions of this treaty, which was drawn up at the repeated request of the San Domingo government, are as follows:

a. The United States occupies all custom-houses, collects the revenue, allows the republic 55 per cent and applies 45 per cent pro rata to all the debts.

b. The United States has the right to fortify custom-houses, its consent is required for any change of tariff, and it will aid the home government to maintain order.

8. Since at the last session of Congress, the Senate failed to act in this treaty, the revenues have meanwhile been temporarily collected by U. S. officials.

a. This plan was agreeable to all the parties concerned.

b. If the treaty fails, all the money so collected will be turned back into

the San Domingo treasury.

II. The advocates of the treaty contend that it should be

ratified, in that

A. The proposed plan will satisfy Europe, in that
1. It guarantees an annual payment to all
creditors.

B. It will benefit San Domingo, in that

1. Order will be better maintained, in that
a. The custom-houses, which are the
mainstay of revolutions, will be

in our control.

C. The plan embodied in the treaty is preferable to European intervention through the seizure of custom-houses, in that

1. We are the natural arbiters.

2. The latter plan involves the danger of permanent occupation of territory.

3. The latter plan involves great possibilities of international complications.

D. The proposed plan is preferable to an international alliance, in that

1. Our policy is opposed to alliances.

2. Such alliances are fruitful of great danger. E. The argument that the proposed action would set a dangerous precedent is not sound.

III. The negative side contends that the treaty should be defeated, in that

A. Although the present plan may offer advantages to Europe and San Domingo,

A'. Yet European occupation of custom-houses would be preferable, in that

1. The proposed action is unprecedented.

2. There is no danger of permanent occupation.