Elements of Inductive LogicAmerican Book Company, 1895 - 204 oldal |
Tartalomjegyzék
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Más kiadások - Összes megtekintése
Gyakori szavak és kifejezések
analogy antece antecedents application Aristotle ascer ascertained axiom of uniformity body causal connection causal relation chance circum circumstances coexistence colligation common conclusion concur consequent deduction definition determining distinction distinguish doctrine duction effect elimination empirical certainty equal eral event evidence example experience expressed fact formal formity formula furnish given heat hence hypothesis inductive inference Inductive Logic instances intuitive investigation John Herschel kind knowledge known Laws of Causation laws of thought light logicians major premise marks material mathematics matter meration merely method of agreement method of difference Mill nature Newton occur particular phenom phenomena phenomenon physical planets plurality of causes possible probability produce proof properties pure reason rules says scientific silver chloride similar simple enumeration simple observation stances statement strict certainty strictly supposition syllogism syllogistic things thought tion tive treatise true truth universal proposition variations varying Whewell
Népszerű szakaszok
175. oldal - Lastly, if it universally appears, by experiments and astronomical observations, that all bodies about the earth gravitate towards the earth, and that in proportion to the quantity of matter which they severally contain; that the moon likewise, according to the quantity of its matter, gravitates towards the earth; that, on the other hand, our sea gravitates towards the moon; and all the planets one towards another; and the comets in like manner towards the sun...
31. oldal - Every body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it.
7. oldal - Induction is that operation of mind by which we infer that what we know to be true in a particular case or cases, will be true in all cases which resemble the former in certain assignable respects. In other words, induction is the process by which we conclude that what is true of certain individuals of a class, is true of the whole class, or that what is true at certain times will be true under similar circumstances at all times.
176. oldal - And to us it is enough that gravity does really exist, and act according to the laws which we have explained, and abundantly serves to account for all the motions of the celestial bodies, and of our sea.
166. oldal - Mr. Darwin's remarkable speculation on the Origin of Species is another unimpeachable example of a legitimate hypothesis. What he terms "natural selection" is not only a vera causa, but one proved to be capable of producing effects of the same kind with those which the hypothesis ascribes to it ; the question of possibility is entirely one of degree. It is unreasonable to accuse Mr. Darwin (as has been done) of violating the rules of Induction. The rules of Induction are concerned with the conditions...
31. oldal - To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction: or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and directed to contrary pans.
86. oldal - The theory of chances consists in reducing all events of the same kind to a certain number of cases equally possible, that is, such that we are equally undecided as to their existence ; and in determining the number of these cases which are favourable to the event of which the probability is sought.
188. oldal - Pressure exerted anywhere upon a mass of liquid is transmitted undiminished in all directions, and acts with the same force on all equal surfaces, and in a direction at right angles to those surfaces.
199. oldal - MAN, as the minister and interpreter of nature, does and understands as much, as his observations on the order of nature, either with regard to things or the mind, permit him, and neither knows nor is capable of more.
32. oldal - ... a mysterious and most powerful tie, such as cannot, or at least does not, exist between any physical fact and that other physical fact on which it is invariably consequent and which is popularly termed its cause: and thence is deduced the supposed necessity of ascending higher into the essences and inherent constitution of things to find the true cause, the cause which is not only followed by, but actually produces, the effect.