LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 8, 1870. CONTENTS.-N° 106. NOTES:- Foundation and Dedication Stones, 27- Chaucer to Buckton, 28- Beza's New Testament, Ib. - The Sangreal, or Holy Grail - Dr. Arnold of Rugby Beggars becoming Landed Proprietors!-"Leaving no Stone unturned" - Club-foot: Kirk-wipe-Tap-room Ethics, 29. QUERIES:- Henry Buckle, 30-America and the BibleMr. John Angell-Bisque-Rev. James Barton- Another "Blue Boy" - Apparition of Old Booty at Stromboli, May 15, 1687-Bridgenorth (Salop) and Sheffield (Yorkshire) Castles - Position of the Creed, &c., in Churches Crests-Fanquei and Pang-Harold Family - Harvey's "Tourists' Guide through Cornwall," 1861- Hucknall under Huthwaite Kit's Coty House-"Life and Opinions of Bertram Montfichet"- Hymnology- Pickeridge, &c.— Prague Bridge-"The Rising Sun". Sadowa-Satyre Arms of Slaughter" -Smith Arms Vanden Bempde-Vowel Sounds-Whitwibans, Hamoundes, &c. - Wordsworth-Ebenezer Jones, 31. UERIES WITH ANSWERS:-Paignton Episcopal PalaceFrobenius Whittington's Drinking Fountain Dukedom of Montagu-Torture at Nuremberg and Munich: 1595 the Kiss of the Maiden, 34. The REPLIES:-Gainsborough's "Blue Boy," 35-Shakespeare Glosaries, 88-Hilding: a Fragment on Shaksperean Glossaries, 40-Document, &c.: a Fragment on Shaksperean Glossaries, 41-Dunbar Arms, 42-The Stuarts and Freemasonry. Ib.- Gallery of Comicalities," 43-Gesenius at Oxford - A Bundle of Old Newspapers: Mist the Pub: Correct Texts"-Families of Strelley and Vavasour-Bibliography of Archery - Linty -"Still Waters run deep" Monumental Brass, &c., 45. Notes on Books, &c. .. lisher Candidate Jobs-A few Words to a Lover of Potes. FOUNDATION AND DEDICATION STONES. The subject of foundation stones has been twice started in "N. & Q.," but without eliciting much information. An early instance is that of Salisbury cathedral, at the refounding of which by Bishop Poore in 1220 several commemorative stones were laid. The bishop laid one for the pope, a second for the archbishop, and a third for himself. William de Longuespee laid another, his wife another, and others were probably laid by other persons. It is remarkable that no less than nine dedication crosses exist on the exterior of the cathedral. Those directed by the pontifical of the Roman church are twelve in number and made internally, and traces of such crosses may still occasionally be found under the whitewash of the walls. These, however, being external and fewer in number, may possibly have some connection with the foundation stones. All of them have been inlaid with crosses flory of brass with one exception, which is a floriated cross of stone. This might have indicated the site of the stone laid for the pope. On the exterior of Uffington church, Berks, twelve crosses exist, and this again rather tends to show their relation to the internal crosses of consecration. They are not, however, placed precisely as the Pontifical specifies-three in each wall-but are disposed as follows: three under the east triplet; one under the triplet in the north, and one under that in the south transept; one below the string-course on the south wall of the nave; three under the west triplet; one under the string on the north wall of the nave; one under the string on the south wall of the chancel; one in the gable of the door in the east wall of the south transept. The last is within a quatrefoil; the others have had brass crosses inlaid within a circle. Affixed to a pier in Ashbourne church, Derbyshire, is the plate from the original dedication stone, which was found during some repairs. It bears the inscription in majuscule letters: "Anno ab Incarnacione Dni м°CCXLI VIII° kl' Maii dedicata est hec eccia et hoc altare consecratum in honorē sci Oswaldi regis et martiris a venerabili patre Domino Hugone de Patishul Coventrensi Episcopo." The foundation stone of the church of S. Michael, Penkevel, Cornwall, is in the northeast angle of the chancel, and consists of a slab of granite about 5 inches thick by 2 feet 6 inches square. It was laid, no doubt, as Mr. Street informs us, in the time of Bishop Walter Bronescombe, at the consecration of the church on August 13, 1261, in honour of S. Michael. It bears a cross patée and the letters SCS MICHA ARCHA and also WAR EPI, commemorating the patron saint and the bishop. Both of these, however, appear to be rather dedication than foundation stones. Another example is preserved in the wall of the chapter-house of Christ Church, Oxford, being the foundation or dedication stone of Wolsey's College at Ipswich, laid June 15, 1528, by the Bishop of Lydda. It is engraved in Dr. Ingram's Memorials of Oxford. With regard to the deposit of coins in foundation stones, an early instance is mentioned in Trollope's Life of Filippo Strozzi, in quoting a diary of the period. The writer was present as the concrete for the foundation of the Strozzi palace was completed, and relates that as he came up at that moment Filippo himself was there, "And as I stood by his side, says he to me, Take a stone and cast it in, and so I did. Indeed, I put my hand into my pocket while he stood by, and threw into the foundation an old quattrino marked with the giglio." He adds and he looked down into the foundations" (they were "And I took Guarnieri" (his son) "on my shoulder, laid from 20 to 30 feet deep). "And I gave him a quattrino with the giglio on it to throw in. And I made him throw in also a bunch of damask roses that he had in his hand." Thoresby in his Diary, under Aug. 27, 1722, notes that he "went in procession to the Burrow Lane, where Parson Robinson laid the first stone of the new church (and three guineas under it for the workmen)." This is a new view of the object of the deposit, and one which doubtless has been taken by the workmen themselves from time to time. Whether from this or some other cause, it appears that no exertions availed to reveal the foundation stone of the late Blackfriars Bridge, although the old work was thoroughly eradicated. There is a service in the Roman Pontifical for the benediction and laying of the first stone of a church by the bishop. Such a service is mentioned as having been performed in the presence of Queen Henrietta Maria on the laying the first stone of the chapel at Somerset House in September 1632 :— "On Fryday at eleven in the fornoon Her Majesty with her owne handes helpt to lay the twoe first square corner stones, with a silver plate of equall dimension between them, in the foundation of her Capuchins churche intended to be built in the Tennis court-yard of Somerset house, which stones, in the presence of 2000 people at least, they consecrated with great ceremony, having caused to be ingraven uppon the upper part of that plate the pictures of their Magesties as Founders, and the lower side, of the Capuchines as consecratours."-Ellis's Letters, 2nd Series, iii. 271. Six of the tombstones formerly laid in the pavement of this chapel are fixed in the wall of one of the vaults of Somerset House, and the inscriptions on three of them are to be found in The Builder, xix. 356. VEBNA. CHAUCER TO BUCKTON. The following envoy (=postscript), answering to the modern dedication, is appended to The Book of the Duchess; and from the references contained in it to "the writings, proverbs, or figures," and especially to the Wife of Bath, it is clear, I think, that not only The Book of the Duchess, but The Legend of Good Women and The Canterbury Tales were also sent or inscribed to Buckton. Chaucer wrote these in the last ten years of his life. The latter was probably the Peter de Buketon who was escheator for the county of York to Richard II. in 1397; whilst it is certain that Chaucer was comptroller of customs in the port of London. Chaucer and John of Gaunt (the first Duke of Lancaster and father of Henry IV.) married sisters.† Buckton and Chaucer appear to have been widowers; and Chaucer's object was to persuade Buckton not to marry a second time, on the ground that both had suffered enough from their several marriages with one wife each, from which "bond" death had relieved them. There is only one expression which is of unknown meaning "to be taen in frise"; but I consider that "frise" means temptation, and is of kin to fraisans in the Moso-Gothic (Mark i. 13, viii. 11), fristelse in Danish, frestelse in Swedish, fristelse in Norwegian, freistne in Icelandic, and versicking in Friesic. *Blanch, mother of Henry IV. and first wife of John of Gaunt. + John of Gaunt's second marriage. L'ENVOY DE CHAUCER À BUKTON. My master Bukton, whan1 of Christ, our king, Experience shall thee teäch, so may happe, 29 BEZA'S NEW TESTAMENT. Beza's edition of Novum Testamentum, sive novum Fadus, comprised his Greek text with a new Latin version, together with a reprint of the Vulgate; and he added to the whole a considerable body of notes. The book made its first appearance before the world, as he himself tells us, in 1557. It was republished, with a dedication to our Queen Elizabeth, in 1564. The following is the date of this dedication: "Geneva, Anno a nato Jesu Christo, M.D.lxiiii, Decembr. xix, quo die ante biennium Gallica_nobilitas, illustrissimo principe Condensi duce, Regiæ tuæ Majestatis et illustrissimorum quorundam Germaniæ principum subsidiis freta, non procul Druidum urbe fortissimè preliata, prima restituendæ in Galliis Christianæ religionis fundamenta sanguine suo feliciter Deo consecravit." It will be remembered that Beza himself was present at the battle of Dreux, where the Prince " of Condé, to whose person he was at that time attached, was taken prisoner. I am not acquainted with such further issues of Beza's work on the New Testament as occurred in his lifetime, between 1564 and 1598, which latter is the date of the final revision of the work by the hand of Beza himself. This revised edition, the fifth, much altered and improved, was again dedicated to Elizabeth, Queen of England, with the date Geneva, calendis Augusti, anno ultimæ Dei patientiæ CLO.LO.XVIII." From the prefatory address to the "Christian Reader," we learn that Beza was now in his eightieth year. His enemies had pretended that he was dead; but he describes himself as still vigorous and anxious to testify to his last breath against "exsecrandam illam urbi septicolli insidentem meretricem." This amended edition seems to have escaped the notice of Dean Alford, as well as of Dr. Bloomfield before him : the latter of whom, in his Greek Testament appends this note at Heb. x. 15-18: "Here Beza, De Dieu, and Storr rightly connect μerà yàp тò πроеιрηк. with Aéye Kupios a little after." Dean Alford, in his Greek Testament, observes on the same place of the Epistle to the Hebrews: "the break at Aéye Kópios is adopted by Beza, Camerarius, &c." This is true of Camerarius; but Beza, in his last edition above referred to, makes the following correction in a note on v. 16: "λéyei Kúpios. Verba hæc sunt Prophetæ, non autem Pauli, quod in prioribus editionibus non satis animadvertem": and as Scholtz notices, he reads, at v. 17 in the Greek text of his last edition, TÓTE ELPNKE. I have now lying before me the Cambridge edition of Beza's New Testament, reprinted, according to his last revision, in 1642. The following is the title: "Jesu Christi Domini nostri Novum Testamentum, sive Novum Foedus, cujus Græco contextui respondent interpretationes duæ : una, vetus; altera, Theodori Beza. Ejusdem Theod. Beza Annotationes, etc. Accessit etiam Joachimi Camerarii in Novum Foedus Commentarius, etc. Cantabr. Acad. Typ. мMDCXLII.' The two dedications to Queen Elizabeth, and the prefatory address above referred to, are prefixed. Camerarius's Commentary is printed at the end of the volume. Hollington Rectory. S. A. But the medieval romances of Morte d'Arthur, Le St. Graal, Lancelot du Lac, and Perceforest, treat it as the dish which held the Paschal lamb of the Last Supper. St. Joseph of Arimathea is said to have visited the house and carried the vessel away, and placed in it the blood which flowed from our Lord's wounds when he took the body from the cross. For forty-two years, when in prison, he was sustained by the grail, and when liberated conveyed it to Britain. The word is probably derived from the old French or Celtic gréal, Provençal grazal, old Latin gradalis, a kind of dish. In the Treasury at Genoa is a dish of green glass (long supposed to be of emerald), hexagonal, of two palms width, called the Sacro Catino, said to be the Paschal dish in question. It was brought from Cæsarea in 1101, and its workmanship is very fine. Mr. Baring-Gould, in his Curious Myths of the Middle Ages (2nd Series, p. 351), traces the legend to Druidic times. He thinks that the Pheredur in the "Red Book" in the library of Jesus College, Oxford, is the origin of the Perceval of Chrétien de Troyes, which differs somewhat from the Morte d'Arthur. The "Red Book" is a collection of prose and verse romances and tales, begun in 1318 and finished in 1454, containing legends of great antiquity. The sacred vessel in Pheredur was a heathen relic, and Pheredur was not a Christian. Perceval and Pheredur are believed both to mean the same, i. e. Companion of the Basin." JOHN PIGGOT, JUN., F.S.A. of the Life of Dr. Arnold, by the present Dean of DR. ARNOLD OF RUGBY.-A studious reperusal Westminster, convinces me that no greater man upon the whole than Arnold has appeared in our century. This may strike many of your readers as a truism, but to others the case may not be so apparent; and it is with a view to the latter class of persons, or rather to the public at large, that I would take advantage of one of the means afforded by "N. & Q." and suggest that the above work (which is as admirable in its literary construction as it is interesting in its subject) should be issued in a cheap edition. I feel sure that the benefit of such a reprint would be very great, especially at the present time, when the guidance of a master mind is more than ever needed to keep inquiry from breaking into lawlessness, and to insist upon the paramount claims of the principles of reverence and humility. J. W. W. Winchester. BEGGARS BECOMING LANDED PROPRIETORS !At a time when the public mind is much occupied by the difficulties that surround the "land question" of Ireland, it may be interesting to know how, in one part of France, the attempt has been made for the solution of one of the most embar rassing of all problems in connection with it, viz. the remunerative employment of an industrious population reduced to a state of mendicancy. I quote from a work that may be regarded as published "by authority." Referring to the Commune of St. Jacut-duMené, Canton of Collinée, in the Department of the Côtes-du-Nord, it is stated : "Thirty years ago Saint Jacut was covered with heaths (landes), and its population in 1832 numbered 664 in habitants, of whom the greater portion had to eke out an existence by begging (dont la forte partie demandait son existence à l'aumône). Confidence was reposed in the intelligence and energy of the poor. Waste lands (des terrains vagues) were sold to irresponsible beggars (mendians sans responsabilité) on these conditions: first that they should be enclosed within the first year; and, secondly, that they should be put in course of cultivation, and paid for in five years. The poor set themselves to work; they laboured with borrowed tools for three days in each week, and the other three days were engaged in seeking for food to enable them to toil. And here now are the results of such proceedings: The population of 664 inhabitants has, in the course of thirty years, increased to more than 1,039, the soil cleared for tillage is fully 600 hectares, whilst the number of those who may be regarded as really indigent is, at present, no more than twenty. Grand and magnificent solution of a most difficult problem - poor beggars have been changed into landed proprietors!-Géographie départementale des Côtes-du-Nord, rédigée sur les documents officiels les plus récents, par J. Gaultier Du Mottay, conseiller-général, etc. p. 738. (Paris, 1862.) Seven years have passed away since this curious statement was published, and one cannot but feel a curiosity to know how these new landed proprietors are "progressing." As the canton adjoins that in which I am now residing, it is my intention, when the fine weather comes, to pay a visit to Saint-Jacut-du-Mené; but before doing so I think it will be well to have some extra sous in my pockets, as I apprehend an extra demand being made by some of the gentry " to be found in that locality. WM. B. MAC CABE. Moncontour, Côtes-du-Nord. "LEAVING NO STONE UNTURNED."-There is a curious employment of this phrase in its literal, not in its metaphorical, sense in Ludolf's Ethiopia, quoted by Jardine, Naturalists' Library, "Animals," xiii. 74, note: and the reason for their use of such a singular term is thus explained: If a woman, while pregnant, happen to enter a churchyard and inadvertently wipe her feet upon a grave, the child which she bears will be club-footed, or kirkwiped; hence the phrase, "he or she has a kirk-wipe." This strange opinion has no doubt originated from the devout reverence which it is natural to pay to the remains of the departed, and the disregard of which was anciently believed to incur immediate punishment by supernatural agency. (Vide Dumfries Monthly Magazine, September 1826, p. 253.) R. B. P. TAP-ROOM ETHICS.-On looking into the various rooms of the Greyhound Inn at Belton, near Grantham, the other day, I found, painted in white letters on a black ground, the following lines: "Since man to man is so unjust, No man can tell what man to trust; Queries. J. BEALE. HENRY BUCKLE. And in Fate, dame Nature's daughter. I believe in steam and rice, As a means to raise the masses. MR. JOHN ANGELL. This gentleman was in the year 1787 a teacher of stenography, at No. 7, Fownes Street, Dublin. He published a Stenographycal Grammar, which went into a fourth edition. He likewise had works in manuscript, entitled "Angell's History of all Religions," four vols. octavo; and "Angell's Dissertation on Prayer," one vol. octavo, all in short-hand. In the above year these volumes were in the hands of Gilbert & Hodges, Dame Street, Dublin, his publishers. Could any of your readers tell if Mr. Angell has any kinsfolk alive, and if alive their residence; also if there are any copies of the Stenographycal Grammar in existence, and where; and if the above two works in manuscript are to be found anywhere? A, B. Edinburgh. P.S.-M. Angell, Lincoln's Inn, was a bookseller in 1787, and sold Mr. Angell's works in London. ANOTHER " BLUE BOY." -Much is said just now of the painting of the "Blue Boy." A few years since, I bought at the sale of a relative, Miss Bowdon of Radford, a painting of a "Blue Boy," well finished. It was three-quarter length. No colour but blue, with lights in white; a light wig, fall necktie with narrow black ribband, coat thrown back, waistcoat with flap pockets, eleven button holes, right hand in waistcoat, left hand on hip; dark back ground, with some foliage in the right-hand corner. At the auction, it was said to be of Miss Bowdon's mother's first husband Tufton. Miss Bowdon's father, born in 1743, married Elizabeth Clements of Oxford. Can any one furnish information which may lead to the identification of the portrait, or of the painter? ED. MARSHALL. APPARITION OF OLD BOOTY AT STROMBOLI, MAY 15, 1687.-One of the various correspondents who use the signature ANON. tells us (2nd S. iii. 316) that old Booty was a dishonest baker in London who supplied a Smyrna trader with such bad biscuit as to cause sickness and death among the crew that some of the crew saw the wicked baker on the verge of the burning crater of Stromboli struggling hard with the devil; and losing all fear, in the interest and excitement of the contest, cheered on the combatants, clapping their hands that here we have the true origin of this curious and vociferating, "Pull devil, pull baker!"-and expression. Now this apparition led to a remarkable trial in the Court of King's Bench, and I should like to know if the above details are to be found in the records, or at least to know where ANON. got them. They are not mentioned in two accounts of the affair which I have before me. Extracts from the records are given by General Cockburn in his Voyage up the Mediterranean in 1810 (ii. 335), and are quoted in Neale's Unseen World (p. 174). A similar_account is given in the Appendix to Howitt's Ennemoser (ii. 373): "the Captain Spinks's journal or log-book, and the former part of this narrative is transcribed from latter from the King's Bench records." In Cockburn's extracts Booty is styled "a receiver." ANON.'s details give a point and piquancy to the story which it has not in Cockburn or Howitt. In Mr. Howitt's narrative it is said: 66 Captains Bristo, Brian, and Barnaby went on shore shooting colnies on Stromboli." The first two names, I think, should be Bristow and Brown, as Cockburn gives them; and "colnies," I suspect, is a misprint for "conies," as in Neale's quotation the word is "rabbits." Q. Q. BRIDGENORTH (SALOP) AND SHEFFIELD (YORKSHIRE) CASTLES. - Can any of your readers in * connection with the British Museum or otherwise inform me whether any drawing or print is known to exist showing the state of either of the above castles previous to the time of Cromwell; and if so, by what means can an inspection of the sanie be granted? H. The Quadrant, Suffolk Road, Sheffield. POSITION OF THE CREED, ETC., IN CHURCHES.In the church of West Hoathly in Sussex, the Creed, Commandments, &c., may still be seen under whitewash and panelling on the west wall of the nave. Why were they so placed? Is [* We are credibly informed there are no engravings of these castles anterior to the time of Cromwell in the British Museum.-ED.] |