therefore, her sister Alice Willoughby must have been another daughter of Lord Botetourt and Maud."

I was not specially employed on any of the pedigrees it concerns when I read this ingenious correction; but the reasoning seemed to be sound, and to be strengthened by the fact that the date of Robert Ufford's marriage, in 1337, is just what one would have expected for the parents of Lady Oxford, who was herself married in 1359 or just before (cf. Esch. 34 Edw. III. 84). On reflection, however, I see two insuperable objections to this theory:-1. If Lady Oxford had been the daughter of Elizabeth Latimer by Robert de Ufford, her heir ex parte materná, in 1413, would have been not the grandson of her mother' sister, but either John Nevill Lord Latimer, the lineal descendant of her mother's first marriage, or (if we exclude the half-blood) Joan Lady Swynborne, who was then in the actual possession of the Essex estates of the Botetourts, as the heir of John Botetourt, eldest brother of the whole blood of the said Elizabeth. 2. If Lady Oxford was the daughter of John Lord Botetourt, her sister Alice must have been another daughter of his; and must, therefore, have been born at the very latest in 1324, when her father died, and her mother was above fifty-two years of age. (Cf. Esch. 23 Edw. I. 135, and 30 Edw. 1. 38.) This would make Alice above twenty-five years older than her husband Robert Willoughby, who was born about 1349; and it is incredible that, in that age of wardships, the heir of Willoughby would have married at eighteen a woman of forty-three with no extraordinary claims to rank or wealth. | Besides, we know that Robert Willoughby's third wife Elizabeth was the great-granddaughter of John de Botetourt and Maud; and it is most improbable that one of his wives should be the daughter, and another should be the great-granddaughter of the same persons.

These objections seem to me to be fatal to the theory put forward in the Collectanea, and I have read no other which can be even plausibly maintained. I am driven therefore to the conclusion, that the filiation of Maud Countess of Oxford, and the parentage of her aunt Alice Willoughby, are genealogical problems which have still to be solved. TEWARS.

P.S. I have just read H. S. G.'s note, and hasten to add a few remarks on it by way of postscript. I had not overlooked that it has been assumed by Banks, and roundly asserted in the Topographer and Genealogist (ii. 271), that the jury on the inquest of Lady Oxford were all wrong in finding that Robert Willoughby was the heir of the countess through his grandmother Alice, the sister of her mother; and that "their finding ought to have been," that he was her

heir through his great-grandmother Cecily, the niece of the supposed father of the countess. Now it is, of course, possible that the finding on this or any other inquest was wrong, but it is obviously unreasonable to set aside the express statement of a legal record except upon the clearest evidence: whereas in this case the only ground that I can see for impugning the record is, that our knowledge of the surrounding facts is too imperfect for us to be able to explain all the conclusions deduced from it. Besides, the corrected finding which these gentlemen are obliging enough to supply for the jury opens up a new difficulty: for we know that Cecily Willoughby was one of three sisters and co-heirs, who all left issue; if therefore the relationship was traced through her, Robert Willoughby could not possibly have been the heir of the countess, for the descendants of Cecily's two sisters would have been found co-heirs with him. It therefore seemed unnecessary to notice an assumption which is supported by no evidence, and which only substitutes one difficulty for another.

H. S. G. corrects my remark, that Elizabeth and Alice were co-heirs: and it is probably true, as I have shown in my note, that they were neither the daughters nor the co-heirs of John Lord Botetourt; but it seems evident from the Ing. p. m. of 1413, that they were (at all events, in their issue) the co-heirs of their father, whoever he may have been. Their father, however, could scarcely have been Sir William Skipwith, the Chief Baron, as H. S. G. has adopted from Collins: for the heir of Lady Oxford would have been found in the heir of the Chief Baron's eldest son, if her mother had been his daughter.

As to the statement, that Robert Lord Willoughby married Elizabeth, daughter of Jobn, third Earl of Salisbury, it is quite clear from a comparison of dates that this cannot refer to Robert the fourth lord: for his son and heir William was born about 1368, whilst his supposed grandfather, the third Earl of Salisbury, did not marry until the end of 1382 (Esch. 6 Rich. II. 14); so that William, the fifth lord, must in HERMENTRUDE'S pedigree be at least fifteen years older than his mother. The match with Montacute is not noticed in the Willoughby pedigrees; but Dugdale mentions it under "Montacute" (i. 651), and there is no difficulty in believing that Elizabeth was the first wife of Robert sixth Lord Willoughby, who was about the same age as the fourth Earl of Salisbury (cf. Esch. 1 Hen. IV. 11, and Esch. 11 Hen. IV. 15). She must have died young and s. p. ; and it raises a slight presumption in favour of a previous marriage, that Lord Willoughby's daughter and heir by his wife Maud was not born until 3 Hen. VI., when he was thirty-eight years old (Esch. 30 Hen. VI. 18).

WAKEFIELD, YORKSHIRE (4th S. v. 92.)—I am unable to answer C. L.'s query; but I advise him to be quick in obtaining his information, for I hear that, in spite of repeated protests from their architect, the vicar and churchwardens are just going to destroy the chancel floor, consisting almost entirely of monumental stones, and to lay down a black and white pavement. Can nothing be done to stop this kind of thing? SNAIX.

HISTORY OF THREE IMPOSTORS (4th S. iv. 561; v. 50.)-An account of Padre Ottomano and Mohamed Bei (alias Don Philippi) will be found in the Turkish Spy, vol. iv. book 1. letter 40, and vol. v. book II. letter 17; and of Sabata Sevi or Levi, in vol. vi. book II. letters 11 and 12; also in Sketches of Imposture and Credulity (Murray's Family Library). The book itself I have seen in the Cape Town library, some years ago.

Portsmouth.

H. H.

CIGARS (4th S. iv. 30.)-The following extract from English Reprints, No. xix. p. 87 (London, 1869), on "The Introduction of Tobacco into England," is an earlier one than those given by MR. J. WILKINS:

"3. Thomas Pennant, in his Journey to Snowdon, p. 28, ed. 1781, which forms the second volume of his Tour in Wales, the first of which was published in 1778, gives the following account of William Middleton, the third son of Richard Middleton, Governor of Denbigh Castle, and brother to Sir Hugh Middleton, the sixth son in that family.

"The particular information, from It is sayed' to †, is given on the authority of the Sebright MSS., i.e. MSS. formerly belonging to Mr. Edward Lloyd, but lent by him to Sir John Sebright, Bart., in whose possession they were at the date of Pennant's preface, March 1, 1781. The last part of the paragraph is merely Pennant's speculation, but there may be some truth in the MS. legend. "The third, William, was a sea captain, and an eminent poet. His early education was at Oxford; but his military turn led him abroad, where he signalized himself as soldier and sailor. He translated the Psalms into

Welsh metre, and finished them on Jan. 4th, 1595, "apud Scutum insulam occidentalium Indorum "; which, as well as his Barddonaeth, or Art of Welsh Poetry, were published in London, the first in 1603, the other in 1593. It is sayed that he, with Captain Thomas Price, of Plâsyollin, and one Captain Koet, were the first who smoked, or (as they called it) drank tobacco publickly in London; and that the Londoners flocked from all parts to see them.'t

"[Note.]t Pipes were not then invented, so they used the twisted leaves, or segars. The invention is usually ascribed to Sir Walter Raleigh. It may be so; but he was too good a courtier to smoke in public, especially in the reign of James, who even condescended to write a book against the practice under the title of The Counter

blast to Tobacco."

the universe make me think about the household clocks, which in our district are always feminine. We say "Shoo goes weel," "Shoo wants reggolaatin," and so on. In our dialect inanimate objects (sun and moon included) are, as elsewhere, in general neuter. Why the household clock should form an exception, and, like the French la pendule, be feminine, is more than I can account for. STEPHEN JACKSON.

Malham Moor, Craven.

The

LEAVING NO STONE UNTURNED (4th S. v. 30.) It may interest T. A. H. to know that there is a species of bird called the "turnstone" (Strepsilas, Illiger) of the order of "Stilt birds" (Gralla, Linn.) I have a vivid recollection of the deep interest I took in the movements of a large number of these birds, when on a visit to the Jardin des Plantes in Paris some years ago. rapidity and assiduity with which these pretty creatures turn over the stones in their little court in search of food is most remarkable. In the circumstances, however, in which I saw them their labours were not very well rewarded, and yet they well deserved to be, for truly they did not leave a stone unturned to accomplish their purpose. It is not at all unlikely that the phrase "leaving no stone unturned" is derived from the habits of these wonderful birds. I think-though I am not ornithologist enough to state with ceris common to our tainty-that the "turnstone shores. L. J. PLATT. Stirling.

GODWIN SWIFT. (4th S. v. 66.)-In reply to the inquiry of HERMANVILLE, I beg to say that Godwin Swift was the eldest son of Thomas Swift, Vicar of Goderich, Herefordshire.

Jonathan, the brother of Godwin, married Abigail Erick (a member of the Leicestershire family of that name, now called Heyrick), and his son was Jonathan Swift, the Dean of St. Patrick's, born Nov. 30, 1667; to whom, therefore, Godwin Swift was uncle.

I find no record of any member of the family settling in America. The Swifts' coat-of-arms is to be found in Gwillim, and is what HERMANVILLE describes it to be.

JULIA CECILIA SWIFT.

Somerby Rectory, Grantham.

FRENCH LYRICS (3rd S. xii. 119.)-MR. GusTAVE MASSON is so learned and discriminative a student of his native poetry, that few lyrics, if any, can escape his notice, when found worthy of being treasured up for a new edition of his Lyre française. In a recent article of the Revue des deux Mondes, on French poets and poetry, some extracts were given from the works of living writers who aspire to a place on the French Parnassus; and one short poem, in particular, is so striking from its severe simplicity and truthfulness to nature, that a translation of it, which I now send, may gratify French readers of "N. & Q." who are now so widely scattered through the length and breadth of France. J. MACRAY. Oxford.

"LA TOMBL.

Par M. PAILLERON.

"The first man that I saw depart
(I was too young to bleed at heart,
That anguish comes when hope is high),
It was to see my father die.

The second death-my brother's-yet
I see him with a fond regret!
Embracing him, by doubt held fast,
Half-muttered growls at Heaven I cast.
But on the day my mother died-
'Twas her this third time left my side-
I smiled, and said with hopeful trust,
The soul must live for ever-must!
Since then no more I rave and weep,
Nor tears nor anguish now I keep;
No more I suffer, hope is nigh;
No more I doubt, but look on high."

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Contributions to the Literature of the Fine Arts. By Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, F.R.S., D.C.L., late President of the Royal Academy, and Director of the National Gallery. Second Series. With a Memoir compiled by Lady Eastlake. (Murray.)

Students of art in England are largely indebted to Sir Charles Eastlake, and this owing in no small degree to his peculiar character, in which powers of organisation, capacity for business, and all that is supposed to belong to practical common sense, were combined with the most sensitive type of the artist nature. To the latter he owed that success in his profession which made him President of the Royal Academy; to the former the administrative power which enabled him to discharge successfully the duties of that high station and its kindred office, the Directorship of the National Gallery. It was fitting, then, that Sir Charles's final Contributions to the Literature of the Fine Arts, here printed-which consist of three Essays, the first, "How to Observe," being intended to assist the intelligent observation of works of art; the second being devoted to the "Difference between Language and Art, the Beautiful and the Sublime; Representation of The Saviour," &c.; and the third, "On the Characteristic Differences between the Formative Arts and Descriptive Poetry,"-should be accompanied by a Memoir of this accomplished artist and critic. This task naturally devolved upon Lady Eastlake. The Memoir of her husband is characterised by great good taste, delicacy, and feeling; and the volume is at once a fitting

tribute to the memory of Sir Charles Eastlake, and a valuable addition to the list of English Art Biographies. Whimsicalities: a Periodical Gathering. By Thomas Hood. To which are added, "York and Lancaster" and "Lost and Found," a Fragment (hitherto unpublished), "The Epping Hunt," and " Eugene Aram." With the Original Illustrations by the Author, John Leech, George Cruikshank, and W. Harvey. (Moxon.) A new edition of Hood's Whimsicalities carries its best recommendation on its title-page; and when that titlepage announces that the quibbles and quiddities of this richest of all word-humourists are illustrated by his own

pictorial puns, and the scarcely less admirable woodcuts by Leech, Cruikshank, and Harvey, it leaves nothing to be said. We regret that the volume does not contain Hood's "Lament for the Decline of Chivalry"; but as that is the case we purpose, next week, in compliance with the request of several correspondents, to reprint it in our own columns.

Shakespeare illustrated by the Lex Scripta. By William Lowes Rushton, of Gray's Inn, Barrister-at-Law. The First Part. (Longman.)

Mr. Rushton's first appearance as an illustrator of Shakespeare was in an ingenious little volume entitled Shakespeare a Lawyer, in which he anticipated Lord Campbell's better known volume. Several works of similar character, in which Mr. Rushton has brought his professional knowledge to bear on the elucidation of obscure passages in the text of our great dramatist, have displayed considerable ingenuity and acumen; and this new volume, much of which has been contributed to the Berlin Society for the Study of Modern Languages, and been published in the Society's Journal, is marked by the same characteristics.

BOOKS RECEIVED.-The Glossary of Cornish Names, Local and Family, Ancient and Modern, Celtic, Teutonic, &c., by the Rev. John Bannister, LL.D., Part II. (Netherton. Truro), bring the glossary down to "Clubberley"; and contains on its wrapper a list of unexplained names, &c., respecting which Dr. Bannister invites information and assistance.

Atchley's Builders' Price Book for 1870, for Architects, Engineers, Contractors, Builders, &c. (Atchley & Co.), is no doubt, as the publishers assure us, a book of which the previous editions have been found most useful by those for whose benefit it has been prepared; but we can only record its existence.

The English Method of Teaching to Read-The Nursery Book; The First Course; The Second Course; The Third and Fourth Courses-by A. Sonnenschein and J. M. D. Meiklejohn, M.A. (Macmillan), exhibit considerable ingenuity in what has long been recognised as a want, namely, some improvement in the old-fashioned system of nursery instruction.

TESTIMONIAL TO THE MEMORY AND SERVICES OF THE LATE B. B. WOODWARD, Esq. As a testimony to the memory and services of this lamented gentleman, Her Majesty's Librarian at Windsor Castle, whose sudden death and unsuccessful attempts in public-spirited endeavours to establish the "Fine Art Quarterly Review" and other works, have left his family very inadequately provided for, an influential Committee has been formed for the purpose of raising a sum of money, by subscription, for the benefit of his widow and children. All who enjoyed the privilege of visiting the Library at Windsor, the treasures of which had been made accessible by the enlightened liberality of the Prince Consort, will remember how much they were indebted to Mr. Woodward for his uniform kindness and urbanity, and how completely his knowledge and experience were at the service