Manual of Geology: Treating of the Principles of the Science with Special Reference to American Geological History, for the Use of Colleges, Academies, and Schools of ScienceBliss, 1866 - 800 oldal |
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alumina Ammonites animal Appalachian region Atlantic Azoic basin beds border Brachiopods calcareous Calciferous Canada carbonate Carboniferous clay Coal measures coast color common conglomerate containing coral Cretaceous Crinoids crust crystalline crystals deposits depth Devonian earth east eastern elevation England Eocene epoch Europe extinct feet thick feldspar fishes formation fossils Ganoids genera genus geological glacier globe gneiss granite height Helderberg hornblende Hudson inches interior islands Jurassic kinds Lake land later lavas layers lime limestone Lower Silurian magnesia Mammals marine Mesozoic metamorphic mica miles mineral Miocene Mississippi Mollusks nearly Niagara North America occur ocean Oolite Paleozoic period Permian plants Post-tertiary Potsdam progress quartz reef represented Reptiles River rocks Rocky Mountains sand sandstone schist shales shells side siliceous slope species Spirifer stones strata stream structure Subcarboniferous subsidence surface Tertiary tion Trenton Triassic tribe Trilobites Upper Silurian valley vegetation veins Vertebrates volcanic waters York
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556. oldal - Tigers as large again as the biggest Asiatic species lurked in the ancient thickets; elephants of nearly twice the bulk of the largest individuals that now exist in Africa or Ceylon roamed...
692. oldal - ... being concealed from view by the lavas. But frequently small cones form over the wider parts of the rent, and stand along the lava-field, marking the courses of the fissures. mending of the fracture by a filling of solid lava, the mountain is stronger than before. (d.) Eruptions periodical.—Three eruptions occurred at Kilauea at intervals of eight to nine years, this being the length of time required to fill the crater up to the point of outbreak, or four to five hundred feet. The action was...
650. oldal - I ascertained, in 1829, some facts which throw light on the rate at which the sea gains upon the land. It was computed, when the present inn was built, in 1805, that it would require seventy years for the sea to reach the spot ; the mean loss of land being calculated, from previous observations, to be somewhat less than one yard annually. The distance between the house and the sea was fifty yards ; but no allowance was made for the slope of the ground being from the sea, in consequence of which,...
596. oldal - ... —the temple of nature fused over its surface and throughout its structure. The study of the past has opened to view no such result. Geology appears to bring us directly before the Creator; and, while opening to us the methods through which the forces of nature have accomplished His...
607. oldal - ... is no doubt formed from a succulent vegetation, such as the grasses, marsh plants and mosses that accumulate, year after year, on the surface of swamps and low marshy lands. According to DANA, (Manual of Geology, p. 613,) "the peat of temperate climates is due to the growth of mosses belonging to the genus Sphagnum. This plant forms a loose turf, and has the property of dying at the extremity of the roots as it increases above; and it thus may gradually form a bed of great thickness. The roots...
394. oldal - In a corresponding manner there were often one or more new species with each new kind of layer, and generally several with each change in the strata; while many appeared with the opening of an epoch, and a whole fauna, nearly, with the commencement of a period. There is, then, this grand principle:— Creations and extinctions of species were going on through the whole course of the history, instead of being confined to particular points of time; but at the close of long periods and epochs there...
126. oldal - The age- of Mammals was foreshadowed by the appearance of mammals long before, in the course of the Reptilian age. And the age of Reptiles was prophesied in types that lived in the earlier Carboniferous age.
739. oldal - In this succession, we observe not merely an order of events like that deduced from science ; there is a system in the arrangement, and a far-reaching prophecy to which philosophy could not have attained, however instructed. " The account recognizes in creation two great eras of three days each, — an Inorganic and an Organic. Each of these eras opens with the appearance of light ; the first, light cosmical ; the second, light from, the sun for the special uses of the earth. Each era ends in a '...
714. oldal - The Palaeozoic zone, therefore, included between the Great Valley and the Backbone escarpment, is occupied by as many pairs of parallel mountains as there are great parallel faults; and as these faults range in straight lines at nearly equal distances from each other, these mountains run with remarkable uniformity, side by side, for a hundred or two hundred miles, and are finally cut off, either by short cross faults, or by slight angular changes in the courses of the great faults.
738. oldal - The central thought of each step in the Scripture cosmogony— for example, Light,—the dividing of the fluid earth from the fluid around it, individualizing the earth,—the arrangement of its land and water,—vegetation,—and so on—is brought out in the simple and natural style of a sublime intellect, wise for its times, but unversed in the depths of science which the future was to reveal. The idea of vegetation to such a one would be vegetation as he knew it; and so it is described. The idea...