>pe Cælestinus II, NUEL (Comnenus) emperor of the East. Geoff. of Monmouth ƒ. pe Lucius II. e Eugene III. second crusade excited by St. Bernard. study of the civil law revived at Bologna. canon law is collected by Gratian, a onk of Bologna. DERICK I. (Barbarossa) emperor of Gerany. LCOLM IV. king of Scotland. ope Anastasius IV. ty of Winchester.-Compromise between ng Stephen and prince Henry. nry II. (Plantagenet) king of England. ope Adrian IV. parties of the Guelphs and Ghibellines disirb Italy. Bank of Venice instituted. erview between Henry II. and Malcolm V. at Carlisle. 'ope Alexander III. Albigenses maintain heretical doctrines. titution of the order of Teutonic knights in ¦ermany. Becket condemned by the council of Claren on. LLIAM (the Lion) king of Scotland. Becket murdered at Canterbury. quest of Ireland by Henry II. Elip Augustus, king of France. EXIUS II. (Comnenus) emperor of the East. Pope Lucius III. John of Salisbury d DRONICUS (Comnenus) emperor of the 1206 HENRY emperor of Constantinople. 1208 OTHо IV. emperor of Germany. London incorporated, obtains a charter for 1210 Crusade against the Albigenses, under Simon 1212 FREDERICK II. emperor of Germany. 1214 ALEXANDER II. king of Scotland. 1215 Magna Charta signed by king John, [19th June.] 1216 Henry III. king of England. ̧ PETER and JOHN DUCAS emperors of the 1227 Pope Gregory IX. 1224 Raymond Count te Thoulouse d. Gengiskan and the Tartars overrun the em- Gengiskan d. 1228 BALDWIN II. French emperor of Constanti nople. 1234 The Inquisition committed to the Dominican monks. 1237 Russia brought under subjection by the Tartars. Pope Innocent IV. 1248 The fifth crusade under St. Lewis. 1249 ALEXANDER III. king of Scotland. 1251 CONRAD IV. emperor of Germany. 1254 Pope Alexander IV. Interregnum in the empire of Germany, from 1255 THEODORE II. (Lascaris) emperor of Nicæa. The Greek emperors recover Constantinople 1263 The Norwegians invade Scotland, and are de- 1264 Pope Clement IV. 1 The deputies of boroughs first summoned to Henry III. of England taken prisoner in the 1265 Charles count of Anjou king of Sicily. 12/0 Philip III. (the Bold) king of France. 1271 Pope Gregory X. 1272 Edward I. (Longshanks) king of England. 1259 Mat, Paris, hist. d. RODOLPH (of Hapsburg) emperor of Germany, 1274 St. T. Aquinas d. first of the Austrian ramy. Pope Innocent V. Pope Adrian V. Pope John XXI. Pope Nicholas III. 1280 Aibertus Mag. phil. d. Pope Martin IV. The Sicilian vespers, when 8000 French were massacred. ANDRONICUS I. (Palæologus) emperor of the East. The conquest of Wales by Edward I. 7 Pope Honorius IV. Philip IV. (the Fair) king of France. MARGARET (of Norway) queen of Scotland. Interregnum in Scotland for two years.-Com- Ptolemais taken by the Turks.-End of the crusades. JOHN BALIOL king of Scotland. ADOLPHUS (of Nassau) emperor of Germany. From this year there is a regular succession of Jubilee first celebrated at Romne. MICHAEL ANDRONICUS emperor of the Interregnum in Scotland for eight years.-Sir ALBERT I. (of Austria) emperor of Germany. Ottoman or Othoman first Sultan and foun- Quarrel between Philip the Fair and Pope Comyn and Fraser defeat the English thrice in The mariner's compass said to be discovered at Wallace betrayed, delivered up, and put to Pope Clement V. ROBERT I. (Bruce) king of Scotland. The establishment of the Swiss republics. Edward II. king of England. HENRY VII. emperor of Germany. The seat of the Popes transferred to Avignon Rhodes taken by the knights of St. John of Pierce Gaveston, favourite of Edward II., put 1284 Roger Bacon, phil. d. Cimabue, painter d Joh. Duns Scotus d. 1308 Jo. Fordun, hist. d. A.D. 1312 The knights templars suppressed oy Philip the Fair. 1314 The Scots under Robert Bruce defeat the English under Edward II. at Bannockburn. LEWIS V. (of Bavaria) emperor of Germany. Lewis X. (Hutin) king of France. 1315 John king of France. 1316 Pope John XXII. Philip V. (the Long) king of France. 1320 ANDRONICUS II. (Palæologus) emperor of 1321 the East. Charles IV. (the Fair) king of France. 1327 Edward III. king of England. Turks.] 1329 DAVID II. king of Scotland.-Randolph, earl of Murray, regent. 1331 The Teutonic knights settle in Prussia. 1332 Edward Baliol, assisted by Edward III. is crowned at Scone king of Scots, but is soon driven out of the kingdom. 1333 Casimir III. (the Great) king of Poland. Pope Benedict XII. 1334 1340 Gunpowder invented by Swartz, a monk of Cologne. Oil painting invented by John Van Eyk. 1341 JOHN V. (Palæologus) emperor of the East. John Cantacuzenos, his governor, usurps the throne. 1342 Pope Clement VI. 1346 Battle of Cressy, won by Edward III. and the Battle of Durham, in which David II. of 1347 CHARLES IV. emperor of Germany. Cola Rienzi assumes the government of 1350 The order of the Garter instituted by Ed- Peter (the Cruel) king of Castile. 1351 John II. king of France. 1352 Pope Innocent VI. The Turks first enter Europe. 1356 The battle of Poictiers, in which John II. king of France is taken prisoner, and after wards brought to London. 1359 [Amurath I. emperor of the Turks.] 1362 Pope Urban V. The law-pleadings in England changed from 1363 Edward Baliol, d. French to English. 1364 Charles V. king of France. 1370 Pope Gregory XI. ROBERT II. king of Scotland. 1377 The pope's return from Avignon to Rome. Ricbard II. king of England. Wickliffe's doctrines propagated in England. 1979 The schism of the double Popes at Rome and Avignon begins, and continues thirty-eight years. 1974 F. Petrarch, poet,d. 1376 G. Boccace, poet, d. Ed. Black Frince, d. Pope Clement VII. Avignon. 1878 WENCESLAUS, emperor of Germany, deposed 1980 in 1400. Charles VI. king of France. Tamerlane invades and subdues Chorassar. 1381 Wat Tyler's and Jack Straw's insurrection in England. Peace between Venice and Genoa. Bills of Exchange first used in England. 1383 Cannon first used by the English in the defence of Calais. 1384 Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy, succeeds to the earldom of Flanders. 1386 Tamerlane subdues Georgia. 1388 Battle of Otterburn between Percy (Hotspur) and Douglas. 1389 Pope Boniface IX. 1390 ROBERT III. king of Scotland. 1391 Bajazet I. emperor of the Turks.] MANUEL II. (Palæologus) emperor of the 1392 The Cape of Good Hope discovered by the Portuguese. 1394 The Jews banished from France by Charles VI. Pope Benedict XIII. 1395 Sigismund king of Hungary defeated by Ba jazet I. 1398 Tamerlane subdues part of Hindostan, and takes Delhy. 1399 Henry IV. king of England. 1402 Bajazet is taken prisoner by Tamerlane in the battle of Angoria. Battle of Halidoun Hill, in which the Scots [Solyman I. emperor of the Turks.] 1403 Battle of Shrewsbury, in which Hotspur is killed. Death of Tamerlane. 1406 JAMES I. king of Scotland. ¶ Pope Gregory XII. 1409 Council of Pisa, where pope Gregory is deposed. Pope Alexander V. Musa emperor of the Turks.] 1410 JOSSE (Marquis of Brandenburgh) emperor of Germany. 1411 Pope John XXIII. SIGISMUND emperor of Germany. The University of St. Andrew's in Scotland 1413 Henry V. king of England. 1414 Council of Constance, in which two popes were deposed, and the popedom remained vacant near three years. Mahomet I. emperor of the Turks.] 1415 Henry V. defeats the French at Agincourt. John Huss condemned by the council of Constance for heresy, and burnt. Mat. of Westm. hist. d. 1383 Abulfeda, sar. d. 1385 Wickliffe, d. Froissart, hist. d. Sir John Gower, poet, d. 1400 Geoffery Chaucer, poet, d. 1408 Owen Glendour, d. 1409 Nicholas Flamel, alch. d. 1415 Em.Chrysoloras, d |