themselves; and, perhaps, this is the class of duties which we are always most likely to remember. But, whatever parliaments or legislators might do with respect to the laws which bear upon their condition, it is plain that, in the present state of competition which besets every department of human industry and effort, if the farmer will do his duty to himself, if he means to keep his place, or, as I fervently hope, to improve upon it, he must be wide awake, he must be up to all the new methods and discoveries which are every day so largely developing themselves, and adding to the science of practical agriculture. Next, the farmer has duties to his landlord, reciprocal duties, I admit, in which the landlord largely shares. I am not now about to take up the question of leases, or any which may excite difference of opinion; but I may observe in passing, that, in my belief, there is perhaps a greater degree of what is called security of tenure in the ordinary run of the Yorkshire landlords-this practically is the case-than can be found in Scotland or elsewhere, where granting of leases forms the system of more regular business. But if this be the case, and if the landlord is expected not lightly to disturb the tenure of the tenant, as I hope he never lightly will, then, on the other hand, the tenant owes it to the landlord not to let himself be grievously outrun in the management of his farm by his neighbours around him. And the last duties to which I would advert on the part of the farmer, are those which he owes to the agricultural labourers, on the strength of whose arms he so much relies, and on which he must so mainly depend. Now, it is upon the well-being and the good conduct of the labouring classes of this country, that I think our hopes and destinies as a nation, more than on any other thing mainly depend. And when I reflect how much the farmer has it in his power, and within his reach, not only to consult the material wants and the condition of those who work for him, but also to influence their character, and to raise their moral tone, I think it must be agreed that, in addition to the duties they owe to themselves and to their landlords, they have most serious duties to discharge to the class of agricultural labourers. But wherever there are high duties, there are also high responsibilities; and what earnestly wish is, that the coming generation of

British farmers shall be trained fully up to the level of its duties and responsibilities. I beg pardon, gentlemen, for being so long in laying my premises; but I will fix my conclusion very shortly. That which under the circumstances I should have originally thought most desirable, would have been to establish some distinct school in a rural district, in connection with some model farm, where a complete course of agricultural instruction might be pursued. But those with whom I have had an opportunity of consulting, came to the conviction that we should not be able to raise sufficient funds, nor ensure a sufficient attendance, to set on foot and maintain such an object. However that may be, I believe many amongst you may be acquainted with the substitute we are endeavouring to introduce. There is already in existence a most excellent school at York, where a very useful, sound, and complete educationwhen I say complete, I admit that it will not be so without religion and morality being taught at the same time—where such an education is provided for the young and middle classes, who have at present no such means afforded. What we propose is to attach to this school a large and commodious boarding house, where children from any distance may be accommodated and carefully attended to; and on the education at present given it is proposed to graft special instruction in agricultural chemistry, in practical mechanism, or any other branch which recent discoveries have brought to bear upon this class of her Majesty's subjects. But this undertaking, like all others, stands in need of funds. I have been informed that many of the wealthier and spirited farmers in this district have given as much as £100 a-year; and it is proposed that the entire expense for lodging, board, and education, shall be 21 guineas a-year, which I hope will not be considered out of the reach of that class whose interest we are wishful to consult. But, as I said, to accomplish this we are in need of the sinews of war. £2,200 has been already subscribed; and about £1,000 more is required, in order to make the boarding house and school contiguous to the present establishment. And I ought to mention that many of the chief proprietors and leading noblemen and gentlemen of the county, including our noble chairman, have come forward most munificently on this occa

sion. But perhaps their munificence, in the first instance, may have had the effect of deterring smaller subscriptions. If, however, the wealthy farmers would spare us £1 a-piece, we should probably be enabled to accomplish the whole extent of our wish. Our York Yeoman School is well worthy of support, and with the addition of what we propose, would be a most valuable acquisition to British farmers. I again beg pardon, for being indiscreet-tedious I know. But I thought that, having occasion to address you, you would forgive me, if, instead of indulging in vague generalities in praise of agriculture, I should at once call your attention to a project which, to my mind, would be most useful, most desirable, and which is most extremely wanted. And I feel that it would be as well for us to make an intellectual cooperation second to our mechanical contrivances, for when we have made man keep pace with the machine; when we have made the human breed as thoroughly furnished to the work as the best and most faultless of our shorthorns; when we can not only point to the rest of England, and, so far as the northern counties of the island are concerned, show our agricultural labourers superior to our brethren of the south, not only in the amount of wages, but in the physical energy which more than repays the outlay,-when, besides these, we have made every class of the farmers take the same high ground in all their resources of intellectual affinity, it will then be with the best conscience, and with the surest auguries of prosperity, that we shall drink the toast I have now to propose," Success to the Yorkshire Agricultural Society."

The Charter House.-The two new governors in the places of Earl Grey and Lord Canterbury, are the Duke of Buccleuch and Lord Devon.

Merchant Tailors' School.-The Rev. James Augustus Hessey, B.D., Fellow and Dean of St. John's College, Oxford, has been elected head master of this school, in the room of the Rev. J. W. Bellamy, B.D., resigned.

City of London School.-The annual meeting, for the purpose of hearing the report of the examiners, and for awarding the prizes open for distribution to the most proficient among the pupils in

their different grades, was held on the 15th ult., in the theatre belonging to this excellent institution. The Lord Mayor, with praiseworthy punctuality, took the chair precisely at one o'clock, having around him a numerous party of gentlemen and ladies, who betokened a warm interest in the proceedings. We noticed Aldermen and Sheriffs Hunter and Sidney, Dr. Conquest, Mr. Hobler, Mr. Hale (the chairman of the school committee), and many members of the court of common council. The proceedings were opened by the head-master, the Rev. Dr. Mortimer, who read a report, from which it appeared, that the condition and prospects of the school are highly satisfactory, that the number of scholars, now amounting to 488, shows a considerable increase on the number of the previous year, and that there is great promise of a distinguished career for those who have gained the highest honours of the school. Declamations in honour of the memory of the founder, John Carpenter, of whom a very fine statue has recently been erected on the premises, were delivered

In English, by Henry Judge Hose, senior Carpenter scholar.

In Greek, by William Thomas Barry. In Latin, by Thomas Holwell Cole, Carpenter scholar.

In German, by John J. Wilkinson, Carpenter scholar.

In French, by Henry Stewart Fagan.

They were all marked, in delivery, by correctness of intonation and considerable approaches to a high power of eloquence; but, if we are bound to discriminate, the highest meed of praise must unhesitatingly be awarded to Mr. Fagan.

In the distribution of prizes, the "Beaufoy scholarship" of £50 per annum was awarded to Henry Judge Hose; Sir M. M. Montefiore's prize of 10 guineas to Henry S. Fagan; the Carpenter scholarships of £35 per annum, and a premium of £50 to William Lewis and George F. Wright; Dr. Conquest's gold medal to L. B. Seeley; Sir J. Shaw's medal to J. J. Wilkinson; the Beaufoy medal to S. Barry; and Mr. Lott's medal to T. L. Lingham. The other prizes, books of different value, were distributed to a much larger number. The institution of additional scholarships to those already founded by The Times, Mr. Beaufoy, &c., were announced amidst general applause and congratulation.

At the close of these proceedings

which occupied considerable time, votes of thanks to the examiners, the headmaster, the benefactors, and the chairman were proposed, carried unanimously, and responded to in an appropriate manner by the Rev. Mr. Miller, M.A., Mr. F. Fuller, M.A., Rev. Dr. Mortimer, &c. The Lord Mayor, in returning thanks, announced his intention of giving three prizes for the ensuing year-one of £10 for the higher, and two of £5 each for proficiency in the junior classes.

Education in Ireland.-The annual report of the Irish Education Commissioners for the year 1844-45, has been presented to parliament by the royal command. It is addressed to William, Lord Heytesbury, the Lord-Lieutenant and Governor-General of Ireland, and bears date the 20th May last. The commissioners report that the procuring from the masters' reports of the course of instruction given in each school, the time so occupied by the teachers, the books employed, the keeping in a state of good and substantial repair such of the various school houses as they are enabled to uphold with the funds entrusted to their care, the management of the different estates vested in them, and the endeavour to increase the comfort and improve the condition of their respective tenantries, have occupied much of their time and attention. They have selected several students to fill royal scholarships in the university, and have founded five royal scholarships of the annual value of £25 each, tenable for five years, in connection with the Cavan royal school, in consequence of repeated applications made to that effect by the master. application having been submitted to the commissioners, for contribution towards the expense of reducing Lough Sneagh to a permanent summer level, and it having been strongly urged that such a project, if carried into effect, would be beneficial to that part of the country, they felt that it was incumbent upon them to subscribe towards the attainment of so desirable an object. With

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a view to foster that improvement which is manifestly and steadily taking place, they have resolved upon granting to such tenants as shall be reported to them as deserving, annual premiums of farming implements, according to the respective merits of the candidates. They regret, however, to be obliged to state to his excellency, that the agriculturist, having been more than once fired at, they have thought it their duty to apply to government for the establishment of a police force in that district, and have undertaken to erect barracks for their accommodation. They have resolved upon appointing an agriculturist to reside upon and instruct the tenants of the Enniskillen school estate, in an improved mode of husbandry. Many of the schools of private foundation continue to be most numerously attended, especially those of Kilkenny, Carrickmacross, Bandon, and Clonmel. The diocesan schools of Derry, Limerick, and Ferns, are numerously attended, both by boarders and daily students. Since their last report they have paid to the credit of government, the sum of £77; and the sum of £240, being the annual instalment payable for allowances made out of the consolidated fund, for the repairing of Raghoe school house, and the building of that of Clonmel. Such are the principal features of this report, which, of course, refers for the most part, to matters of merely local interest.

Hanover.-The King of Hanover published a decree on the 6th inst., forbidding his Catholic subjects destined to enter holy orders, to study theology out of the German universities, the government having ascertained by experience, that the clergymen educated in foreign universities were animated with an antinational and ultra-montane spirit. The universities here alluded to are those of Louvain, in Belgium, and of Friburg, in Switzerland, which are frequented in preference by the Catholic youth of Hanover, and are placed under the direction of the Jesuits.

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