Towards the fpring the congrefs of the Turks at Soczan feparated; the truce was at an end, and it appeared as if war would be rekindled. Our General now received orders to join the army in Moldavia, where he ferved under Field Marfhal Romanzow. The years 1773 and 1774 included the first Turkish war. In May 1773 he arrived at Jaffy, and received a command. He then pafled the Danube and defeated the Turks at Tonkabay. On this victory he dispatched an account to Marshal Romanzow, in the following terms: "Honour and glory to God! Glory fion of Turlukay, and I am in it. to you Romanzow! We are in poffef "SUWOROW." As a recompence for this victory the Emprefs tranfmitted to him the cross of the order of St. George. In the month of June he was attacked by a violent fever, which obliged him to go to Buchareft for the recovery of his health. (To be concluded in our next.) E MEANS PROPOSED FOR SAVING THE CREWS OF VESSELS (BY AN ANONYMOUS AUTHOR *.) IGHT or nine years ago, being much ftruck with an account which I read of the fhipwreck of twenty-four perfons, who perifhed fo near the fhore that their cries could be diftinctly heard, an idea immediately occurred to me, of endeavouring to difcover fome means proper for faving the crews of fhipwrecked veffels, at least under fuch circumftances, that is to say, at the distance of forty or fifty fathoms from the shore; for I did not then imagine that it could be done at the diftance of two or three hundred, as I afterwards discovered. I perceived at first that the only means to fave the crew of a veffel in fuch a ftate, would be to establish a rope of communication from the fhore to the fhip. After examining number of means, both ancient and modern, I fixed on a bomb or cannon ball (a bomb I think preferable), to which should be faftened the end of the rope, extending afterwards in a zig-zag direction a before the mortar or cannon, or fufpended on a piece of wood raifed feveral feet. But, as it was neceffary to know if the cord would not break by the force of the explosion and the velocity of the motion, I thought it proper to confult profeffion al men. I wrote to fome officers of the ar tillery in garrifon at La Fere, and they almost all replied that the rope would infallibly break. Not fatisfied with this answer, I hap pily conceived the idea of making the experiments on a fmall fcale. I caufed a piece of the barrel of a musket to be filed into the form of a small mortar of 18 lines in length internally; and having tied a packthread to a common ball of lead, I made an experiment, which perfectly fucceeded, as did a great many others which I repeated afterwards, even with the ftrongest charges of powder. I communicated this fuccefs to thofe officers of artillery, who replied, that there was ❤ From a late French Journal. great great difference between a quarter of an ounce of powder and four or five pounds employed for a bomb; and, in short, that the rope would break. Being defirous to ascertain what truth there might be in this affertion, I repaired to a large iron furnace, where I remained ten days, and where I caufèd a mould to be formed for a four inch mortar, and a bullet of the fame calibre: I had them both caft, and made an experiment with a rope three or four lines in diame ter, and eighteen ounces of powder, which fucceeded. I then came to Paris, where, after ftaying eight months, I obtained an order from government to make my experiments on a grand fcale, even at La Fete, where I had to expect men prejudiced against the fuccels of my attempts. When I went thither they perfifted that they would not fucceed. I knew, however, what I had to depend upon, as I had already made experiments. In short, I repeated them, and they completely fucceeded. The first day nothing being done in a proper manner, fome of the experiments failed; but things being arranged better next morning, we repeated them seven times without once failing, viz, four times with a mortar of eight inches, and three with one of twelve, augmenting each time the charge of the powder from the weakest to the ftrongeft. The fpectators having judged that this number was fully fufficient to establish the truth of the difcovery, no more were made. I fhall now proceed to other means which I have devised, not only for faving the crews of veflels, but also the greater part of the cargoes, when expofed to danger near the coaft. 1ft, It must be remembered that, in fuch circumftances, the only thing neceffary is to get a cord of communication conveyed to the vessel in danger. It ought to be remembered alfo, that a vefiel is never calt away or perishes on the coast, but because it is driven thither against the will of the Captain, and by the violence of the waves and the wind, which aimoft always blows from the fea towards the fhore, without which there would be no danger to be apprehended; confequently, in thefe circumftances, the wind comes A common paper kite, therefore, launched from the veffel and driven by the wind to the fhore, would be fufficient to fave a crew confifting of 1500 feamen, if fuch were the number of a fhip of war. This kite would convey to the shore a ftrong packthread, to the end of which might be affixed a cord, to be drawn on board by means of the string of the kite; and with this cord a rope, or as many as fhould be neceffary, might be conveyed to the fhip. It may readily be conceived that I cannot here enter into any detail concerning various circumstances relating to this fubject which it might be necel fary to mention. 2d. A small balloon, of fix or seven feet in diameter, and raised by rarified air, would be alfo an excellent means for the like purpofe: being driven by the wind from the veffel to the fhore, it would carry thither a ftring capable of drawing a cord with which feveral ropes might be afterwards conveyed to the veffel. Had not the difcovery of Citizen Montgolfier produced any other benefit, it would be entitled on this account to be considered as of great importance. 3d. A fky-rocket, of a large diameter, would be of equal fervice. It would alfo carry, from the veffel to the fhore, a ftring capable of drawing a rope after it. C. Ruggieri, whom I have confulted on this fubject, told me that he made fome four inches in diameter, which role to a great height, and that, with a ftring attached to them, they would go to the diftance of four or five hundred fathoms, which is more than would be neceffary. They may be kept in a state fit for fer. vice two years, if depofited in a dry place. Laftly, A fourth plan for saving the crew of a fhipwrecked veffel, is that of throwing from the veffel into the tea an empty cafk with a cord attached to it. The wind and waves would drive the cafk to the fhore, and afford the means of establishing that rope of communication already mentioned. Each of these methods may be improved, but I cannot at prefent enter into any detail. ARU ARUNDEL CASTLE. [WITH A VIEW.] RUNDEL CASTLE, in Suffex, is one of the most ancient of any in this Inland. By whom it was really founded is uncertain; but it was a place both of confiderable note and great ftrength as far back as the Saxon Government. On William the Conqueror's Coming to the Government of Britain, he bestowed it to his kinfman, Roger de Montgomery, whom he created Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury. When, after reverting to many families, we find, in the reign of Henry the Fifth, John Fitzalan, generally called Sir John Arundel, to whom this Caftle belonged, petitioned Parliament that he might be accepted in his proper place, and in all public councils, as his ancestors, Earls of Arundel, had been at the fame time, John, Duke of Norfolk, laid claim to the Caftle Seignory and Honor of Arundel but was determined in favour of Fitzalan; both as having been long in his family, and alfo by an Act of Parliament of 11th Hen. 6th, that declared that any who poffeffed the Caftle and Honor of Arundel' were Earls thereof, without any other creation. Thus far GROSE; whofe deep and indefatigable fearches after Antiquities are too well known to need any : encomium on his truly valuable work.The fituation of this Caftle is on an eminence, and commands from the tower a moft extenfive and delightful view of the country for feveral miles, with the fea, and great part of the Ifle of Wight. The prefent Duke of Norfolk is repairing it at a most considerable expence ; and, by keeping up to the ancient ftile of architecture, gives it a grand majestic appearance. It has been under repair fome years; and, when completed, will certainly be one of the nobleft mansions in this kingdom. The contiguity of Brighton to Arundel draws many of its vifitors in excurfions to this town during the fummer months: and as there is every accommodation to be defired at the Norfolk Arms (a large and capital inn built by the Duke), it is a great inducement in company's prolonging their tour, in vifiting Goodwood, the Duke of Richmond's, Chichefter, Bognor Rocks (a new bathing place on the late Sir Richard Hotham's eftate), and Little Hampton. At a future time we fhall prefent our readers with a reprefentation of the New Tower, which is just built, and a part of the Great Kitchen Window. 2 'A' HAMBURGH. EXTRACT OF A LETTER, DATED JULY 1799. CCORDING to your defire, I will not leave Hamburgh without giving you a fhort account of the Ladies' Walk, which is as much frequented as our Ranelagh or Vauxhall, and indeed it nearly refembles the latter, being every evening lighted up in a brilliant manner. It certainly is the only pleasant place in the town, and is with out doubt an agreeable relaxation to a people who are enveloped in bufinets. On the right, as you enter, is a row or terrace of houses, which commands an extenfive view of the country, and is inhabited by the principal merchants: on the left fide is an elegant coffee-houfe, newly finished, with a window in the fhape of a temple, and that alfo commands the walk. In the middle is the guardhoufe. There is likewile a jelly-houfe, and at the end a cake shop, where the inhabitants in general refresh, and this walk leads to the play-houte. I do affure you it is the only place which gave me any pleasure; for the town and city are extremely dirty, and the fmell of the fhores, and the moaking (for not a creature is feen without a pipe), are intolerable; the water ftagnates, and of courfe is unhealthy; and, notwithstand. ing the quantity of people, it is impof fible to be gay; the eternal toll of the bell and trumpet for the dead are fo exceedingly unpleafant, efpecially to a ftranger; and, if I may judge from appearances, it has the fame effect on the natives, as they feem very dull and very heavy. And now, Sir, let me add, and with truth I affert, there is no people fo humane, no country fo beautiful nor defirable to live in, as England; if you doubt, travel through Germany.' RULES |