obliged to return home with these, and arrived at Mangalore on the 26th of April, 1798. Tippoo was severely disappointed, and especially at the great notoriety which had been given to the matter at the Mauritius. He feared the English; and he knew that when they heard of the step he had taken, they would make it the occasion for renewing war, and, finally, of destroying him altogether. Nor was he mistaken.

The

The British commander, Lord Wellesley, opened a correspondence with Tippoo, and after continuing it in a friendly way for some time, he spoke of the proceedings at the Mauritius, and called for an explanation. Tippoo hesitated, and tried to evade the subject, when, after a time, Lord Wellesley wrote in a very decided manner, and desired to know the Sultan's decision in regard to his relations with the British power. Indian prince saw his danger, and wrote a letter, which was meant as an apology and acceptance of Lord Wellesley's conditions; but it arrived too late to allow the British general to recall the order he had given for the marching of the army into Mysore. On the receipt of Lord Wellesley's letter of January 9th, 1799, Tippoo was violently agitated, and broke out into a tempest of curses on the French, saying, "The fractured mast of Ripaud's worthless vessel will cause the subversion of an empire!"

Tippoo soon after prepared for the last great struggle, which should decide the fate of Mysore. The British forces, with all the native troops which they could obtain from the friendly powers of India, took up their lines of solemn procession to dig the grave of an empire! After several contests, in which the British were the conquerors, Tippoo was forced back by degrees to Seringapatam, his capital. Seeing the route taken by a large division of his enemies, he became discouraged, and calling his chiefs together, he said, "We have arrived at our last stage; what is your determination ?" "To die along with you!" they answered; and the Mysore army fell back into the capital, to conquer or to die.

During the siege, Tippoo proposed to send ambassadors to hear the terms upon

which a settlement could be made. But the answer was so tyrannical in its terms, and the territory and sum of money demanded so enormous, that he determined to die rather than be ruled by the "infidels."

On the 4th day of May, 1799, a breach had been completed in the walls, and the preparations had all been made for the assault. At last, when all was ready, about noon, the British forces were drawn up to await the moment when the signal for the attack should be given. It was a sad and solemn time. Within the walls of that splendid city there stood a mighty prince, surrounded by his ministers, and officers, and family, expecting every hour to bring the last act in this terrible tragedy of ambition and wrong. On and within those

walls there were marshaled thousands of armed men, who were determined to shed their last drop of blood to defend their prince, their homes, their families, and their beloved land. It was an hour of solemn suspense. The pall was now slowly falling over the hopes, the glory, and the existence of an empire, whose career was as splendid as it was brief. Well might the invaders pause as they dug the mighty grave, before they let down into it the gorgeous victim!

It was one o'clock! A signal was given,, General Blair called the troops to follow, and in seven minutes the British flag rolled out to the breeze on the walls of Seringapatam! After a short but bloody contest, the victory was won, and the Mysore dynasty

was no more.

The body of Tippoo was found under a pile of bleeding and mangled soldiers, and was buried in a magnificent sepulchre, erected by his father.

Thus were the fears of Tippoo realised. He might have lived and reigned many years longer-though the same result would probably have been arrived at, at a later period in history. But the broken mast of a small vessel brought with it a train of circumstances which proved to be the cause of the downfall of an empire!

Think, my young readers, always, when you act, What will be the result?

THE PERPETUITY OF HELL. There will, indeed, be one dark spot upon the page of being, and that spot will be hell; within

J

whose confines will be immured all the un pardoned and unmortified sin in the whole creation. It will be the final receptacle of

all the uncured moral evil in the universe; it will be the prison of those who have perished in rebellion, and spurned to the very last the authority of law and the tenderness of mercy. It will be a solemn memorial of the ravages of sin, and of its "exceeding sinfulness" in the sight of God; the depth of its darkness, and the terrors of its torments, being all the direct and necessary results of voluntary transgression, will testify to all eternity, that "God is of purer eyes than to behold iniquity; and will be a solemn warning to the inhabitants of other worlds to beware of rebellion against their Maker! More

over, this uncured moral evil will be confined by omnipotent power within the limits of that lazar house. The deadly virus will never be allowed to spread beyond the confines of the bottomless pit; it will be eternally shut up within the limits of that dismal world. It will not be permitted to break out again to desolate any other portion of the creation. It will remain festering there as a loud warning to the inhabitants of other worlds; and on the whole it will, no doubt, be for the general good that this affecting illustration of the dismal consequences of sin should not be blotted out of the page of existence. It will be one means of the eternal preservation of other, and perhaps of millions of worlds; so that, all things considered, even hell itself will bear witness to the care which God takes of his creatures, and will add materially to the sum of universal blessedness. Thus in the symbolical language of the Apocalypse it is said of the lost, that the smoke of their torment shall ascend up before the throne of God and the Lamb for ever and ever." The inhabitants of other worlds will be cogni

zant of their misery and of its cause, and will thus be confirmed in their perseverance in the paths of rectitude.-Stock's Evangelical System.

THOUGHTS OF HEAVEN.-If heaven doth not enter into us by way of holiness, we shall never enter into heaven by way of happiness. If you would lay up a treasure of glory in heaven, lay up a treasure of grace in your hearts. If your souls are rich in grace, they will be rich in glory. The more you do for God in this world, the more God will do for you in the world to come. As heaven is kept for the saints of Christ, so they are kept for heaven by the Spirit. In heaven all God's servants will be abundantly satisfied with his dealings and dispensations with them; and shall see how all conduced, like so many winds, to bring them to their haven; and how even the roughest blasts helped to bring them homewards. How can we expect to live with God in heaven, if we love not to live with him on earth? If thou lovest to worship God here below, God will take thee up to worship him above. Thou shalt change

thy place, but not thy employment. Heaven is a day without a cloud to darken it, and without a night to end it. We would be seated in the heavenly Canaan, but are loath to be scratched with the briers and thorns of the wilderness. In heaven there is the presence of all good, and the absence of all evil. Grace and glory differ, but as the bud and the blossom. What is grace but glory begun? What is glory but grace perfected? We may hope for a place in heaven, if our hearts are made suitable to the state of heaven. If there will be any grief in heaven, sure it will be for this, that we have done no more for God on earth.Mason.

THE MONTH.

The Duke of Tuscany, not satisfied with his bigot's laurels gained in the barbarous persecution of the Madiais, has sought fresh ones by imprisoning a British lady, Miss Cuninghame, for distributing religious tracts and the bible to peasants who asked for them. In the year of the Revolutions the Duke conceded Religious Liberty; subsequently, supported by Austrian bayonets, he has virtually cancelled the charter by the most hideous persecuting enactments, the legality of which may reasonably be called in question. On the strength of these he seized and incarcerated Miss Cuninghame, intending to try her for an offence to which this worthy successor of our Queen Elizabeth and the Stuarts had affixed the penalty of five years' imprisonment with felons, and hard labour ! mediate efforts were made by the British and American authorities for her release, but the stupid tool of the priests evidently

Im

gloated over the prospect of shewing his zeal for the church in the punishment of a British lady. He has, however, been obliged to succumb. A voice from our Cabinet appears to have frightened him, and he sent to "let her go." Miss Cuninghame, conscious of innocence, refused to leave without a trial, and the Duke had to force her to leave the gaol, rather than hazard a public trial in the face of Protestant Europe.

It is to be hoped that religious liberty is, if far from understood, yet beginning to be understood, in Prussia. Religious meetings, called the Kirchentag, have been held at Berlin, at which, under the sanction of the Government, the principal sections of the national Protestant church have discussed ecclesiastical matters freely; and one result is, that the whole assembly unanimously affirmed the proposition, "That the Church ought to have neither the will nor the power to coerce or oppress Separatists

and Sectaries." The confession of Augsburg, strongly tinctured as it is with Sacramentarianism, was adopted as the external bond of union, because the oldest Protestant creed! When will Protestants be content with the oldest creed of all,-the real creed of the apostles in apostolic language? Baptists are not, however, quite free from the peace-ruining folly of creed-making.

From China little more intelligence has been received. What has arrived is confirmatory of the good prospects of the Rebels, and of their holding rudely the elements of Bible Truth. They are still advancing to the conquest of the capital, where the Tartar tyrants of the hitherto passive Chinese have no means of meeting them. It is to be hoped that before the end of next year China will be fully open to free commerce, and to the preaching of christianity. The aversion of the insurgents to any kind of idolatry gives pare Protestantism an advantage over Popery, which we trust it will improve to the uttermost. "A million Testaments for China " is a happy thought, for the Chinese are a reading people; but the living teacher is indispensable in the christian system. The Bible is for converts, but the Evangelist for conversion; unhappily Rome has more devoted missionaries than Protestantism. painful illustration of this is the fact, that funds for twenty Baptist missionaries to India are forthcoming, but only one of the twenty missionaries! For India's sake and for China's, we must "pray the Lord of the harvest."

A

At home the Cholera, which has carried off nearly fifteen hundred victims at Newcastle, has relaxed its virulence; it may be only for a time. Clearer evidence than ever has accumulated that it may be disarmed of its fatal power by immediate attention to the premonitory symptom of diarrhoea; and that it may be kept off nearly if not entirely by cleanliness.

It

has always begun in neighbourhoods offensive to our very senses. Water, whitewashing, and the broom, effective drainage, and carting away filth to the fields which it fertilises, have uniformly kept away or banished the dreadful invader. Now, as low, dirty, ill kept neighbourhoods, are the great nurseries of crime and irreligion, must we not regard that as a providential visitation which compels us to purify physically the sources of so much moral evil? The ragged school and the ragged chapel may enter successfully where such humble agents as the broom and the night-cart have made way for them. May we not be wanting to the opportunity! The mechanical cleansing must be followed by the moral cleansing, if ever the former is to be permanent. Winter evenings are at hand, and an earnest effort to make the best of the Sundays, now that excursion trains cease, is binding upon the christian philanthropist. But we must go to the people, they will not come to us. We must go to them also with less formality, with more of friendly address and discussion, and less authoritative preaching. House

to house visitation was found most efficient for the diarrhoea and cholera. It is equally the best plan to meet the moral pestilence which pervades the same neighbourhoods.

Mr.

A splendid and attractive Peace Confer ence has been held in Edinburgh. Cobden and Mr. Bright were the principal speakers, though there were many others very good. Sir Charles Napier was present, and spoke, by no means feebly, for his profession, and against permitting Russia to qualify herself, by robbing other states, for universal empire. The resolutions passed were all of the most unobjectionable character: they recommended that ministers should instruct the young in the doctrines of peace,-that arbitration and simultaneous disarmament are most desirable projects, that we ought rigidly to abstain from interference in the domestic quarrels of other nations,-that our colonial military expenditure is needlessly costly; and these are all propositions in which all will cordially agree. We must, however, profess ourselves not convinced by all the reasoning respecting Turkey and Russia. The civilized nations of Europe form a community, and if it be allowed to a powerful member to commit burglary on the territories of a weaker at will, the result must be a fierce warfare ere long on the universal empire of the tolerated robber. The society of nations, like that of individuals, must, for its mere existence, deter from fraud and violence; and we need the military police for the one, as much as the civil police for the other. If the depraved portion of nations or of society will increase their resources for crime, we cannot, with safety to national or social existence, shirk even costly measures of prevention. Of course these views are quite compatible with a full belief in all the rhetoric on the barbar

ism and cruelty of war. But the scaffold, and the prison, and the police, are equally barbarous expedients in their degree; and while men, or nations, are barbarous enough to be criminal, no alternative is left but to use the only available means for the safety of the innocent. The gospel is applicable to dealings with those who receive it, and to all measures taken in its own

We

propagation and defence. "The law moreover is not made for a righteous man," but for thieves and robbers it is, whether they be robbers of" Danubian Principalities," or of silver and gold from our houses. think, however, that after England and France have done justice to the liberties of Turkey, they are the nations to ask of the Porte, in gratitude, a far larger measure of freedom for christians in Turkey than Russia ever demanded. As it is, Turkey is far more tolerant than Russia is to every creed but that of which the, Czar is the head.

We are much concerned to witness the extensive Strikes going on at Preston and in other manufacturing districts. The men have struck for ten per cent. addition to their wages; the masters, on the other hand, have universally struck too, to meet

the workmen's strike. They, it seems, are not sorry, at present prices, to stop their mills for a time. It is not for us to blame either party. Each has an undoubted right, the one to ask higher wages, and the other to refuse them. Each the same right to combine to carry their objects. They have the clear legal right, and it is hard to say that they have not the moral right. Yet, after all, so dreadful are the consequences of this commercial civil war, that masters and men should be equally slow to resort to this last expedient. We fear there has been at least precipitancy in many cases. Many masters have been uncompromising, and many operatives have been inconsiderate. The "fair share" of the profits of any concern which belongs to capital or labour respectively, can never be determined by rough assessments of ten per cent., or by discussion in large meetings. A thousand circumstances must be taken into consideration, and many peculiar to each branch of trade. On the other hand, the masters have to remember that the greatly advanced cost of living naturally prompts the demand for higher wages.

And the

workmen again must remember that, hard as the case seems, the very fact that provisions are dearer, means that there is less demand for the manufactures, and eventually less work for them. Since the rise in the price of wheat began, this country has paid between twenty and thirty millions of pounds more for its food, than it did when wheat was cheapest. To that extent at least the home market for our manufactures of all kinds is diminished, and work for manufacturing operatives curtailed; the rate of interest, chiefly from the same cause, is so advanced, that the masters' capital is rendered much dearer or lessened in amount. All things, we fear, bode gloomily for the operative. Employment is likely to be lessened, and the necessaries of life to be greatly advanced in price. War, however inevitable, would make all still worse. We mention these things, and we could say much more, to invite our friends of the working classes to consider carefully the perils of their position. We do think they run far greater hazards than their masters; and though we will not presume to judge the merits of their claims, we can but candidly express our opinion that an impending winter, with every article of consumption so dear, the high price of money, and the rumours of war, threaten to make this strike one of the most disastrous on record to the working men. comparably the worst result, however, of all, is the after feeling of ill-will and discontent too sure to remain, whichever party triumph. If it were only to lessen this, and if the position of trade at all permit it, we should be inclined to recommend a compromise. It may to masters be worth while, as the purchase of subsequent good feeling, although they may be able to shew that their business ill affords it, to concede some advance; and in our opinion it would be indeed worth while to the men to accept the smallest offer made in such a spirit.

In

Flushed with confidence of triumph, many christian operatives even may not thank us for our suggestions; we only wish most earnestly that their correctness may not be enforced by many and bitter lessons.

CAVENDISH CHAPEL, RAMSGATE.

The church and congregation worshiping in the above chapel, with other friends of the Rev. Francis Wills, desiring an opportunity of meeting him in public, and expressing their respect and esteem towards him on retiring from the pastorate of the above church, held a friendly tea meeting in the British School rooms, and a public meeting afterwards in the chapel, on Wednesday, Sept. 28th. About two hundred persons sat down to tea, and five or six hundred attended the public meeting. The Rev. H. J. Bevis occupied the chair; and was supported by the Revs. W. B. Davies, D. Jones, B.A., C. Kirtland, of Canterbury, F. H. Tucker, J. Ford, William Rose, J. Croft, A. J. Morris, of Holloway, F. Beckley, E. Pledge, D. Pledge, and J. Brook. The chairman opened the proceedings by expressing his very high esteem for Mr. Wills, as a christian man and a minister. The Rev. D. Jones expressed the same feelings, and presented a testimonial, consisting of a quantity of silver, value £24, enclosed in a morocco case. The inscription upon the medallion reads thus, "Presented to the Rev. Francis Wills, in memorial of their christian love and esteem, by the members of the church and congregation meeting in Cavendish chapel, Ramsgate, at the close of his ministerial labours among them, Sept. 28th, 1853." Mr. Wills, in responding to these expressions of regard and kindness, took occasion to reply to certain articles in the British Banner, which represented the church as in a withering, dying condition. Mr. Wills characterised as inaccuracies and falsehoods this and other allegations; and referred, in vindication of his own labours, to the facts that he had added to the church seventyone members, and preserved it in unbroken concord; raised and sustained British schools on which £1,000 had been expended, free of Government aid; received from the public collections, during the past year, £300, a moiety of which had been distributed among Baptist institutions; and now handed over all clear of debt-except the incumbrance of £700 transferred from the old chapel. The Rev. Messrs. Davies, of Margate, Kirtland, Pledge, and Rose, followed. The chairman mentioned, in closing the meeting, that the British School Committee of Ramsgate had entrusted him with the presentation to Mr. Wills of a purse of £21, as a mark of their apprecia tion of his public character and labours.

PARADISE CHAPEL, CHELsea.

The church assembling at this place having given Mr. T. J. Cole, late secretary of the "Young Men's Missionary Associa tion," a unanimous invitation to the pastorate, he has accepted the same, and com. menced his stated labours there on the first Sabbath in October.