Locks unlocked at childbirth, 238, 239; thought to prevent consummation of mar- riage, 240; unlocked to facilitate death, 243; mistletoe as a master-key to open all, 663
Locusts, chiefs held responsible for ravages of, 87; superstitious precautions against, 531.
Logan, W., 276
Loki and Balder, 608
Lokoiya, the, of the Upper Nile, 85 Lolos of Western China, the, 183 Lombok, island of, 418
Longevity, charms to ensure, 35 "Longevity garments" in China, 36
Loom not to be touched by a man, 211 "Lord of the Heavenly Hosts" in Siam, 284 Lorraine, harvest customs in, 428, 449, 457 Love charms, 44
"Love Chase" among the Kirghiz, 156 Loyalty Islands, recall of a lost soul in the, 185
Lules or Tonocotes of the Gran Chaco, 550 Lusatia, "carrying out Death" in, 310-13 Luxor, paintings at, 142
Lycurgus, king of the Thracian Edonians, 378, 379, 392
Lydia, religious prostitution in, 331; festival of Dionysus in, 390
Ma, goddess at Comana in Pontus, 331 Mabuaig, continence observed during turtle- season, 217; seclusion of girls at puberty in, 598
Macahity, a Hawaiian festival, 282, 283 M'Carthy, Sir Charles, eaten by the Ashan- tees to make them brave, 497 Macdonald, Rev. James, 18, 680 Macedonian calendar, 443
MacGregor, Sir William, 84 Macpherson, Major S. C., 437 Macusis of British Guiana, 181, 601
Madagascar, king of, as high priest, 9; foods tabooed in, 22; custom of women while men are at war in, 26; magical use of stones in, 33; modes of counter- acting evil omens, 37; fear of being photo- graphed in, 193; taboo on mentioning personal names in, 246; names of chiefs and kings tabooed, 258; crocodiles re- spected in, 519. See also Malagasy Madanassana Bushmen, 474 Madi tribe of Central Africa, 534 Madonna and Isis, their resemblance, 383 Madura, inspired mediums in, 95 Magic, principles of, 11; sympathetic, 10- 48, 200, 202, 211, 219, 233, 237, 386, 403, 533; homoeopathic or imitative, 11-37, 63, 221, 239, 240, 341, 444, 494-9, 581, 642, 704; contagious, 11, 37-45, 230, 233, 235; positive and negative, 19, 21, 29; public and private, 45-61; and religion, 48-60, 64, 90, 92, 162, 324; and science, 48, 49, 712; attraction of, 49; the Age of, 55, 56; universality of belief in, 55, 56; fallacy of, 59, 90; movement thought from magic through religion to science, 711
Magician, public, 45, 60; and priest, 52
Magicians, claim to compel the gods, 52; professional, 61; as kings, 83-91; develop into gods and kings, 92; the oldest pro- fessional class in the evolution of society, 105; Egyptian, 52, 261
Magnets thought to keep brothers at unity, 34
Magondi, a Mashona chief, 98
Magyar story of the external soul, 674 Maharajas as incarnations of Krishna, 101 Mahrattas, 100
Mai Darat, a Sakai tribe, 493
Maiden, the (Persephone), the descent of, 371; name given to the last corn cut in the Highlands of Scotland, 403, 409 Maidhdeanbuain, "the shorn maiden," 407 Maidu Indians of California, 707, 708 Maize, goddess of, 28; magic to promote its growth, 28, and increase, 33; personi- fied as an Old Woman who Never Dies, 419; goddess of the young, 588 Maize-mother, the, 412, 413
Makololo, the, of South Africa, 236 Makrizi, Arab historian, 64
Malabar, custom of Thalavetti parothiam in, 278; cows as scapegoats in, 570; seclusion of girls at puberty in, 602
Malagasy, 217, 519; faditras among the, 541 Malay charms and magic, 13, 19, 28, 80; taboos, 21
Malays, the, 88, 113, 179, 181, 183, 184, 188. 230, 248, 413, 417, 541, 676, 683 Maldive Islands, virgin sacrificed as bride to a jinnee of the sea in the, 146 Mallans of India, 565
Malta, Midsummer fires in, 631; Phoenician temples of, 330; fires on St. John's Eve in, 631
Mamurius Veturius, 577, 580
Man, Isle of. See Isle of Man Man-god, 10, 60, 92, 203, 265 Mandan Indians, 419, 562
Mandelings of Sumatra, the, 116, 239
Maneros, chant of Egyptian reapers, 365, 371, 372, 424
Mangaia, Pacific island, separation of relig ious and civil authority in, 177 Mangaians, the, 191
Mani of Chitombe or Jumba, 234 Manii at Aricia, many, 491
Manipur, Rajah of, and his human scape- goat, 543
Manius Egerius, 6, 492
Mannhardt, W., 118, 127, 129, 316, 399, 401, 402, 419, 459, 460, 465, 580, 642, 643, 654, 658
Man-slayers tabooed, 212-16 Manu, the Laws of, 89
Maori chiefs, 204, 230, 231, 235, 259
Maoris, 114, 197, 205, 210, 233, 234, 528, 682
Maraves, the, of South Africa, 116
Marcellus of Bordeaux, 16, 17, 544 Mare, corn-spirit as, 459
Marena (Winter or Death) on Midsummer Eve in Russia, 318
Marigolds in magic, 44
Marimos, Bechuana tribe, 433 Marquesans, 180, 231-3
121; -poles, 119, 120, 122-4, 132, 479; -trees, 119-21, 123, 124, 297, 299, 311, 314, 614, 651
Mbaya Indians, the, 293 M'Bengas of the Gaboon, 681 Mecca, pilgrims to, 238
Mecklenburg, magic in, 44; locks unlocked at childbirth in, 239; harvest customs in, 430, 449, 454; treatment of the after- birth in, 682
Medea and Aeson, 496
Medicine bag, at initiation, 698
men, 64, 85, 87, 88, 92, 105, 180, 183-7, 484, 520, 679, 693 Melanesia, homoeopathic magic of stones in, 33; contagious magic of wounds in, 41; confusion of magic and religion in, 52; supernatural power of chiefs in, 84; continence while yam vines are being trained in, 138; malignant spirits in, 192; disposal of cut hair and nails in, 235; names of relations by marriage tabooed in, 251; conception of the external soul in, 684
ments, 488; temples, 589 Mexicans, the ancient, 79, 380, 432 Mexico, ancient, festival in honour of the goddess of maize, 28; treatment of the navel-string in, 40; human sacrifices in, 380, 431, 432; killing the god in, 587-92 Micah, the prophet, 51
Mice, in magic, 39; eaten by the Jews as a religious rite, 472; superstitious pre- cautions of farmers against, 530, 531 Midsummer, death of the spirit of vegeta- tion celebrated at, 319; bonfire at, called "fire of heaven," 644; procession of giants at, 654; sacred to Balder, 664 Midsummer bonfires, Midsummer fires
Bride and Bridegroom, 133 Day, ancient Roman festival of, 153. See also St. John's Day
Eve, in Sweden, 122; in Russia, 318; trolls and evil spirits abroad on, 625; oak thought to bloom on, 706. See also St. John's Eve
festival, in Europe, 153, 622; named after St. John, 343; the most important of the year among the primitive Aryans of Europe, 656
fires, 622-32; animals burnt in, 655 Midwinter fires, 636
Mikado of Japan, 168, 169, 176, 202, 593, 595
Miklucho-Maclay, Baron, 197
Milk, women's, promoted by milk-stones. 34; of cows, thought to be promoted by green boughs, 119; customs observed when the king of Bunyoro drinks, 199; of pig thought to cause leprosy, 472, 473; omens from boiling, 482; taboos referring to, 488; not to be drunk by menstruous women, 604; stolen by witches from cows, 620, 627, 628, 648 Milk-stones, magical, 34
Milkmen of the Todas sacred or divine, 100; taboos of, 175
Millet, homoeopathic magic of, 29; the deity of, 481
Minangkabauers of Sumatra, 180, 183, 415. 604
Minahassa, inspired priests in, 95; ceremony at house-warming in, 186, 679; names of parents-in-law tabooed in, 250; sowing and plucking the new rice in, 482; dum- mies to deceive demons in, 492; hair of slain foe used to impart courage in, 498; expulsion of devils in, 548 Minnetaree Indians, 419, 529 Minos, king of Cnossus, 280 Minotaur, the legend of the, 280 Minyas, king of Orchomenus, 291 Miracles, god-man expected to work, 93 Miris of Assam, 496
Mirrors, superstitions as to, 192 Mirzapur, rearing of silkworms in, 218 Miscarriage in childbed, dread of, 209 Misrule, Lord of, 585, 586 Missouri, the cottonwood trees in the valley of, 111
Mistletoe, 160, 658, 659, 701; Balder and the, 608, 658-67, 701, 702, 710; and the Golden Bough, 703-4
Mistress, sanctuary of the, at Lycosura, 243; "of Turquoise," 330 Mithra, Persian deity, 358
Mithraic religion, 467
Mnevis, sacred Egyptian bull, 366, 476
Moab, Arabs of, 32, 378; king of, 293; wilderness of, 334
Mock sun, 79; execution, 283; kings, 284; marriage of human victims, 581
Moffat, Dr. R., 86
Mogk, Professor Eugen, 642
Mohammed bewitched by a Jew, 241
Mohammedan calendar, lunar, 632
Mohammedans, celebration of Midsummer
Moloch, sacrifice of children to, 281 Molonga, a demon of Queensland, 562 Moluccas, the, clove-trees in blossom treated like pregnant women in, 115; fear of offending forest spirits in, 117; abduction of souls in, 186 Mombasa, king of, 99 Mon, island of, 456
Monarchy, in ancient Greece and Rome, 9; rise of, essential to emergence of mankind from savagery, 47
Mondard, the great, 466
Money, magical stones to bring, 33
Mongolia, incarnate human gods in, 103; story of the external soul in, 676 Mongols, 103, 252, 529
Monkey sacrificed for riddance of evils, 569 Montanus the Phrygian, 101
Montezuma, king of Mexico, 104, 593 Moon, the, and Endymion, 4; ceremony at an eclipse of, 78; charm to hasten, 80; Diana conceived as, 141; ceremony at new, 175; human victims sacrificed to, 444; pigs sacrificed to, 472; the "dark," 557; temple of, 571; reflected in Diana's Mirror, 711
Mooraba Gosseyn, a Brahman, 100 Moors of Morocco, 540
Mori clan of the Bhils, 474 Morning Star, the, 346; human sacrifice enjoined by, 432
Morocco, iron a protection against demons in, 226; annual temporary king in, 286; homoeopathic magic in, 496; boars used to divert evil spirits in, 540; Midsummer fires in, 631, 632, 646
Moru tribe of Central Africa, 534 Mosyni or Mosynoeci, the, 200
Mota, in the New Hebrides, conception of the external soul in, 684
Mother, of a god, 333; of the gods, 5, 348, 356; the Great (Cybele), 353; of the Maize, 413; of the Rice, 415; or Grand- mother of Ghosts, 491-3 Mother-corn, 405; -sheaf, 401
Goddess of Western Asia, 330, 331 -kin, 152, 248, 332
-in-law, savage's dread of his, 190 Motu of New Guinea, 246 Motumotu, the, 81, 192, 246
Mourners, tabooed, 205; change their names,
Mullein, used as a charm, 629
Mummers, 126, 127; the Whitsuntide, 296-301; at Hallowe'en in Isle of Man. 633
Mundaris of Assam, 118, 557
Mundas of Bengal, 342
Munster, taboos observed by the ancient kings of, 173
Mura-muras, appealed to for rain, 65 Murderers, taboos imposed on, 216
Murrain, need-fire kindled as a remedy for, 641
Music, as a means of prophetic inspiration, 334; and religion, 334-5
Muysca Indians of Colombia, 104 Muzimbas or Zimbas, the, 97 Myrrh, the mother of Adonis, 337 Mysteries, Eleusinian. See Eleusinian mys- teries
"Naaman, wounds of the," 336 Nagual, external soul, 687
Nails, used in magic, 44; knocked into trees, 127; used as charms against fairies, 226
Nails, parings of, used in magic, 13, 233; swallowed by attendants, 229; disposal of, 233-7
Names tabooed: personal, 244-8; of rela- tions, 249-51; of the dead, 251-6; of kings and other sacred persons, 257-9; of gods, 260-62
Namuc and Indra, legend of, 702
Nana, mother of Attis, 347
Nandi of East Africa, 214, 235, 247, 372, 483 Nanumea, island of, precautions against strangers in, 195
Narcissus and his reflection, 192 Narrinyeri of South Australia, 201 Natal, the Caffres of, 483
Natchez Indians of North America, 63, 215 Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice, 358
Nature, conception of the immutable laws of, not primitive, 91-2; the order and uniformity of, 162
Nauras Indians of New Granada, 497 Navajoes of New Mexico, 678
Navel-string, 39-41, 119
Ndembo, secret society on the Lower Congo, 697
Nebseni, the papyrus of, 380
"Neck, crying the," in Devonshire, 445 Need-fire, 617, 638-41
Nekht, the papyrus of, 380
Nemi, 1, 4, 5, 8; priest of Diana at, 1, 8, 106, 161, 167; lake of, 1, 704; sacred grove of, 1, 4, 8, 140-42, 147; at evening, 714
Nephele, wife of King Athamas, 290 Nephthys, sister of Osiris, 363
Net to catch the sun, 79
Nets, marriage of girls to, 144; to catch souls, 182; as amulets, 242; fumigated with smoke of need-fire, 641
New birth, through blood in the rites of Attis, 351; savage theory of, 356; of novices at initiation, 697
New Britain, rain-making in, 63; the Sulka
of, 64, 76; magical powers ascribed to chiefs in, 84; avoidance of wife's mother in, 191; expulsion of devils in, 547-8; secret society in, 680
New Caledonia, rain-making by means of a human skeleton in, 71; making sun- shine and drought in, 78; detaining the soul in the body in, 180; ideas as to reflections in, 192; burying the evil spirit in, 548; taro plants beaten to make them grow in, 581
New Guinea, charm to hasten the moon in, 80; charm for making wind in, 80; con- stitution of society in, 84; leavings of food destroyed in, 201; seclusion and purification of man-slayers in, 213; con- tinence observed during the turtle season in, 217; dread of sorcery in, 229 -
British, charms used by hunters in, 18; charm against snake-bite in, 31; no despots in, 84; double chieftainship in the Mekeo district of, 178; a widower an outcast in, 207; changes in language caused by fear of naming the dead in, 255; girls secluded at puberty in, 597
Dutch, 213; names of relations by marriage tabooed in, 250
-, Northern, rites of initiation in, 694, 695
South-eastern, annual expulsion of demons in, 556
New Hebrides, contagious magic in the, 43; magic of refuse of food in the, 201; con- ception of the external soul in the, 684 New Ireland, 596
New Mexico, the aridity of, 76; the Indians of, 502, 551
New South Wales, natives of, bury thei dead at flood-tide, 35; tribes of, 38; wa of stopping rain in, 64; the drama resurrection at initiation in, 692, 693 New Year, Chinese, 468; the Celtic, or November first, 633
New Year's Day, 558, 569; Eve, 538, 561 New Zealand, sanctity of chiefs in, 204 sacredness of chiefs' blood and heads in 230, 231; customs at hair-cutting in, 233 magic use of spittle in, 237; names of chiefs tabooed in, 259; effect of contact with a sacred object in, 474; eyes of slain chief swallowed by warriors in, 498; human scapegoats in, 542
Ngarigo tribe of New South Wales, 498 Ngoio, a province of Congo, rule of succes sion to the chiefship in, 283
Nias, island of, magic in, 18; natives of, believe in demons of trees, 116; concep- tion of the soul in, 179; detaining the soul in the body in, 180; taboos observed by hunters in, 218; superstition as to personal names in, 245; succession to the chieftainship in, 294; expulsion of demons in, 549; story of the external soul in, 677
Nicaragua, the Indians of. 138 Nicholson, General, worshipped as a god,
Nine, a number used in magical ceremonies, etc., 18, 241, 242, 284, 480, 618, 620, 625, 626, 628, 639
Niska Indians of British Columbia, 699 Nisus, king of Megara, story of, 670 Noessa Laut, magic in, 18
Nonnus, on death of Dionysus, 388 Noon, fear to lose the shadow at, 191 Nootka Indians, 66, 179, 217, 522, 599. 698; wizard, 18
Normandy, burial of Shrove Tuesday in, 305; harvest customs in, 429; Brother- hood of the Green Wolf in, 628-9; pro- cessions on the eve of Twelfth Day in, 647 Norrland, Midsummer bonfires in, 625 Norse stories of the external soul, 673
Oak, the worship of the, 159-61, 659, 710; effigy of Death buried under an, 309; the principal sacred tree of the Aryans, 665; human representatives of the oak perhaps originally burnt at the fire-festivals, 665, 666; life of, in mistletoe, 701; supposed to bloom on Midsummer Eve, 706; struck by lightning oftener than any other tree, 708 Oak branch, in rain-charm, 77; crown, sacred to Jupiter and Juno, 148, 151; god, 151, 161; leaves, 148, 661; mistle- toe, an "all-healer," 660-62; nymphs, at Rome, 147; -spirit, 701, 703; trees, sacrifices to, 161, and ague transferred to, 546
wood, perpetual fire of, 161, 704; used for the Yule log, 637, 638, 666; used to kindle the Beltane fires, the need- fire, and the Midsummer fires, 618, 620, 639, 665
Oaths, on stones, 33; taken by Mexican kings, 87, 104
Oats Bride, 408; -cow, 457, 458;
-goat, 447, 454, 457; -mother, 400; -sow, 460; -stallion, 459; -wolf, 448, 449 O'Brien, Murrogh, 229
Octennial cycle based on an attempt to harmonise lunar and solar time, 279-80 October horse, sacrifice of the, 478 Odin, sacrifice of king's sons to, 278-9, 290; legend of the deposition of, 279; human sacrifices to, 354 O'Donovan, E., 242
Offspring, charms to procure, 14, 15 Ogres in stories of the external soul, 669, 670 Oil, in magic, 23, 25, 26, 76; of St. John, 661, 662, 706; human victim anointed with, 435
Ojebway Indians, 13, 45, 78, 113, 211, 245 Olala, secret society of Niska Indians, 699 Old Calabar, 119, 493; expulsion of devils and ghosts in, 567
Old Man, Arab custom of burying the, 378; the last sheaf called the, 402, 426, 427, 467
men, savage communities ruled by, 47 Rye woman, 428, 465
Wife, name given to last corn cut, 403 Witch, burning the, 429
Woman, of the Corn, 372; last ears of corn called, 400; last sheaf called, 402; killing the, 428; burning the, 614
Old Woman who Never Dies, North Amer- ican Indian personification of maize, 419 Oldenberg, Professor, 67
Oleae, the, at Orchomenus, 291, 292 Olive wood, sacred images carved of, 7 Olofaet, a fire-god, in Namoluk, 707 Oloh Ngadju of Borneo, the, 492 Olympia, races for the kingdom at, 156 Omaha Indians, 63, 216, 473, 474 Omens, magic to annul evil, 37; from ob- servation of the sky, 279; from boiling milk, 482; from the smoke and flames of bonfires, 612, 615, 616, 621, 624, 645; from cakes rolled down hill, 620; of marriage, 626, 646
Omonga, a rice-spirit, 416
On or Aun, king of Sweden, 278, 290 Ongtong Java Islands, ceremony at recep-
tion of strangers in the, 196
Onitsha, on the Niger, king of, 200; cere- mony at eating the new yams at, 483; human scapegoats at, 569
Oracles, given by the king as representative of the god, 94; by inspired priests, 94 Oracular spring at Dodona, 147 Oraons of Bengal, 144, 342, 434 Orchomenus in Boeotia, human sacrifices at, 291
Ordeal of battle, 158; by poison, 294 Orestes at Nemi, 2, 6, 216
Oriental religions in the West, 356-62 Orinoco, Indians of the, 27, 28, 71, 73, 78, 524
Orion, the constellation, 355
Orissa, Queen Victoria worshipped as a deity in, 100
Orkney Islands, transference of sickness by means of water in the, 544
Orotchis, bear-festivals of the, 514 Orpheus, the legend of his death, 379 Osiris, 52, 325, 443; the myth of, 362-8; the ritual of, 368-77; the nature of, 377- 382; and the sun, 384; the cults of Adonis, Attis, Dionysus, and, 424; key to mys- teries of, 444; and the pig, 472, 475; in relation to sacred bulls, 476
Osiris, Adonis, Attis, their mythical simi- larity, 325
"Osiris of the mysteries," 376 Osiris-Sep, title of Osiris, 375 Ostiaks, the, 521
Ostrich, ghost of, deceived, 526 Ot Danoms of Borneo, 195, 597 Ottawa Indians, 214, 522, 527 Ounce, ceremony at killing an, 523 "Our Mother among the Water," Mexican goddess, 588
Ovambo of South-west Africa, 224 Owl, eyes of, eaten to make eater see in the dark, 496; life of a person bound up with that of an, 684; sex totem of women, 688
Ox, in magic, 22, 31, 72; corn-spirit as, 457, 466-8; slaughtered at threshing, 459; sacrificed at the Bouphonia, 466; effigy of, broken as a spring ceremony in China, 468
Oyo, king of, among the Yorubas, 274
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