Australia, Northern, homoeopathic magic of
flesh diet in, 496

South-eastern, contagious magic of
footprints in, 44, and of bodily impressions,
45; sex totems in, 687-9

-, Western, belief as to the placenta in, 39
Australian aborigines (blacks), 38, 39, 55,
80, 179, 190, 205, 207, 229, 234, 244, 251,
253, 254, 349, 533, 539, 551
Austria, charm to make fruit trees bear in,
28; belief in the sensitiveness of trees,
113; harvest customs in, 405; children
warned against the Corn-cock in, 451;
mythical calf in the corn in, 459; Mid-
summer fires in, 625; the mistletoe in, 663
Autumn-hen, last sheaf called, 451
Auvergne, Lenten fires in, 611

Auxerre, harvest customs in, 401, 459
Auxesia and Damia, 7
Awa-nkonde, the, 596

"Awasungu, house of the," 596

Axe, that slew ox, condemned, 466
Axo-mama (Potato-mother), 413
Aymara Indians, 73, 565
Azadirachta Indica, 72
Aztecs, 488, 587, 681

Ba-Pedi of South Africa, 209, 211, 220
Ba-Ronga of South Africa, 677
Ba-Thonga of South Africa, 211, 220
Baal, phrophets of, 66

Baba, name given to last sheaf, 404
Babar Archipelago, ceremony to obtain a
child for barren woman in the, 14; satur-
nalia at marriage of Sun and Earth,
136-7; fatigue transferred to stones in the,
540

Babylon, theocratic despotism of ancient, 48;
sanctuary of Bel at, 142; mortality of the
high gods of, 265; festival of Zagmuk at,
281; festival of Sacaea at, 282; sanctified
harlotry at, 330

Babylonia, divinity of the early kings, 104;
worship of Adonis in, 325

Bacchanals of Thrace, ivy eaten by, 95;
tore Pentheus in pieces, 378, 392; wore
horns, 390

Bacchic frenzy, 29

Bacchus or Dionysus, 386. See Dionysus
Badagas of the Neilgherry Hills, 482, 541,
542

Badonsachen, king of Burma, 99
Baduwis of Java, 225

Baffin Land, expulsion of Sedna in, 552

Bag, souls of persons deposited in a, 186, 675,
679; soul of dying chief caught in a,
294, 295

Baganda of Central Africa, 40, 98, 137, 145,
523, 539, 604

Bagba, a wind-fetish, 81, 170
Bageshu of East Africa, 214

Bagobos of Minandao, 180, 355, 433
Bahaus. See Kayans

Bahima, of Central Africa, 257; of Uganda,
539

Bailly, J. S., French astronomer, 337
Balder, the myth of, 607-9; and the mistle-
toe, 608, 658-67, 701, 702, 710
Balder's Balefires, 625, 664

Bali, island of, rice personified as husban
and wife in, 418; expulsion of devils in
557

Ball-players, homoeopathic charms employe
by, 29

Balls, gold and silver, to imitate the sun and
moon, 121

Balong of the Cameroons, 685
Bangala of the Upper Congo, 247
Banjars in West Africa, 86

Banks' Islands, magical stones in the, 33;
making sunshine in the, 78-9; ghosts in
stones in the, 190; ceremony for getting
rid of fatigue in the, 540

Banting in Sarawak, rules observed during
absence of warriors at, 25
Bantu tribes, 209, 215
Banyoro, the, 85, 565
Barea of East Africa, 107

Barenton, the fountain of, 76, 77

Bari of the Upper Nile, 85

Bataks of Sumatra, 14, 40, 82, 184, 198, 541,
570, 690, 691

Batavia, rain-making in, 72
Batchelor, Rev. J., 506, 515, 516
Bathing as a rain-charm, 70
Bats, the lives of men in, 687, 688
Bavaria, charms in, 28; magic in, 29, 40,
42, 43; greasing weapon instead of wound
in, 42; green bushes placed at doors of
newly married pairs in, 119; the May-
pole in, 124; the Walber in, 126; saying
as to crossed legs in, 240; Whitsuntide
mummers in Lower, 297; carrying out
Death in, 307; contests between Summer
and Winter in, 316; the corn-spirit in,
402; harvest customs in, 405, 426-8, 454,
456, 457, 461; cure for fever in, 544;
expulsion of witches in, 561; Easter fires
in, 616; Midsummer fires in, 623, 653
Bean, King of the, 586

Bean-cock, 451; -goat, 454

Bear, taboos concerning, 221; custom ob-
served after killing a, 222; killing the
sacred, 505

Beards, magic to promote growth of, 32
Beasts, sacred, held responsible for the course
of nature in ancient Egypt, 87
Beating a man's garment instead of the man,
44; with rods in rain-making, 66; frogs,
as a rain-charm, 73

Beauce and Perche, 40

Bechuanas, the, of South Africa, 31, 73, 197.
474, 484

Bed-clothes, contagious magic of bodily im-
pressions on, 45

Bede, on the succession of Pictish kings, 156

Bedouins attack whirlwinds, 83
Beeches of Latium, 150

Beech-tree, in sacred grove of Diana, 8;
burnt in Lenten bonfire, 612

Beena marriage, 152

Beer, continence observed at brewing, 219
Beetle, in magic, 31; superstitious precau-
tions against beetles, 531; external soul in
a, 674

Belgium, Lenten fires in, 609; Midsummer
fires in, 630

Bella Coola Indians, 600

Bells, used in exorcism, 195, 568; to conjure

spirits, 199; worn as amulets, 226; rung
as a protection against witches, 560, 561
Beltane fires, 617-22, 653; cakes, 618-21;
carline, 618

Benares, Hindoo gentleman worshipped as a
god at, 100

Bengal, marriage ceremony at the digging of
wells, 144; rule of succession of kings of,
277; ceremony over a Karma-tree in, 342;
human sacrifices in, 434; seclusion of girls
at puberty in, 602; stories of the external
soul in, 670

Benin, king of, worshipped as a god, 99, 200;

human sacrifices in, 433

Bera Pennu, Earth goddess, 434
Berawans of Sarawak, 15

Berbers of North Africa, 631

Berlin, treatment of navel-string in, 40

Besisis of the Malay Peninsula, 191

Besoms, burning, flung into the air to make

corn grow, 647

Bethlehem, the Star of, 347

Betsileo of Madagascar, 229
Bhars of India, 565

Bhotiyas of Juhar, 569

Biajas of Borneo, the, 566

Bibili, of New Guinea, the natives reputed
to make wind, 80

Bidasari and the golden fish, Malay story of,
676

Bilaspur or Bilaspore, twirling spindles for-
bidden in, 20; temporary rajah in, 287
Bilqula. See Bella Coola

Binbinga tribe of Northern Australia, 693
Birch-trees, 121, 128, 627

Bird, soul conceived as a, 181

Birds, cause headache through clipped hair,
234, 237; absent warriors called, 247;
tongues of, eaten, 496; as scapegoats,
541, 545; external souls in, 670, 672,
675-7

Birth, pretence of, 14, 15, 197, 406, 421; a
man's fortune determined by the day and
hour of his, 37; new, 351, 697
Birth-trees, in Africa, 681; in Europe, 682
Bitch, last sheaf called the, 449
Bithynia, song of reapers in, 425

Black colour in rain-making ceremonies, 67;
animals in rain-charms, 72, 161
Blackfoot Indians, 21, 22, 524
Blindness, charm to cause, 30
Blood, sympathetic connection between a
wounded person and his shed, 43; human,
as
rain-making ceremonies, 65;
smeared on
means of inspiration, 94;
woodwork of nouse, 117; put on door-
posts, 175; of childbirth, 209, 229; smeared

in

a

on person as a purification, 221; tabooed,
the
227-30; royal, not to be shed on
ground, 228; unwillingness to shed, 228;
received on bodies of kinsfolk, 229; drops
of, effaced, 229; of chief sacred, 230;
fetish priests allowed to drink fresh, 238;
Day of, in the festival of Attis, 349, 353;
bath of bull's, in the rites of Attis, 351;
remission of sins through the shedding of,
356; sprinkled on seed and scattered on
field, 432, 434, 438; of sacrificial horse, 478;
of men drunk to acquire their qualities,
497, 498; as a means of communion with a
deity, 535; of children used to knead a
paste, 553; girls at puberty forbidden to
see, 600; menstruous, 603, 604
Blood-brotherhood, 113; -covenant, 202
Blu-u Kayans of Borneo, 195

Boa-constrictor, Caffres' dread of, 222
Boar, in magic, 31; and Adonis, 325, 471;
Attis killed by a, 347, 471; corn-spirit as,
460; the Yule, 461, 462; Christmas, 462
Boas, Dr. Franz, 699

Boba, name given to the last sheaf, 405
Bodio, fetish king, 86

Boeotians, the. 143, 371

Bogota, rigorous training of the heir to the
throne of, 595

Bohemia, Midsummer tree burned in, 122;
throwing Death into the water in, 125;
May King and Queen in, 130-32; Whit-
suntide mummers in, 298, 299; carrying
out Death in, 309, 310; bringing in Sum-
mer in, 311; the last sheaf in, 404; harvest
customs in, 429, 456, 457; cure for fever
in, 544; expulsion of witches in, 561;
bonfires in, 621, 626; charm to make corn
grow high in, 647; fern-seed on St. John's
Day in, 704, 705

Boils, 473

Bolivia, seclusion of girls at puberty in, 601
Bombay, belief as to absence of sleeper's soul
in, 183

Bones, of dead in magic, 30, 71; human,
buried as a rain-charm, 72; departing souls
bottled up in hollow, 180; used as charms,
201, 495; cakes baked in the shape of, 489;
of animals, treatment of, 525-9; burnt in
bonfires, 616

Bonfires, Midsummer, 122, 622, 629, 645;
leaping over, 318, 610; supposed to pro-
tect against conflagration, 610; lit by
persons last married, 610; a protection
against sickness, witchcraft. and sorcery,
610, 620, 621; fertilising influence of, 645,
646; protect fields against hail and home-
steads against thunder and lightning, 649
Boni, Commendatore G., 163
Bontoc, the natives of, 433
Bormus or Borimus, 425, 442
Borneo, the Dyaks of, 14; rules observed
by camphor-hunters in, 21; telepathy in
war in, 25; hooks to catch souls in, 180;
rice used to prevent soul from wandering,
181; precautions against strangers in, 195;
use of puppets as substitutes for living
persons, 492; sickness expelled in a ship
from, 564; expulsion of evils in, 566;
seclusion of girls at puberty in, 597; birth
custom in, 679; tree as life-index in, 682

Brazil, Indians of, 88, 181, 495, 523, 581;
seclusion of girls at puberty in, 601
Bread, leavened, Flamen Dialis forbidden to
touch, 174; fast from, in mourning for
Attis, 350; communion, 481; eaten sacra-
mentally, 488, 498
Bread-fruit, 33

Breath, of chief sacred, 205, 231; caught by
his successor, 294

Brethren and Sisters of the Free Spirit, 101
Breton superstitions as to tides, 35; peasants'
way of getting rain, 76; stories of the
external soul, 674; peasants and the mistle-
toe, 704

Brewing, continence observed at, 219
Bribri Indians, the, 208, 605

Bride, the Whitsuntide, 132, 135; the May,
135; races for a, 155; fishing-net thrown
over, 242; of the Nile, 370; name given
to last sheaf, 408

Bride and bridegroom, the Whitsuntide, 133;
the Midsummer, 133; all knots on their
garments unloosed, 241

Bridegroom, the Whitsuntide, 133; of May,
133, 320

Bridget in Scotland and the Isle of Man, 134
Brigit, a Celtic goddess, 135

Brimo and Brimos in the mysteries of Eleusis,
143

Brittany, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, 35;
the Mother-sheaf in Upper, 401; Mid-
summer fires in, 628; mistletoe as a pro-
tection against witchcraft in, 704; fern-
seed on Midsummer Eve in, 705
Brooke, Rajah, of Sarawak, 89
Brotherhood of the Green Wolf, 628
Brothers, childless persons named after their
younger, 248; ancient Egyptian story of
the Two, 674

and sisters, marriage of, 332
Brothers-in-law, their names not to be pro-
nounced, 250, 251

Brown, Dr. George, 84

Buddha, images of, drenched as a rain-
charm, 77; the Footprint of, 235
Buddhas, living, 102

Buddhism, 112; and Christianity, 361
Buffalo, sacrificed for human victim, 436;
a Batak totem, 691

Buffalo-bull, last sheaf called, 457

by

th
th

Buffaloes, propitiation of dead, 523;
resurrection of, 529; revered
Todas, 534; as scapegoats, 565
Buginese of Celebes, 33
Building, continence during, 220
Bukaua of New Guinea, 597, 694
Bulgaria, 15; charms in, 30, 31; peasant
threaten fruit trees to make them bea
114; superstitions in, 240; harvest cus
toms in, 405; cure for fever in, 545; need
fire in, 640

Bull, in relation to Dionysus, 389, 390
corn-spirit as, 457, 465; at threshing
458, 459

Bull's blood, bath of, in rites of Attis, 351
Bull-roarers, 692-5

Bullets, magical treatment of, 19; magica
modes of averting, 26
Bullocks as scapegoats, 541

Bulls, sacred, of Ancient Egypt, 476
Bunyoro, king of, 199, 270

Burghers or Badagas. See Badagas.
Burglars, charms employed by, 30
Burial customs, 35, 175, 185, 190
Burma, priestly king in, 226, 227; king's
name tabooed in, 257; custom of thresh-
ing in, 418; expulsion of demons in, 549
Burne, Miss C. S., 446

Buru, East Indian island, girl sacrificed to
crocodile in, 145; eating the soul of the
rice in, 482; dog's flesh eaten in, 496
Burying the Carnival, 301-7
Bush negroes of Surinam, 166, 473
Bushmen of South Africa, 495, 604
Busiris, backbone of Osiris at, 367; ritual
of Osiris at, 375; "the house of Osiris,"
443

Busiris, king of Egypt, 443
Butter, time for making, 35
Buzzard, killing the sacred, 499

Byblus, Adonis at, 327; Osiris and Isis at,
364

Cacongo, king of, 199
Cactus, the sacred, 23

Cadiz, death at low tide at, 35
Caesar, Julius, 46, 653

Caffres, the, 222, 235, 247-9, 522; of Sofala,
33; of Natal and Zululand, 483
Cailleach (Old Wife), name given to last
corn cut, 403, 409

Cairo, ceremony of cutting the dams at, 370
Cajaboneros Indians, the, 138

Calabar, expulsion of demons at Old, 492,

567; soul of chief in sacred grove at, 681;
belief of negroes regarding external souls,
686

Calabashes, souls shut up in, 188

Calabria, Easter custom in, 345; annual
expulsion of witches in, 560
Calendar, the ancient Greek, 279; regula-
tion of the early, an affair of religion.
280; the Egyptian, 368; the Alexandrian,
373; of Esne, 373; the Mohammedan,
632

Calf, killed at harvest, 458; mythical, in
the corn, 459

Calicut, rule of succession observed by the
kings of, 275-7, 296

California, the shaman in, 88; killing the
sacred buzzard in, 499; Indians of, 599, 707
Caligula and the priest of Nemi, 3
Cambodia, homoeopathic magic used by
hunters in, 18; human incarnation of god
in, 95; kings of, 108, 167, 224, 266, 284,
289; superstitions regarding the head in,
230; annual expulsion of demons in,
559; palace purged of demons, 563;
seclusion of girls at puberty, 602; ritual
at cutting a parasitic orchid in, 660,
661

Cambodian story of the external soul, 668
Camel, plague transferred to, 540

Cameroons, the external soul in the, 681;
theory of, 685

Camomile, burnt in Midsummer fire, 631
Camp shifted after a death, 252

Campbell, Major-General John, 436, 437
Rev. J. G., 403

Camphor, 21, 24

Canadian Indians, 525, 526

Candlemas, 134, 461

Candles, 3; magical, 30; of human tallow, 56
Cannibal feast, legendary, at the Boeotian
Orchomenus, 292

Cannibalism, 233, 391, 497

Caprification, 580

Car Nicobar, expulsion of devils in, 567
Caramantran, death of, 304

Caribs, the, 27, 495, 690

Carinthia, Green George in, 126; ceremony

at the installation of a prince of, 287;
custom at threshing in, 429

Carlin or Carline, "the Old Woman," in
Scotland, 403

Carnival, dances at the, 28; burying the,
298, 301-7; the burial and resurrection of
the, 315; at Rome in the rites of Attis,
350; in relation to the Saturnalia, 586;
effigy burnt at end of, 614
Carolina, Indians of, 519

Caroline Islands, 40, 218; traditionary origin
of fire in the, 707

Carpathus, laying out of corpses in, 243
Carrier Indians of North-West America, 18,
219, 606

"Carrying out Death," 125, 302, 307-16,
577, 613, 614

Carthage, Christians worshipping each other
at, 101; the effeminate priests of the
Great Mother at, 356

Carthaginian sacrifice of children to Moloch,
281

Carver, Captain Jonathan, 698
Castration, 347, 350

Cat, in homoeopathic magic, 32; in rain-
charm, 72; corn-spirit as, 453; killed
at harvest, 453; a representative of the
devil, 656; story of a clan whose souls
were all in one, 677; a Batak totem, 691.
See also Cats

Cat's cradle as a charm, 20, 79; forbidden
to boys among the Esquimaux, 20
Catat, Dr., 193

Caterpillars, precautions against, 531
Catholic Church, 335, 345

Catholic custom of dedicating candles, 3;
as to partaking of the Eucharist, 488

Catlin, George, 88

Cats, burnt in bonfires, 610, 656; perhaps
burnt as witches, 657

Cattle, magical stones for increase of. 33;
influence of tree-spirits on, 119; crowned,
126; protected against wolves by charms,
242; last sheaf given to, 400, 407, 408,
412; Yule Boar given to the, 462; driven
through, round, or between bonfires, 615,
620, 621, 624, 626-8, 640, 641; pro-
tected against sorcery by sprigs of mul-
lein, 629; lighted brands carried round,
647

Cattle disease, Midsummer fires a protection
against, 627; plague, need-fire kindled as
a remedy for, 641

Caucasus, rain-making in the, 70; sacra-
ments of pastoral tribes in the, 534
Cayor in Senegal, the king of, 172
Cazembes of Angola, the, 203
Cecrops, king of Athens, 155
Cedar, sacred, 95

Cedar-tree, girl sacrificed to a, 112
Celebes, rain-charms in, 70; hooking souls
in, 180; customs at childbirth in, 180;
ceremonies for recovering souls in, 186;
propitiation of souls of slain enemies in,
212; planting the rice in, 416; customs
as to eating the new rice in, 482; the
external soul in, 679

Celtic sacrifices, 653, 657; tales of the ex-
ternal soul, 673

Celts, their worship of the oak, 110, 160;
annual sacrifice to Artemis, 141; fire-
festivals of the, 632

Ceram, island of, sickness expelled in a ship
from, 563; seclusion of girls at puberty
in, 597; the Kakian association in, 696
Ceres, the, in France, 401

Cetchwayo, king of Zululand, 257
Ceylon, ogres in, 669; king of, and his
external soul, 669, 670

Chaka, the Zulu despot, 86

Chams of Cochinchina, 29, 220

Charms, to ensure long life, 35; to prevent
the sun from going down, 79; to facili-
tate childbirth, 238

Chasas of Orissa, 473

Chastity observed for sake of absent
persons, 23, 24; as a virtue not under-
stood by savages, 139. See also Con-
tinence

Chatti, German tribe, 232
Cheese, the Beltane, 620

Chent-Ament, title of Osiris, 375

Cheremiss of Caucasus, the 262, 560
Cherokees, the, 29, 40, 372, 520
Chibchas, the, 104

Chicomecohuatl, Mexican goddess, 589
Chiefs, supernatural power of, in Melanesia,
84; as magicians, 84; punished for
drought and dearth, 86; tabooed, 202;
sacred, 205; foods tabooed to, 238;
names of, tabooed, 257-9
Chilcotin Indians, 78

Child, name given to last sheaf, 406; born
on harvest field, pretence of, 406
Childbed, woman in, thought to control the
wind, 80; souls of women dying in, live
in trees, 115; taboos on women in, 208

Childbirth, precautions taken with mother

at, 180, 181; women tabooed at, 207,
208; knots untied at, 238; homoeopathic
magic to facilitate, 239
Children, taboos observed by, 21, 22; buried
to the neck as a rain-charm, 75; parents
named after their, 248; sacrificed, 281,
293, 380, 431; blood of, used to knead
a paste, 553

Chilote Indians, 237

China, emperors of, 9; charms in, 35;
geomancy in, 36; modes of compelling
the rain-god to give rain in, 74; trees
planted on graves in, 115; convulsions
attributed to the action of demons in,
186; custom as to shadows at funerals
in, 190; ceremony at the beginning of
spring in, 468; popular superstitions in,
498; human scapegoats in, 566; expul-
sion of evils in, 567

Chinese empire, incarnate human gods in
the, 103

Chinigchinich, Californian god, 499, 500
Chinna Kimedy, in India, 436

Chinook Indians, 256, 599

Chins, the, 551

Chippeway Indians, 605

Chiquites Indians of Paraguay, 526
Chiriguanos of South America, 601

Chitome or Chitombé, a pontiff of Congo,
170, 266, 296

Chittagong, 239
Choctaws, the, 215

Cholera, demon of, 549, 551, 563; sent away
in animal scapegoats, 565
Christ, his Nativity, 358; his crucifixion,
359; his resurrection, 359, 360
Christian festivals displace heathen festivals,
360

Christianity, its conflict with the Mithraic
religion, 358; and Buddhism, 361
Christians, pretenders to divinity among,
101

Christmas, festival of, borrowed from the
Mithraic religion, 358; heathen origin of,
359

Christmas Boar, 462; candles, 637
Church bells, a protection against witch-
craft, 560

Ciminian forest, the, 110

Cingalese cure by means of devil-dancers,
542

Cinyras, father of Adonis, 327, 328, 332
Circassia, custom as to pear-trees in, 119
Circe, the land of, 150

Circumcision, 229, 694

Claudius, the Emperor, 3, 348
Clayton, Rev. A. C., 542

Clothes, magic sympathy between a person
and his, 43, 44

Cobra, ceremony after killing a, 222
Coca-mother, among the Peruvians, 413
Coco-nuts sacred in Northern India, 119
Cock, corn-spirit as, 450; name given
last sheaf, 451

Cockatoos, magical multiplication of, 17
Coel Coeth, Hallowe'en bonfire, 635
Coins, from the eyes of corpses, 31; portrait
of kings not stamped on, 193
Columbia, British, use of magical image
to procure fish in, 18; taboos imposed o
parents of twins in, 66; belief regarding
physician and his patient's soul, 189
Indians' dislike of telling their own names
246; seclusion of girls at puberty in, 600
rites of initiation in, 699

Combs, when not to be used, 24, 174, 215,
216

Commagny, the priory of, 77

Communion with deity by eating new fruits,
487

Communion bread, 481

Compitalia, festival of the, 491

Conception in women caused by trees, 119
Congo, recall of stray souls among the
tribes, 184; conjuring spirits before drink-
ing in the, 199; royal persons forbidden
to touch the ground, 594; rites of initia-
tion on the Lower, 697

Connaught, taboos observed by the ancient
kings of, 173

"Consort, the divine," 142
Constantine, the Emperor, 331
Consumption, cure for, 545

Contact or contagion in magic, law of, 11
Continence, required during search for
sacred cactus, 23; practised before fertility
ceremonies, 136; practised in order to
make crops grow, 138; enjoined on people
during rounds of sacred pontiff, 170; of
priests, 170; on eve of period of taboo,
173; during war, 210, 211; after victory,
212; by hunters and fishers, 217; by
workers in saltpans, 219; at brewing, 219;
at house-building, 220; at making and
repairing dams, 220; by lion-killers and
bear-killers, 221, 222; at festival of first-
fruits, 486

Cords, knotted, in magic, 241

Corea, kings responsible for rain and crops,
87; offerings to souls of the dead in trees
in, 115; king not to be touched, 224;
means of inspiring courage in, 496; use of
torches to ensure good crops in, 647
Corinthians make images of Dionysus out of
a pine-tree, 387

Cormac Mac Art, king of Ireland, 273
Corn, spirit of the, embodied in human
beings, 419; double personification of, as
mother and daughter, 420

Corn-baby, 459; -bull, 458; -cat, 453; -cock,
451; -cow, 457; -foal, 460; -goat, 454;
-pug, 449; -sow, 448, 460; -steer, 457;
-wolf, 450

-god, Adonis as a, 338; Attis as a, 353;
Osiris as a, 376

--mother, 143, 399, 412

-reapers, songs of the, 424