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advance of knowledge is an infinite progression towards a goal that for ever recedes. We need not murmur at the endless pursuit:

Fatti non foste a viver come bruti

Ma per seguir virtute e conoscenza.

Great things will come of that pursuit, though we may not enjoy them. Brighter stars will rise on some voyager of the future-some great Ulysses of the realms of thought-than shine on us. The dreams of magic may one day be the waking realities of science. But a dark shadow lies athwart the far end of this fair prospect. For however vast the increase of knowledge and of power which the future may have in store for man, he can scarcely hope to stay the sweep of those great forces which seem to be making silently but relentlessly for the destruction of all this starry universe in which our earth swims as a speck or mote. In the ages to come man may be able to predict, perhaps even to control, the wayward courses of the winds and clouds, but hardly will his puny hands have strength to speed afresh our slackening planet in its orbit or rekindle the dying fire of the sun. Yet the philosopher who trembles at the idea of such distant catastrophes may console himself by reflecting that these gloomy apprehensions, like the earth and the sun themselves, are only parts of that unsubstantial world which thought has conjured up out of the void, and that the phantoms which the subtle enchantress has evoked to-day she may ban to-morrow. They too, like so much that to common eyes seems solid, may melt into air, into thin air.

Without dipping so far into the future, we may illustrate the course which thought has hitherto run by likening it to a web woven of three different threads-the black thread of magic, the red thread of religion, and the white thread of science, if under science we may include those simple truths, drawn from observation of nature, of which men in all ages have possessed a store. Could we then survey the web of thought from the beginning, we should probably perceive it to be at first a chequer of black and white, a patchwork of true and false notions, hardly tinged as yet by the red thread of religion. But carry your eye farther along the fabric and you will remark that, while the black and white chequer still runs through it, there rests on the middle portion of the web, where religion has entered most deeply into its texture, a dark crimson stain, which shades off insensibly into a lighter tint as the white thread of science is woven more and more into the tissue. To a web thus chequered and stained, thus shot with threads of diverse hues, but gradually changing colour the farther it is unrolled, the state of modern thought, with all its divergent aims and conflicting tendencies, may be compared. Will the great movement which for centuries has been slowly altering the complexion of thought be continued in the near future? or will a reaction set in which may arrest progress and even undo much that has been done? To keep up our parable, what will be the colour of the web which the Fates are now weaving on the humming loom of time? will it be white or red? We

cannot tell. A faint glimmering light illumines the backward portion of the web. Clouds and thick darkness hide the other end.

Our long voyage of discovery is over and our bark has drooped her weary sails in port at last. Once more we take the road to Nemi. It is evening, and as we climb the long slope of the Appian Way up to the Alban Hills, we look back and see the sky aflame with sunset, its golden glory resting like the aureole of a dying saint over Rome and touching with a crest of fire the dome of St. Peter's. The sight once seen can never be forgotten, but we turn from it and pursue our way darkling along the mountain side, till we come to Nemi and look down on the lake in its deep hollow, now fast disappearing in the evening shadows. The place has changed but little since Diana received the homage of her worshippers in the sacred grove. The temple of the sylvan goddess, indeed, has vanished and the King of the Wood no longer stands sentinel over the Golden Bough. But Nemi's woods are still green, and as the sunset fades above them in the west, there comes to us, borne on the swell of the wind, the sound of the church bells of Aricia ringing the Angelus. Ave Maria! Sweet and solemn they chime out from the distant town and die lingeringly away across the wide Campagnan marshes. Le roi est mort, vive le roi! Ave Maria!

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INDEX

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Adultery of wife thought to spoil the luck of

absent husband, 23, 24

Aegira, priestess of Earth at, 94

Aegis, Athena and the, 477

Aeneas, and the Golden Bough, 3, 163, 703,
706, 707; his vision of the glories of
Rome, 149

Aeolus, King of the Winds, 81
Aesculapius, 5, 111, 301

Afghanistan, ceremony at the reception of
strangers in, 196

Africa, magicians, especially rain-makers, as
chiefs and kings in, 84-6; human gods
in, 98; rules of life or taboos observed
by kings in, 169-72; reluctance of people
to tell their own names in, 247; seclusion
of girls at puberty in, 595; dread and
seclusion of menstruous women in, 604;
birth-trees in, 681

Africa, British Central, heart of lion eaten to
make eater brave in, 495

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Africa, North, charms to render bridegroom
impotent in, 241; Midsummer fires in,
631

-, South, rat's hair as a charm in, 31;
continence in war in, 211; seclusion of
man-slayers in, 214; disposal of cut hair
and nails in, 235; magic use of spittle
in, 237; personal names tabooed in, 247;
rites of initiation in, 497; seclusion of
girls at puberty in, 595; dread of men-
struous women in, 604; story of the external
soul in, 677

-

West, magical functions of chiefs in,
85; reverence for silk-cotton trees in,
112; kings forced to accept office in,
176; fetish kings in, 177; traps set for
souls in, 187; purification after a
journey in, 197; custom as to blood
shed on the ground, 229; rain-charms,
234; negroes of, 236; human sacrifices
in. 433, 570; propitiation of dead

leopard in, 523; the external soul in,
684; ritual of death and resurrection
in, 697

Afterbirth, contagious magic of, 39-41
Agar Dinka, the, 270

Agaric, superstitions as to, 618

Agdestis, a man-monster, 349
Age of magic, 55, 56

Agni, Indian fire-god, 708

Agricultural year, expulsion of demons
timed to coincide with seasons of the,
575

Agrionia, festival at Orchomenus, 291

Agu, Mount, in Togo, wind-fetish on, 81;
fetish priest on, 169

Ague, cure for, 545, 546

Aht of Nootka Indians, 599

of

Ainos, 481, 496, 515, 528, 530, 532;
Japan, 252, 505, 506, 660; of Saghalien,
20, 509

Akikuyu of British East Africa, 145, 604
Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp, Roman
version of, 671

Alake, the, of Abeokuta, 295

Alaska, respect of hunters for dead sables
and bears in, 525; expulsion of evils in,
555; seclusion of girls at puberty in,
600

Alba Longa, 148; kings of, 149

Alban dynasty, 149; hills, 148; lake, 149;
mountain, 149, 150, 167

715

Albania, milk-stones in, 34; mock lamen-
tations for locusts and beetles in, 531;
expulsion of Kore on Easter Eve in, 560;
the Yule log in, 638

Albanians of the Caucasus, 251, 571
Albigenses worshipped each other, 101
Alchemy leads up to chemistry, 92
Aleuts of Alaska, 221

Alexandria, festival of Adonis at, 335
Alexandrian calendar, 374; year, 373
Alfai, rain-making priest, 107

Alfoors, of the island of Buru, 250; of
Central Celebes, 181, 690; of Halmahera,
548; of Minahassa, 94, 95, 186, 482, 492;
of Poso, 248

Algeria, Midsummer fires in, 631
Algidus, Mount, 150, 164

Algonquins, 144

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Alvarado, Pedro de, Spanish general, 687
Amaxosa Caffres, 522

Amazon, Indians at the mouth of the, 581
Amboyna, rice in bloom treated like a
pregnant woman, 115; ceremony to fertilise
clove-trees in, 137; fear to lose the shadow
at noon in, 191; sick people sprinkled with
pungent spices in. 196; superstition re-
garding hair in, 680

America, power of medicine men in North,

87; continence in Central, 138; the Corn
Mother in, 412; personification of maize
in North, 419; first-fruit ceremonies in,
486, 487

American Indians, 29, 63, 82, 87, 111, 136,
138, 214, 244, 246, 252, 253, 256, 264, 522.
See also North American Indians

Amethysts as charms, 34, 85

Ammon, the god, 142, 477, 500

Amoy, spirits who draw away the souls of

children at, 186

Amphictyon, king of Athens, 155

Amulets, 109, 242, 243, 679, 680

Amulius Silvius, 149

Anabis, human god at, 96

Anaitis, Persian goddess, 331

Anatomie of Abuses, 123

Ancestor, wooden image of, 679

Ancestors, prayers to, 71; sacrifices to, 72;
souls of, in trees, 115; names of, bestowed
on their reincarnations, 256

Ancus Marcius, Roman king, 158

Andaman Islanders, 192

Anderida, forest of, 109

Andes, the Peruvian, 79; the Colombian
104

Anemone, the scarlet, 336

Angamis, Eastern, of Manipur, 64
Angola, the Matiamvo of, 271
Angoni, the, 73, 214

Angoniland, rain-making in, 63
Angoy, king of, 273

Anhouri, Egyptian god, 265

Animal, killing the divine, 499-518; and man.
sympathetic relation between, 700

Animals, homeopathic magic of, 31; asso-
ciation of ideas common
54:
to the,
rain-making by means of, 72; injured
through their shadows, 190; propitiation
of the spirits of slain, 217, 220; torn to
pieces and devoured in religious rites,
390, 391; so-called unclean, originally
sacred, 472; belief in the descent of
men from, 473; resurrection of, 516,
528, 529; wild, propitiation of, 518-32;
two forms of the worship of, 532; pro-
cessions with sacred, 535; transference
of evil to, 540-42; as scapegoats, 540,
565, 568, 570, 576; burnt at festivals,
655, 656; perhaps deemed embodiments
of witches, 657, 658; external soul in,
683-91

Animism, the Buddhist, not a philosophical
theory, 112; passing into polytheism,
117

Anjea, mythical being, 39

Anna Kuari, an Oraon goddess, 434

Annam, ceremonies observed when a whale
is washed ashore in, 223

Anointing stones, in order to avert bullets
from absent warriors, 26; in a rain-
charm, 76

Anointment, of weapon which caused wound,
41; of priest at installation, 174
Anthropomorphism of the spirits of nature,

423

Antigonus, King, 97

Antioch, festival of Adonis at, 336, 346
Antrim, harvest customs in, 404
Ants, bites of, used in purificatory cere-
monies, 195, 601; for lethargic patients.
496

Anubis, the jackal-headed god, 366, 367,
374

Anula tribe of Northern Australia, 64, 72,
693

Apaches, the, 76, 211
Apalai Indians, 195
Ape, a Batak totem, 691

Aphrodite, 4; and Adonis, 7, 327, 335;
the mourning, of the Lebanon, 329;
sanctuary of, 330; and Cinyras and
Pygmalion, 332; her blood dyes white
roses red, 336

Apis, sacred Egyptian bull, 335, 365, 476,
501

Apollo, prophetess of, 95; image of, in
sacred cave at Hylae, 95; and Artemis,
120; at Delphi, 265; his musical contest
with Marsyas, 354; identified with the
Celtic Grannus, 611

Apollo Diradiotes, inspired priestess at
temple of, 94

Apologies offered to trees, 113, 115, 116;
by savages to the animals they kill, 520,
523

Apoyaos, head-hunters, 433

Apple-tree, barren women roll under, to
obtain offspring, 120; straw man placed
on oldest, 467; torches thrown at, 610;
as life-index of boy, 682

Arab charms, 31, 242; name for the scarlet
anemone, 336

Arabia, belief as to shadows in ancient, 190;
camel as scapegoat in, 540

Arabian Nights, story of the external soul in
the, 674

Arabs, of Moab, 32, 378; of North Africa,
70

Araucanians of South America, 245

Archigallus, high priest of Attis, 349, 353
Arctic regions, ceremonies at the reappear-
ance of the sun in the, 551

Arden, forest of, 110

Ardennes, effigies of Carnival in the, 305;
exorcising rats in the, 531; bonfires on
the first Sunday in Lent. 609, 656;
Lenten fires and customs in the French,
610

Aricia, 1, 2; many Manii at, 6, 491; its
distance from the sanctuary, 106; the
priest of, 582, 592, 593, 703

Arician grove, 5, 6, 301, 477-9, 491, 582,
704

Arizona, aridity of, 76

Armenia, rain-making in, 70; cut hair.
nails, and extracted teeth preserved in,
236; sacred prostitution of girls before
marriage in, 331

Arrows, in homeopathic magic, 29; in
contagious magic, 41; fire-tipped, shot
at sun during an eclipse, 78; shot as a
rain-charm, 99

Arsacid house, divinity of Parthian kings
of the, 104

Art, sylvan deities in classical, 117
Artemis, 120, 140, 141; and Hippolytus, 4-7;
and Apollo, 120; of Ephesus. 141, 349;
at Perga, 330; the Hanged, 355

Aru Islands, custom of not sleeping after
a death in the, 182; dog's flesh eaten to
make eater brave, 496

Arunta of Central Australia, 17, 603
Arval Brothers, 224, 578.

Aryan god of thunder, 638

Aryans, magical powers ascribed to kings,
89; in Europe, 110, 159, 161, 163, 656,
665; descent of kingship through women,
155; of ancient India, 490; their use of
the sacred oak-wood, 666; stories of the
external soul, 668; reverence for the oak,
709

Ascension Day, 312, 702

Ascetic idealism of the East, 139
Ash-tree in popular cures, 546, 682
Ash Wednesday 302, 304, 305, 461, 614
Ashantees, 497

Ashes, in magic, 30-32, 72, 76; of human
victims scattered on fields, 378-80, 433.
436-8, 442, 443; of bonfires, use of, 611,
615, 621, 635, 645, 646; of Midsummer
fires, 626, 629, 631, 632; of the Yule log,
637; of the need-fire, 640

Asia Minor. pontiffs in, 9; human scape-
goats in, 579

Asongtata, annual ceremony performed by
the Garos of Assam, 568
Asopus, the river, 143

Aspalis, a form of Artemis, 355

Ass, in cure for scorpion's bite, 544
Assam, the hill tribes of, taboos observed
by the headman and his wife, 173, and by
warriors, 212; parents named after their
children in, 248; head-hunting in, 441;
the Asongtata ceremony in, 568

Assumption of the Virgin, festival of, 360
Astarte, a great Babylonian goddess, 327, 335,
346

Athamas, king of Alus, 290-92

Athena and the aegis, 477

Athenian sacrifice of the bouphonia, 466
Athenians, decree divine honours to Deme-
trius Poliorcetes and his father Antigonus,
97; prayed to Zeus for rain, 159; their
tribute of youths and maidens to Minos,
280; sacrifice to Dionysus for the fruits
of the land, 386; their use of human scape-
goats, 579

Athens, king and queen at, 9; titular king
at, 106; marriage of Dionysus at, 142;
female kinship at, 155; sacred spots
struck by lightning at, 159; the Com-
memoration of the Dead at, 340; Dionysus
of the Black Goatskin at, 390; annual
sacrifice of a goat on the Acropolis of, 477;
fever transferred to pillar at, 545
Atonement, Jewish Day of, 569
Attica, summer festival of Adonis in, 336;
Flowery Dionysus in, 387; time of thresh-
ing in, 466; killing an ox formerly a capital
crime in, 466

Attis, and Cybele, 4, 5, 8; myth and ritual
of, 347-52; as a god of vegetation, 352,
353; human representatives of, 353-6;
his relation to Lityerses, 440; killed by a
boar, 471

Augustine, 359, 382
Augustus as a ruler, 46

Aun or On, King of Sweden, 278, 290
Aurelia Aemilia, a sacred harlot, 331
Australia, magical ceremonies in, 17; charms
in, 32; contagious magic in, 38, 39, 42,
44, 45; magic practised but religion nearly
unknown in aboriginal, 55; rain-making
in, 64, 65, 72, 76; detaining the sun or
hastening its descent in, 80; dust columns
thought to be spirits in, 82; government
of old men in aboriginal, 83; ceremony
observed at approaching the camp of
another tribe, 197; totemism in, 533;
annual expulsion of ghosts in, 550; dread
and seclusion of women at menstruation
in, 603; initiation of young men in, 692

Central, magical ceremonies for the
supply of food in, 17; charm to promote
the growth of beards in, 32; contagious
magic of wounds in, 42; headmen of
totem clans public magicians in, 83; con-
cealment of personal names in, 245; avoid-
ance of the names of the dead in, 252;
magical rites for the revival of nature in,
323; expelling the devil in, 548

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