the South, and had always been State-rights | 1852, Secretary of War in Buchanan's Cabinet, Democrats.

Page 273. "The Law-'n'-Order Party of ole Cincinnater." In Cincinnati, on March 24, 1862, Wendell Phillips, while attempting to deliver one of his lectures on slavery and the war, was attacked by a mob and very roughly handled.

and a brigadier in the Confederate service.

Page 283. "Extra ordine Billis." William Smith, of King George County, Virginia, was the proprietor of an old fine of coaches running through Virginia and the Carolinas. He was called "Extra Billy" because he charged extra for every package, large or small, which his pas sengers carried. Mr. Smith himself, however, attributed his nickname to his extra service to the State. He was several times a Congressman, twice Governor of Virginia, and a Confederate Brigadier-General.

Page 281. Gov'nor Seymour. Horatio Seymour (1810-1886), of Utica, New York, was one of the most prominent and respected men in the Democratic party, and a bitter opponent of Lincoln. He had at this time been recently elected Governor of New York on a platform that de- Page 295. Seward. Under the influence of nounced almost every measure the government Mr. Seward, President Andrew Johnson develhad found it necessary to adopt for the suppres-oped a policy of reconstruction directly opposed sion of the Rebellion. His influence contributed to the views of Congress and the mass of the not a little to the encouragement of that spirit Republican party. He believed in punishing inwhich inspired the Draft Riot in the city of New dividuals, if necessary, but that all the States York in July, 1863. ought to be re-installed at once in the position they had occupied in 1860. The guarantees against disloyalty he proposed to exact from the South were few and feeble. Congress, on the other hand, determined to keep the subdued States in a position somewhat resembling that of territories and under military surveillance until it could be satisfied that four years' war would not be without good results. Its chief aim was to secure the safety of the negro, who had been freed by the thirteenth Amendment in December, 1865. These differences of plan led to a protracted and bitter contest between the execu tive and legislative departments, culminating in the unsuccessful attempt to impeach Jolinson in March, 1868. The Congressional policy was car ried out over the President's vetoes. Among other conditions the Southern States were re quired to ratify the fourteenth and fifteenth Amendments, giving citizenship and suffrage to the blacks, before being qualified for readmission to the Union.

Page 282."Pres'dunt's Proclamation." In the autumn of 1862 Mr. Lincoln saw that he must either retreat or advance boldly against slavery. He had already proceeded far enough against it to rouse a dangerous hostility among Northern Democrats, and yet not far enough to injure the institution or enlist the sympathy of pronounced anti-slavery men. He determined on decisive action. On September 22, 1862, he issued a monitory proclamation giving notice that on the first day of the next year he would, in the exercise of his war-power, emancipate all slaves of those States or parts of States in rebellion, unless certain conditions were complied with. This proclamation was at once violently assailed by the Democrats, led by such men as Seymour, and for a time the opposition threatened disaster to the administration. The elections in the five leading free States-New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois-went against the Republicans. But with the aid of New England, the West, and, not least of all, the Border Slave States, the President was assured a majority of about twenty in the new House to carry out his abolition policy.

Page 283. Kettelopotomachia." The incident furnishing the occasion for this poem was a Virginia duel, or rather a free fight. Mr. H. R. Pollard, of the Richmond Examiner, had some difficulty with Messrs. Coleman and N. P. Tyler, of the Enquirer, concerning the public printing. On Friday, January 5, 1866, all three gentlemen met in the rotunda of the Virginia! Capitol, and proceeded to settle their dispute by an appeal to revolvers. Six shots were fired, but no damage resulted, except to a marble statue of Washington.

Page 284. "Letcheris." John Letcher (18131884), a Virginia lawyer and politician, was sereral times in Congress, and was Governor of his State from 1860 to 1864.

Page 284. "Floydis." John B. Floyd (18051863) was Governor of Virginia from 1849 to

Page 298. "Mac." General George B. McClellan was one of the leaders of the Northern Democracy during the war, and the presidential nominee against Lincoln in 1864.

Page 299. "Johnson's speech an' veto message." The Civil Rights Act of March, 1866, had just been the occasion of an open rupturc between Congress and the President. The bill, conferring extensive rights on freedmen, passed both Houses, but was vetoed by Johnson. It was quickly passed again over his veto.

Page 299. "A temp'ry party can be based on 't." Johnson's plan of reconstruction did, indeed, furnish the material for the next Democratic platform in the presidential campaign of 1868.

Page 299. Tyler. John Tyler, who had been chosen Vice-President in 1840, succeeded to the Presidency on the death of Harrison one month after the inauguration. He abandoned the policy of the party that elected him, and provoked just such a contest with it as Johnson did.

INDEX.

Astor, Jacob, a rich man, 199.

Astræa, nineteenth century forsaken by, 202.
Athenians, ancient, an institution of, 183.
Atherton, Senator, envies the loon, 190.
"Atlantic," editors of. See Neptune.
Atropos, a lady skilful with the scissors, 280.
Austin, Saint, profane wish of, 184, note —
prayer of, 236.

Eolus, a seller of money, as is supposed by Austrian eagle split, 273.
some, 202.