Included under the head' Other Sects' in the above table were 3,775 Mennonites;' 379 Irvingites; 216 Greek Catholics; and 819 Free Christians.'

As regards ecclesiastical administration, the kingdom is divided into 2 Roman Catholic archbishoprics, those of Munich and Bamberg; 6 bishoprics; 171 deaneries; and 2,756 parishes. The Protestant Church is under a General Consistory-Ober-Consistorium'— and three provincial consistories. Of the three universities of the kingdom, two, at Munich and Würzburg, are Roman Catholic, and one, at Erlangen, Protestant. (For number of professors and students in 1885, see Germany, page 106.) Among the Roman Catholics there is one clergyman to 464 souls; among the Protestants, one to 1,013. In the budget for 1882-3, the sum of 164,8207. is set down for the Catholic Church, 87,4831. for the Protestant, and 7001. for Jews.

Elementary schools-Volksschulen'-exist in all parishes, and school attendance is compulsory for all children from six till the age of fourteen. In 1880 there were 5,478 Catholic schools, 772 Protestant, 180 Jewish. In the budget for 1884 the sum of 290,6331. is set down for elementary schools.

Revenue and Expenditure.

The Bavarian budget is voted for a period of two years. The gross public revenue of Bavaria for the financial year ending Dec. 31, 1883, was 277,447,131 mark, with an expenditure of 234,082,935. The estimated revenue and expenditure for the years 1884 and 1885 was 234,462,573 mark. The sources of revenue and branches of expenditure were reported as follows for each of the financial years 1885 and 1886 :

SOURCES OF REVENUE AND BRANCHES OF EXPENDITURE--continued.

The direct taxes are a trade-tax, house-tax, land-tax, and income-tax.

Bavaria has a considerable debt, created in part by the deficits of former years, and in part by the construction of public works, especially railways.

The debt of Bavaria increased from 27,927,4207. in 1859 to 67,134,9827. in 1885, 47,323,020. of which is railway debt.

The greater number of the railways in Bavaria, constructed at a cost of 801,500,000 mark, or 40,075,000l., are the property of the State. The debt incurred for the State railways is so large that it requires an annual charge of 37,983,059 mark (1884-5), and as the estimated receipts from these railways amounted only to 37,176,924 mark in 1884-5, the deficit had to be raised from other sources to meet this deficit during the next finance period.

Army.

The contribution of Bavaria to the Imperial Army in 1885-6 was as follows:

:

The Bavarian Army forms an integral part of the Imperial Army,

having, in peace, its own administration.

Area and Population.

The kingdom embraces an area of 75859 square kilomètres, or 29,375 English square miles, with a population of 5,284,778-males 2,578,910, females 2,705,868-according to the German census, taken December 1, 1880. Bavaria is divided, for administrative purposes, into eight Regierungsbezirke, or government districts. The following table gives the area, in English square miles, and the population of each of the eight districts, according to the two census returns of December 1, 1875, and of December 1, 1880 :

It will be seen that there was an increase of population in all the districts, the increase being greatest in Upper Bavaria.

The increase of population in the kingdom has been comparatively small within the last half-century. In 1840 it was 4,370,974. On the basis of births, deaths, and emigration the population at the end of 1883 was 5,374,537.

The great fluctuations in the rate of increase, extremely low on the whole, are referred to emigration. There is a large emigration from Bavaria; in 1881 there were 17,106 emigrants from Bavaria by German ports and Antwerp to countries outside Europe; in 1882, 17,640; in 1883, 17,986; and in 1884, 14,856. In the 14 years 1871-84, 121,850.

In Bavaria in 1883 there were 35,985 marriages, 203,910 births, and 161,769 deaths, the excess of births over deaths being thus 42,141. Included in the births are 6,858 still-born, or 3.36 per cent. of the whole, and 27,011 illegitimate children, or 13.25 per cent. of the whole.

In 1881 the number of poor receiving relief was 160,650, the sum expended on them being 300,8967. Of the total number, 103,507 were permanent paupers.

Of the total population 51 per cent. are dependent on agriculture, and 28 per cent. on manufactures, mining, &c.

The population of the principal towns of the kingdom was as follows at the census of Dec. 1, 1885 :—

Of the total area of Bavaria nearly one-half is under cultivation, one-sixth under grass, and one-third under forests; about 50,000 acres are under vines. The number of agricultural enclosures, each cultivated by one household, was, in 1882, 681,521, with a population of 2,643,968, of whom 1,493,088 were actively engaged on the farms. Of these farms, 174,056 were under 1 hectare (2.47 acres) each; 374,907 ranged from 1 to less than 10 hectares, 131,964 from 10 to less than 100 hectares, while only 594 had an acre of 100 hectares and upwards. The total value of its mining products and smelting and iron works in 1884 was 976,800l. Beer is an important industry in Bavaria, the average quantity manufactured in 1883-84 being 278 million gallons; of this, however, only about 27 million gallons were exported.

In 1884, Bavaria had 3,168 miles of railway, of which 2,744 miles belonged to the State.

British Chargé d'Affaires.-V. A. W. Drummond. Consul.-John S. Smith.

III. WÜRTTEMBERG.

(KÖNIGREICH WÜRTTEMBERG.)

Reigning King.

Karl I., King of Württemberg, born March 6, 1823; ascended the throne at the death of his father, King Wilhelm I., June 25, 1864. Married, July 13, 1846, to Grand Duchess Olga, born Sept. 11, 1822, daughter of the late Emperor Nicholas I. of Russia.

Sisters of the King.

I. Princess Maria, born October 30, 1816; married March 19, 1840, to Alfred Count von Neipperg; widow, November 16, 1865. II. Princess Katharine, born Aug. 24, 1821; married Nov. 20, 1845, to her cousin, Prince Friedrich of Württemberg; widow, May 9, 1870. Offspring of the union is a son, Prince Wilhelm, born Feb. 25, 1848; married Feb. 15, 1877, to Princess Marie of Waldeck, who died April 30, 1882, leaving a daughter Pauline, born Dec. 19, 1877.

III. Princess Augusta, born Oct. 4, 1826; married June 17, 1851, to Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar, lieut.-general in the service of Württemberg.

Cousins of the King.

I. The late Duke Alexander, born Sept. 9, 1801, died July 5, 1885, the son of Duke Ludwig of Württemberg, grand uncle of the king; married May 2, 1835, to Claudine, daughter of Count Rhéday of Transylvania, created Countess von Hohenstein; widower, Oct. 1, 1841. Issue of the union are three children :— 1. Claudine, born Feb. 11, 1836. 2. Franz, Duke of Teck, born Aug. 27, 1837; married to Princess Mary of Cambridge, June 12, 1866 (see page 206). 3. Amalia, born Nov. 12, 1838; married Oct. 24, 1863, to Count Paul Hügel, captain in the Austrian cavalry.

II. Duchess Maria, born March 25, 1818, daughter of the late Duke Eugene of Württemberg; married Oct. 9, 1845, to Landgrave Karl of Hesse-Philippsthal; widow, Feb. 12, 1868.

III. Duke Wilhelm, brother of the preceding, born July 20, 1828; general of infantry in the service of Austria.

IV. Duchess Alexandrine, sister of the preceding, born Dec. 16, 1829.

V. Duke Nicolaus, brother of the preceding, born March 1, 1833; married May 8, 1868, to his cousin, Princess Wilhelmine of Württemberg, born July 11, 1844, daughter of the late Duke Eugene.

VI. Princess Agnes, sister of the preceding, born Oct. 13, 1835; married Feb. 6, 1858, to Prince Heinrich XIV. of Reuss-Schleiz.

VII. The late Duke Wilhelm Alexander, the son of Duke Alexander of Württemberg; married October 17, 1837, to Princess Marie of Orléans, daughter of Louis Philippe, King of the French. Offspring of the union is a son, Prince Philipp, born July 30, 1838; married January 18, 1865, to Archduchess Marie Theresa of Austria, born July 15, 1845, the daughter of Archduke Albrecht of Austria, of which union there are offspring four children: