However we as individuals may be affected by them, we shall as a body be loyal to our country. We Jews, above all, will show that the ancient blood of heroes still flows in our veins, and that we have learned to some purpose in the course of a thousand years to endure suffering and sacrifice. Up to the present our country has been our shelter and our protection. Now we must be a shelter and protection to our country, upon which it can confidently rely. To this end may the Almighty God vouchsafe us his blessing and his aid. Amen.'

Berliner Zeitung am Mittag, August 4.

Hamburg, August 4. Late last night the building of the new Alster Pavilion, which has just been occupied, was completely wrecked. For several days the Alster Pavilion has been the centre of all our patriotic demonstrations. Yesterday a Dane remained seated during the singing of the national hymn, to the intense indignation of the public. Somebody shouted at him: 'Russian, stand up!' At the same moment several rushed upon him and beat him, so that he was assisted out of the place covered with blood. The excitement increased when another young man, who tried to read a telegram, was prevented from doing so by the proprietor of the place. One of the young man's companions suddenly shouted: 'He's been thrown out by the landlord.' Thereupon people began to hoot. One of the men present mounted on a chair and shouted: 'Smash the place to pieces.' In a moment tables and chairs and everything else that was not securely fastened down were seized and broken to fragments. The mob smashed every window. Meanwhile a fire company and a strong detachment of police arrived, cleared the Pavilion, and closed a large part of the Alsterstieg to traffic. Several people received slight wounds. A number of arrests were made.

VOL. 322-NO. 4178

München-Augsburger Abendzeitung, August 3. gust 3. — Berlin, August 2. During the night of August 1 an enemy airship was observed proceeding from the direction of Kerprich toward Andernach... Enemy airplanes were observed proceeding from Düren to Cologne. A French airplane was shot down at Wesel.

Deutsche Tageszeitung (Reventlow's Ultra-Jingo organ), August 3.- Metz, August 3. Yesterday a French physician, with the assistance of two disguised French officers, tried to infect the water supply here with cholera bacilli. He was promptly arrested and shot.

This report seems so incredible that it might be taken for the figment of a diseased imagination if it were not confirmed and circulated by an official bureau. We are informed that in other places, in the eastern part of the empire, physicians attempting to perpetrate the same atrocity have been detected, arrested, and shot. Such debased and degenerate criminals, who disgrace the profession of medicine, ought not to be honored with a bullet they should be hanged!

Berliner Tageblatt, August 4.- The report circulated yesterday afternoon by a semiofficial source, to the effect that the water supply at Metz had been infected with cholera bacilli, proves to be a canard. At 7.45 P.M. last evening the semiofficial bureau in question published the following correction: "The report to the effect that a French physician was arrested yesterday at Metz, while attempting to infect a water source with cholera bacilli, has been proved false, and similar reports from other cities have so far not been confirmed. Consequently there is no occasion for public concern, but people should continue to be on their guard.'

Germania (Berlin Clerical daily), August 5. A rumor is current in Berlin that Müggel Lake has been infected. This rumor is utterly false. The water has been examined and found free from all contamination.

Frankfurter Zeitung (Liberal daily), August 3.To German Jews: In her hour of extremity the Fatherland summons her sons to her banners. It goes without saying that every German Jew is ready to sacrifice his property and his life on the altar of duty. Fellow Brothers of the Faith, we appeal to you to give freely to your Fatherland, even beyond the demands of duty. Hasten to the colors of your own accord. All of you, men and women alike, place your personal services at the disposal of the country, and dedicate your money, your wealth to her cause. Signed, Berlin, August 1. The Union of German Jews, the Central Union of German Citizens of the Jewish Faith.

Kölnische Zeitung (National-Liberal daily), August 4. - Naumburg, August 4. Several automobiles with lady passengers, and carrying money to Russia, are traveling in the direction of that country. These automobiles are to be stopped and to be delivered immediately to the nearest authorities.

Das Kleine Journal, Berlin, August 5. -Naumburg, August 5. The occupants of the automobile that is carrying gold to Russia are reported to have transferred the gold to bicyclists, who are disguised as stonemasons.

Leipziger Neueste Nachrichten (Conservative daily), August 5.- Eiben- Eibenstock, August 4. It is officially reported that a large number of enemy automobiles have been observed near Muldenberg. They immediately scattered in all directions as soon as they discovered

that they were being watched. These automobiles are reported to be carrying 25,000,000 francs in gold, but that fact has not yet been fully confirmed.

Berliner Tageblatt, August 6.- OfenPest. Upon receiving reports from the authorities at Breslau that French remittances of gold were in transit by automobile through Hungary to Russia, the gendarmes near Gran stopped several speeding automobiles, in which more than 30,000,000 francs in gold, destined for Russia, were discovered. The occupants of the automobiles were turned over to the military authorities.

[Later] It is officially ordered that pursuit of alleged enemy automobiles carrying money cease. It is interfering with the automobile service of the

army.

Tägliche Rundschau (Berlin Pan-German daily), August 5. When the Kaiser, after yesterday's unforgettable opening of the Reichstag, bade adieu to its members in the White Hall of the Royal Palace, he shook hands last with Deputy von Calker, the Strassburg Professor of Political Law. Herr von Calker was wearing his uniform as Major of the Gardelandwehr, and therefore presented himself to the sovereign in the dual capacity of a member of the Reichstag and of an army officer. This moved the Kaiser to add to his conventional greeting an expression of the feeling which, after the solemn ceremony just completed,

- this reconsecration of the holy bond uniting prince and people by a formal pledge of loyalty of the party leaders,

surged in the breast of the war lord. The Kaiser gazed at Herr von Calker a moment, dropped the hand he had just pressed, clenched his fist, made a vigorous gesture like a man delivering a blow and ejaculating, 'Now we shall thrash them,' nodded and withdrew.

TEN years will soon have passed since the outbreak of the war, with all its tragic aftermath. A few weeks previously a remarkable woman, whose lifelong appeal for peace had won her the admiration of her contemporaries, closed her eyes for the last time at Vienna. Bertha von Suttner was the first woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. For decades she had fought incessantly, on the platform and with the pen, for the peace ideal. It was she who persuaded the great Swedish industrialist, Nobel, to whom she was attached by many ties of personal friendship and common sympathy, to devote a large share of his immense fortune to the cause of peace. It was at her suggestion that he established a peace prize, together with his other prizes for science and literature.

A friendship of many years' standing bound me also to this remarkable woman. She twice crossed the Atlantic to deliver addresses upon the peace movement in the United States. There were few European capitals that had not heard her voice from the platform warning them against the consequences of their threatening armaments-race. Indeed, her reputation stood higher abroad than in Austria itself. She had hosts of admirers, especially in the Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon countries. She was in every sense of the word a cosmopolitan. Her modest house in Zedlitzgasse, Vienna, to which great men from every civilized country made pilgrimages, was the centre of a movement that touched the first minds and the noblest hearts of her age.

Bertha von Suttner has told the story of her life in her memoirs. These describe her ever-broadening development from the spiritual narrowness of

an

aristocratic Austrian household to the liberal and enlightened cosmopolitanism of her later years. Her salon, where distinguished men from all parts of the world were wont to gather, testified to a broad liberality that welcomed representatives of every phase of noble and humanitarian endeavor. Catholic and Protestant, prelate and preacher, met in friendly coöperation under her roof. Only a few months before her death she appealed successfully to the new Archbishop of Vienna, Cardinal Piffl, to exert himself for the success of the great World Peace Congress to be held in that city the coming autumn. She wrote me a few hasty lines from her deathbed, requesting that I see that certain distinguished delegates to the coming Congress were properly received. But the war put an effectual quietus on the Congress itself, and a merciful death closed the eyes of its most devoted promoter before they witnessed the suicidal orgy of organized murder that ensued.

The French physiologist Richet, the German physicist Ostwald, Prince Albert of Monaco, President Thomas Masaryk, Sir Max Waechter, and Guglielmo Ferrero were among Bertha von Suttner's friends. She corresponded with Rudolf Eucken, Bernard Shaw, and Andrew White, whose guest she had been at Ithaca, N.Y., and especially with Andrew Carnegie, whom

she had visited at his Scottish castle. She entrusted to me, shortly before she passed away, the following lines, which might be called her spiritual testament. I now make them public on the tenth anniversary of her death:

'Inasmuch as all my life-labor, all my experience and its fruits, are closely associated with a movement that throughout history from the most ancient times has stirred the hearts of a few noble individuals, and has manifested itself in every country within the last few decades as an organized effort known as pacifism; and inasmuch as I have been in close touch with the leading spirits of this movement, with statesmen like Léon Bourgeois, Muraviev, and Gladstone, with writers like Tolstoi and Björnson, I may perhaps be expected to try to trace the cause of pacifism historically, or to fortify it with arguments. But that is not my purpose. I shall not attempt to throw light on the subject from either the historical or the polemical standpoint, but only as it presents itself in my personal philosophy of life, from which my pacifist convictions and activities spring. I shall not discuss the particular problems and phenomena that characterize our age, nor their developments and effects, but I shall try to picture the image of the world that mirrors itself in the souls of my contemporaries, who have occupied themselves with this question.

'An attitude toward the world. eine Weltanschauung means essentially a philosophy to be developed more easily in two or three volumes than upon two or three sheets of note paper; although the enforced brevity of the writer may indeed be gratifying to the reader. The natural sciences have gradually revealed to us many - but but by no means all- of the natural

forces, and have disclosed the law that governs the processes of the universe: the law of evolution. All that exists; suns and stars, and whatever lives upon these stars; our earth with its stones, plants, animals, mankind, and all that proceeds out of the human race; language, industry, ideals, arts, sciences, political institutions - in short, everything that is, has evolved to its present condition and continues to evolve. Everywhere increasing differentiation and new fusion into larger units.

"That this evolution is forward and upward is a fact that we express by the word "progress." The concept of progress lies at the foundation of pacifism. That is why most of the opponents of this movement are found in the camp of the Conservatives, of those who resist progress, who preach a return to the good old times, who oppose the theory of evolution and base their entire philosophy upon what has been and what exists to-day. They are either blind to what lies ahead of us, or expect it to be a mere repetition of what has always been. They take note of the future, to be sure, because they are compelled to do so, but approach it like a crab, à reculons.

"The path of evolution leads to the enriching and ennobling, to an ever higher unfolding, of life. Therein lies a guaranty for the victory of the pacifist ideal. The accumulation of machines of slaughter, the perpetuation of mutual hatred, cannot permanently stop our constant straining toward humanity's goal of greater happiness and richer culture. Even the antipacifists see that, but they believe in the iron necessity of what has been, of the old order, and will not lift a hand to change it. They have settled down in things as they are. They and their interests are rooted in existing institutions and practices. They love these

things, and they consider any effort to change them not only folly but crime.

'But whether men so design or not, conditions change. Our social units are constantly growing larger. The interests of peoples are becoming increasingly identified. New ideals, new necessities, new aspirations unceasingly appear ahead of us. Our present military system, with its paroxysm of armaments competition, will be foiled by the very instinct of self-preservation to which it appeals, and which instinctively resists forces that would lead the world to ruin and self-annihilation. We can already see, if only in embryonic form, the beginning of the organisms that the future political existence of nations demands. I have witnessed the beginning of several of these organisms in my own lifetime: the Interparliamentary Union - the prophecy of a future world-parliament; the Hague Tribunal- the foreshadowing of a future world-court.

-

'Men may raise their old cries of scorn: "Utopia, nonsense, impossibilities! Human nature will always remain the same! History tells us that war is her moving force!" and similar militarist catchwords. But my philosophy of life teaches me the vanity of such doubts. And thus man, the youngest, highest fruit of millions of years of organic evolution on this earth, who himself has taken hundreds of thousands of years to rise from his primitive barbarity to his present stage of civilization Iman has at length discovered the natural forces and has made them slaves of his Aladdin's lamp to serve his wishes. Technical and physical miracles have been wrought by his hand, and spiritual, moral, and social miracles will necessarily follow in their wake. Only

vision based on knowledge enabled him to conceive the steam engine and the airplane. Vision based on knowledge will similarly enable him to conceive new forms of social organization.

'Sociology is still in its infancy. As soon as we become familiar with the forces and laws governing social evolution, they too will become slaves to our Aladdin's lamp, and we shall need only to formulate a clear conception of our goal to discover in our hands the means of attaining it.

"This means in its application to pacifism that the establishment of a reign of assured law and order between nations depends only upon knowledge and upon will- the knowledge to devise, the will to carry out; especially on the part of the powerful of the earth, for they already have the instrumentalities at their beck and call. To provide these instrumentalities is the modest but sacred duty of every friend of peace, of a peace movement that is but one chapter in the greater beneficent history of human evolution. Pacifism, therefore, is a doctrine that in spite of all the cruel disillusionments of the past and all the dangerous developments of the present - which are merely transitional phenomena - may well inspire its devotees with exultant confidence in the future.

'(Signed) BERTHA VON SUTTNER'