God, how much trouble is gone over me! of a longing and thirsting for holiness which Thou alone helpest. I no longer believe in could not be mistaken. She received the an earthly future. God knows where I shall sacrament on Easter Sunday, and the clergybe buried; scarcely on German ground. man, who administered it, spoke afterwards Austria sings her swan song, and then, ade of that scene as one never to be forgotten. Germania." Her countenance seemed lighted up with holiness, and her noble features wore a heavenly expression. Her old father, the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, had met her in Berlin. She had promised to return his visit in summer, and see once more her grandmother, who was too infirm to travel. On the 24th of June she removed to Neu-Strelitz, where she was welcomed by all her own family, and where the king joined her on the 28th. She spoke to her brother of her happiness, and wrote a line on her father's desk, the last she ever wrote, expressive of her joy. On the 29th the attack of spasms of the heart came on; she rallied at first, and though during the king's absence (who was compelled to return to Berlin) the medical men hoped that the danger was over, the spasms returned with increased force.

But at length there was a change for the better. Prince William, after long negotiation, obtained the evacuation of Prussia by the French troops. Two days before Christmas, 1809, the king and queen returned to Berlin. However basely the upper classes had succumbed to Napoleon, the heart of the citizens was true. They sent as their gift a new carriage to meet the queen out of Berlin, which they had lined with lilac, her favorite color; and in the midst of thundering cannon and pealing bells, the king on horseback, and the queen in her new carriage, re-entered the capital.

In the previous autumn she had given birth to a prince; and her health, undermined by sorrow and the severe climate, had been unusually delicate. She had then longed for a return to Berlin; but now, when her wish was granted, and she bent forward cagerly to see cach well-known spot, and to return her people's greetings, the change that had passed since she had entered the capital a happy bride sixteen years before, came across her, and her smiles were mingled with tears.

In her desertion she had found a faithful friend. On a public occasion Napoleon had uttered one of his scandalous falsehoods against her. The French clergyman, Erman, an old man, bluntly exclaimed, "That is false, sire!" which so astonished Napoleon, that he passed the remark by. Now, on a public occasion, the queen went to the old man with her filled glass, drank "to the health of the knight who had the courage to break a lance for the honor of his queen," and asked him to pledge her.

But though the joy of the citizens and the delight of her husband brought soothing thoughts, joy came too late for the worn spirit and overtasked frame. She had borne up during the tension of anxiety, but her strength gave way in the first moment of rest. She had herself said, as she returned to Berlin, "I feel overpowered with joy, but black forebodings trouble me." At first, a subdued melancholy took the place of her usual cheerfulness, and slight attacks of spasms showed where the malady had fixed itself. But she revived as spring advanced; her piety brought composure; that piety which spoke little, which approached religion with a sort of diffident humility, and yet presented to the thoughtful observer the evidence

She lay, except when the attack was on her, in perfect peace, looking, as some one remarked, like an angel, and repeating to herself parts of hymns which she had learned in her childhood. The king's letters she put under her pillow, and read them with delight. For her husband and children's sake she clung to life. "It would be hard," she said, "if I should die; think of the king and the children!" Before the last attack the king returned, and on the 19th of July all was over. His arm was round her when the spasms became more violent. "Lord Jesus, make it short," she said, gave a low sigh, and so departed.

The king's anguish and affection were shown in his after-life. The mausoleum at Charlottenburg bears witness, through the genius of Rauch, to the lost queen. The school for the training of females, and the almshouses for the poor set up in her memory, were called by her name. The order of the Iron Cross was instituted on her birthday; and when the great struggle came, and Prussia once more took her part in behalf of the liberties of Europe on the well-fought fields of Dresden, and Leipsic, and Quatre Bras, the arm of many a Prussian soldier was nerved and his heart steadied by the recollection of her wrongs whom Prussia had lost, -lost through imperial cruelty and selfish ambition; but not till she had made for herself a spotless fame which has given lustre to queens, and set an example which, we trust, will secure a lasting blessing to the Prussian throne.

From The Saturday Review, 26 May. LORD BROUGHAM AT EDINBURGH.

long list of his own illustrious fellow-students "who, under the same masters, gained THE new constitution of the university of those accomplishments which made them the north has been inaugurated with all the the ornaments of society, the solid learning splendor that befits its traditional prestige, and practical knowledge which made them its many grand associations, and its lofty its benefactors, ministering at the altars of designs. Two orators, both among the most their country, admistering her laws, amendillustrious of their day, have accepted its ing her institutions, improving her literature highest posts of honor, have dignified its and taking their station among the best ceremonials by their presence, and have set friends of mankind, the fearless, the consistthemselves to describe, with all the authority ent apostles of piety, humanity, and freedom which realized success commands, the ob--all now passed away, leaving their memory jects which the scholar should place before for our comfort, their examples for our enhim as the goal of his ambition, and the couragement."

rules by which he may best defy the solicita- Such men as these are not the models for tions of self-indulgence, faint-heartedness, a selfish, indolent, or careless career, and the or despair, and most safely tread the narrow contemplation of their characters must, one and arduous path by which alone the diffi- would imagine, tend in the greatest degree culties of life must be surmounted, and fortune's crowning height at last attained.

to shame a young man into shaking off the frivolity which too often lasts on when every innocent characteristic of childhood has passed away, and to force him to realize how serious and valuable a matter the educational period of his existence deserves to

The ceremony to which the Edinburgh students were last week invited was just one of those which must fire the coldest and most unimpressible temperament with something of sentiment and enthusiasm. A former be esteemed. Nothing indeed can be simstudent of the university, full of years and pler or more homely than the advice which honor, crowned with every distinction that the great orator urged most earnestly upon falls within the reach of varied powers and his hearers. To economize the spare mindauntless resolution, returning to the scene utes of life, to master one thing at a time, of his earliest labors, and surveying the long and to master it thoroughly-to concentrate and eventful retrospect which the time and every effort upon a single brauch of employplace naturally suggested, could not fail to ment, and to make that the nucleus round arouse the interest and to touch the feelings which all subsidiary information may be arof his hearers. It is to associations of this ranged-such are the commonplace maxims kind that great schools and colleges owe which Lord Brougham thinks it especially much of that irresistible fascination which necessary to impress upon the students of they exercise over the minds of all who come Edinburgh. A less distinguished speaker within the range of their influence. Nothing might have shrunk from them as below the could serve more to stimulate a boy to great dignity of the occasion, and might have exertions, to suggest the possibility of a gratified the ingenuity of an academical augrand career, and to fix his attention on no-dience by metaphysical subtleties, or his ble schemes, than the consciousness of being vanity by some abstruse speculation. Lord united by common interests and attachments Brougham could be content with a lower to men whose abilities have carried them far and less pretentious flight. His whole phiabove the ordinary level of society. There losophy is eminently utilitarian. He values is a certain solidarity of greatness by which intellectual ability just in proportion as it every member of the fraternity shares some- contributes, not to the exaltation of a single thing of the distinction which a single indi- individual, but to the increased happiness vidual may enjoy. Thus a university is a and comfort of the mass of mankind. "The bond of union, not only between different wisdom of ancient times, though it dealt ages, but between the opposite extremes of largely with the subject of our passions and the same generation. The poor Scotch lad generally with the nature of man in the abwho has just entered upon his curriculum of stract, never stooped to regard as worthy of study may be encouraged by the knowledge consideration the rights, the comforts, and that the chancellor of his university sub- the improvement of the community at large." mitted to the same routine and confronted Lord Brougham warns his audience against the same difficulties as give the coloring to so false a view of the objects of learning. his own existence. Lord Brougham seems He protests against the notion of an "imto have felt this when he recalled "the breathless silence and riveted attention" with which he had, "within those very walls, received the instructions of the teachers of other days," and when he went through the

passable space which separates the vulgar from the philosopher and the statesman.' He shrinks with horror from the cold and merciless theory which degraded the mass of mankind to the level of the brute crea

tion.

66

"A sounder philosophy and a purer in their admiration of genius and their sense religion have in modern times entirely abol- of power." The splendors of a Napoleonic ished all such distinctions." The ameliora- régime are but a poor equivalent, in Lord tion of society is, he thinks, no unworthy Brougham's estimation, for the crimes and employment for the most exalted powers, miscries which its establishment entailed, and this genial and condescending temper and for the ruined liberties in which it regives the principal coloring to his treatment sulted. of every subject which falls within the range Never have the true ends of power been of his long and discursive address. In more nobly and simply laid down, or a higher morals, it leads him to contend "that it is conception of the responsibilities of learning beneficence rather than benevolence which enforced upon a learned audience. The can be regarded as a virtue, and entitled to Edinburgh university has the honorable disconfidence and respect." In literature, it tinction of attracting students, not only from forces him to apostrophize writers in the various parts of England, but from the conlanguage of Mirabeau-"Ah, would they tinent and from the States of America. Lord but devote themselves honestly to the noble Brougham has suggested some of the useful' art of being useful." The greatest rhetori- lessons which these alien learners may carry. cian of his day sees in oratory only a means away with them to their own countries. The to the same unpretentious result: "Elo-Frenchman will understand that popular quence," he says, can only in these times rights do not involve popular tyranny, and be worthily employed for furthering objects that absolutism is not the only alternative little known to, or, if dimly perceived, little for anarchy. The American will appreciate cared for by, the masters of the art in an- the advantage of a government in which recient days the rights of the people, the im-spectable men will consent to act, and of an provement of their condition, their advance- administration of justice which the mob canment in knowledge and refinement-above not influence. The Neapolitan will, in the all, for maintaining the cause-the sacred clear atmosphere of northern freedom, see cause- of peace at home and abroad." His- despotism in all its true deformity. Englishtory, in the same way, is deserting her true men will understand the advantage of a stuand honorable vocation when, dazzled by dent's home life. All, we should hope, who splendor of genius, or the imposing scale of had the honor of listening to the chancellor's achievements, she forgets the real interests inaugural address will have been infected of our species, and holds up to admiration with something of the candor and large"the worst enemies of mankind-the usurp-mindedness, the calm judgment, the sincere ers who have destroyed their liberties, the love of justice, the lofty morality, which the conquerors who shed their blood." Lord veteran philosopher-almost the only surBrougham looks at once to the influence which such a mode of treatment is likely to exercise upon the actors in the affairs of life. The multitude are too often pursuaded into being the accomplices of some illustrious criminal. "Seduced by the spectacle of triumphant force, stricken with wonder at the mere exercise of great faculties with great success, men withdraw their eyes from the means by which the ends are attained, and lose their natural hatred of wickedness

vivor of a race of great men-endeavored to impart to a generation with which his name has already become historical. Our age is, in one respect, exceptionally privileged-we are rich in the wisdom of old men, and in a disturbed and threatening epoch we may certainly think ourselves fortunate, no less that Lord Lyndhurst still takes his place in our senate, than that Lord Brougham is the presiding genius of one of our great universities.

symptoms, so frequently insisted upon the friends of patients who have succumbed to apparently sudden disease of the brain, is rendered incredble by the evidence of long-standing disease discovered after death. The symptoms must have been there, and the patient might have been saved, had their import been understood by him or his friends. Hence the manifest importance of a book that teaches unprofessional readers to apprehend the signs of incipient cerebral disease, as readily as they do those of other maladies for which the physician is consulted in good time.—

Ir is a notion too commonly entertained not | only by the public but even by educated medical men who have not made diseases of the brain their special study, that many fatal affections of this class are suddenly developed without having been preceded by any premonitory symptoms or by any organic changes of the brain or its appendages. It is for the purpose of disabusing his readers of this error, and guarding them against its lamentable consequences, that Dr. Forbes Winslow has written his treatise "On Obscure Disease of the Brain and Disorders of the Mind." The absence of all premonitory | Spectator.

From The Examiner, 2 June.
THE BRUCE WAR.

population. There is a peculiarity exclusively Chinese, which makes war with them To suffer for the madness of kings is the utterly different from war with any other ancient fate of nations, and perhaps there people on earth. This is their carelessness was some consolation in the fact that the and recklessness of life. China has too much authors of the evil were mighty men. The life, more life than her land and her water old Trojan chief found, in Helen's surpassing can give room for and support. The debeauty, a fair and sufficient excuse for all the struction of life is therefore hardly regarded troubles of Troy. It was no shame, he said, as an evil even when it is the work of an to undergo many woes for such a woman, enemy. Suppose we slay a hundred thouwho excessively resembled a goddess in the sand, the only reflection would be, so much face. But where are we to find consolation the better for those that survive and take for the present war with a third of the human their places. The decimation of the popularace? Where is the Agamemnon to give tion would hardly be looked upon as loss, dignity, or the Helen to grace this calamity? and the emperor would probably feel that his There is nothing like either. A small envoy enemies had rendered his flowery people a has plunged us into this huge, unwieldy war. service by weeding it of its rank luxuriance. He was, to say the best, not known as a man For himself, he will take good care to keep of any remarkable capacity, but he was, for- out of the way, and reconcile himself to all sooth, the brother of Lord Elgin, and upon the rest, unless, as may happen, our hostilthat family-claim the destinies of two em-ities lead to the overthrow of the dynasty pires were entrusted to his hands. To his and a state of anarchy. precipitancy in ordering the attack in the The Chinese are the very opposite of Peiho, what a frightful amount of waste of a warlike people; but paradoxical as it may blood and treasure may hereafter be dis- sound, this does not contribute to the suctinctly referable, and also what grievous cess of war with them. They hold war in no financial embarrassments. The war with all honor; they think it far secondary to letters, its consequences is the Bruce war. It was ceremony, and etiquette. Victory, therehis act both to put us in the wrong and fore, does not humiliate them. They conto get us beaten in the wrong, and to the sole themselves with their proverbial saying, consequent loss of our prestige is attributa- that "flints are harder than eggs, but not so ble the emperor's obstinacy in rejecting the valuable." Barbarians can use their force ultimatum of our government, and accepting and craft to burn and destroy, but the inner the hazards of renewed hostilities. We may people pride themselves on knowing better be told that it is ungenerous to cast re- things. They are thus proof against us in proaches upon an officer for an error in judgment, but something more than generosity is required in the exercise of opinion upon conduct fraught with mighty consequences. And if Mr. Bruce is to be excused for error of judgment, not so is the government that appointed a man capable of so great an error, and instructed him so ill to avoid it. Lord Malmesbury indeed declares that he never contemplated as possible the proceedings of Mr. Bruce in the Peiho; but be that as it may, there was room and authority for those high-handed proceedings under the letter of the instructions.

And here we are now in the beginning of a war the end of which none can foresee, and few now living may see. For what is before us? Let us imagine England at war with all Europe, with this difference, that the continent should be much more populous than it is, and much less warlike. But the similarity would be in this, that the people of one part of the continent would have no sympathy with or concern for the people of another part. The parallel of Europe will, however, only serve us for the illustration of the scale of operations, and the absence of any thing homogeneous and sympathetic in the

two respects, their inhumanity and their conceit. They will neither care for the killed, nor be mortified by defeat, and we may repeat what we call our triumphs without making the slightest impression. They have but one sensitive side, and that is the pocket, by an action on which alone we can extort terms.

From The Examiner, 2 June.

THE REJECTION OF THE ULTIMATUM.

THE following important correspondence was laid on the table of the House of Commons on 31 May:

:

MR. BRUCE TO THE SENIOR SECRETARY OF
STATE, PANG-WAN-CHANG.

Shanghai, March 8th. The undersigned, etc., has the honor to address a communication to his Excellency Pang-Wan-Chang, a senior secretary of state, and their excellencies the members of the great council of his majesty the emperor of China. The undersigned has the honor to state that, as in duty bound, he has laid before her Britannic majesty's government a full narrative of all the circumstances attending his journey to the mouth of the Tien-tsin River last summer for the purpose of ex

changing the ratifications of the treaty of Tien-tsin, as required by the provisions of that treaty, on or before the 26th of June, 1859. Besides the whole of his correspondence with the imperial commissioners and other officers of the imperial government, the undersigned has transmitted to the government of her Britannic majesty a copy of the imperial decree, dated the 9th of August, and handed, by the emperor's desire, to the United States minister, Mr. Ward, on the eve of his departure from Pekin.

The decree begins as follows:"Last year the ships of the English sailed into the port of Tien-tsin and opened a fire on our troops. We accordingly instructed Sangkolin-sin, prince of the Khorchin tribe, to adopt the most stringent measures for the defence of Taku, and (the envoys of) the different nations coming up to exchange treaties on this occasion were told by Kweiliang and Hwashana at Shanghai that Taku was thus strictly guarded, and that they must go round by the port of Peh-tang. The Englishman Bruce, notwithstanding, when he came to Tien-tsin, in the fifth moon, did not abide by his original understanding with Kweiliang and his colleague, but actually forced his way into the port of Taku, destroying our defensive apparatus."

served towards Admiral Hope, commanderin-chief of her majesty's naval forces in these seas, when, in furtherance of the objects made known to his Excellency Kweiliang in the letter above cited, he appeared on the 17th of June at the mouth of the river to announce the approach of the undersigned and his colleague the minister of France. The admiral was assured that the passage had been closed by the so-called militia, whom he found in charge of the booms obstructing it, without the orders of their government, none of whose officers, the militia repeatedly affirmed, was near the spot; also that it was closed, not against foreigners, but against a native enemy. These false representations were supported by false appearances; the batteries of the forts were masked, no banners were displayed, no soldier discovered himself. Still further to prevent verification of the statements of the militia, no communication was allowed with the shore. After promising to remove the obstacles at the river mouth, the militia repudiated the promise. They conducted themselves with rudeness and violence to the officers who were sent to speak with them, in one instance proceeding so far as to threaten the life of a gentleman despatched with a message from the admiral.

Such was the state of things when the undersigned arrived outside the bar on the 20th of June. Finding that the officials persisted in keeping aloof, while the militia continued to assert that the obstruction of the river way was their own unauthorized act, he called on the admiral to take such steps as would enable him to reach the capital by the time appointed. This, after due notice given to the militia, and after receiving from them an assurance on the previous evening that they should certainly have nothing further to communicate, the admiral was proceeding to effect, on the 25th of June, the eighth day from his arrival, when the forts, which had been for these eight days to all appearances deserted, suddenly opened fire upon his squadron. Apparently to cover this treacherous conduct, the officers in charge of the forts have imposed another fiction on his imperial majesty, who has been led to believe that the British squadron assumed the offensive by bombarding the forts. This is utterly without foundation; no shot was fired until the batteries had opened; the ships having no other object in advancing but to remove the obstacles placed across the river without author

The undersigned did not fail at once to apprise the government of her Britannic majesty that the emperor had been singularly misled. Had it, indeed, been signified by him by the commissioners at Shanghai that his majesty had decided on closing to foreign envoys the natural and most convenient highway to his capital, such evidence of an unfriendly disposition on the part of the imperial government would certainly have been regarded by the undersigned as fit matter of remonstrance and negotiation. No intimation of the kind, however, was conveyed to the undersigned in the letters of the imperial commissioners. The port of Peh-tang was never named by them, nor did the undersigned enter into any engagement with them other than that contained in his letter of the 16th of May, in which he acquainted his Excellency Kweiliang of the nature and object of his mission, and of his intention to proceed by ship to Tien-tsin, from which city he requested his Excellency to give the necessary orders for his conveyance to Pekin. He begs to enclose copy of this letter, as also of that received from the imperial commissioner of the 12th of June. These will prove that the undersigned was allowed to quit Shanghai in total ignorance of the em-ity. peror's objection to his employment of the usual river route. A like silence on the subject of the imperial prohibition was ob

The facts of the case are simply those stated by the undersigned; and her Britannic majesty's government, after mature de