Harcourt Lees, or of Dr. Robert Southey. It it however time to return to the Martrys for August: the first upon the list is Leonard Keyser, a Bavarian renegade priest, who adopted the opinions of Luther, with some improvements of his own, for which he suffered at the town of Possaw, on the 16th of August, either in 1526, or in the following year. The second martyr, John Abbes, a poor lad, who fancying himself an equal match for the Bishop of Norwich and his chaplains, voluntarily entered into a dispute with them, and thus subjected himself to the penalty of death. The next three were from Maidstone, in Kent; a master, and two disciples. Then follow six more from Canterbury, and other towns in Kent, poor workmen and artizans. After these come six more, five men and one woman; the leaders among these, were George Tankerfield, a cook, and Robert Smith, a painter, whose insolence and presumption, when examined by the Bishop of London, could only be equalled by their general ignorance and infatuated folly. After these, we have Robert Samuel, minister martyr. This man was a married priest, and famous for his dreams; he appears also to have been an enthusiastic visionary. Fox relates many miracles, which, were you to believe him, happened at the execution of this martyr. Now comes a poor blind woman, who suffered at Derby. And then come six martyrs, three men and three women, who suffered at Colchester, in Essex; the cases of these, differed in nothing from those already noticed, if we except one of the women, Elizabeth Fulkes, who was, after her first examination, discharged, and delivered over to the care of her uncle; but although but 20 years of age, she returned to the charge, attacked and set at defiance the commissioners, who were then sitting, and thus she voluntarily brought on her own condemnation. The next four were of the same party, two men and two women; the wife and daughter-in-law of one of the men. These had been dismissed after they had undergone an examination in London, and had retired into the country, and there, their imprudence involved them a second time in difficulties, and at last, brought them all to the stake. Three more martyrs appear in the list for this month; the first of whom resembles some of the martyrs already noticed at the commencement of the year. This man, George Eagles, a tay

by his countryman, that nothing was extracted from him. This person, whose name was Alexander, afterwards introduced him to Lewis Claris, a great patron of the distressed and poor, and the schoolmaster joining in the recommendation of the young man, Lewis agreed to pay a hundred florins for his board and education. Forbes was now comparatively at his ease: he recovered from his emaciated appearance, and rapidly advancing in his studies, he was soon enabled to obtain the ardent wish of his heart, and join the capuchins. He took the name of Archangel, and the habit, on the 2nd of August, 1593, in the twenty-third year of his age; and on that day twelve month he made his religious profession; and it is somewhat singular that on the same day of the month thirteen years after, he rendered up his pure soul into the hands of his Creator. The Franciscan author of his life dwells with minuteness upon the humility, fervour, and piety which he manifested in every action during his noviceship, and in every office which he afterwards filled. Many attempts were made by his countrymen to carry him away by force or stratagem to his native land; and his superiors were consequently obliged to remove him frequently to different houses; thus, the secret of his noble birth, which he had sedulously endeavoured to conceal, became known. During the thirteen years of his life, after he had taken the religious vows, he filled nearly every office of his congregation with credit to himself and benefit to his order.

At length, with a frame reduced by continual mortifications and constant labour, he was seized with a contagious fever upon his return from Dixemude, whither he had been sent to preach to some Scotch soldiers who were stationed in that town; and of whom he had converted upwards of three hundred, and expired at Teneramund in the arms of the religious, as they were conveying him across the garden of his convent into a detached building, to prevent the infectious disease with which he was attacked from spreading. His death occurred on the 2nd of August, 1606, in the thirty-sixth year of his age.

COLLECTANEA.

After christianity was established in the empire by Constantine the Great, upon his receiving so unexpected and so great a victory over his enemies, by virtue of the Holy Cross that appeared to him in the air, the same emperor not only raised abundance of churches and oratories, (as multitudes did by his good example) but gave direction that the figure of a Cross should be put upon each of them; so that in a short time the virtues of the Cross were every where published, and treatises were writ about it, some of which are in the Baroccian Collection of Greek MSS. and were never yet published, though they are very worthy of it. But here, among us in Britain, Crosses became most frequent, when, after William the Conqueror's time, great crusades were made into the Holy Land in behalf of the christians against the infidels. Then Crossing, or Creasings, were used on all occasions: it was not looked upon as enough to have the figure of the Cross both on and in churches, chapels, and oratories, but it was also put in church yards and in every house; nay, many towns and villages were built in the shape of it, and it was very common to fix it in the very streets and highways. In and about Oxford was a great variety that in Magdalen parish was noted and reverenced by all strangers that came by. Nor did any persons whatever go over East Bridge, (now called Magdalen Bridge) but what paid their respects to the famous Cross in the way as we go to Heddington. A piece of which Cross, (as I take it to be) I saw lying in the highway, though the rest had been destroyed or conveyed off. Indeed, destroying antiquity and committing sacrilege, is too commonly now-a-days called uniformity." See Hearn's Glossary on Robert of Gloucester. Vol. ii. p. 637.

"Monuments were erected and adorned in all ages; and from the Jews adorning the monuments of their heroes with military instruments, the Christians put up pennons and other ensign of hononr in churches; though the most common and indeed the most honourable banner on our monuments before the dissolution of religious houses, was a Cross, which, however, has since that time, been generally discontinued as popish and superstitious: aud yet why more popish and superstitious

christian, but a paragon of wickedness in one who professes to be a teacher of the religion of charity. It is then highly incumbent upon those who have ventured upon the defamatory assertion, that the religion of by far the most considerable part of the christian world is replete with corruption-to examine impartially, the grounds of their allegations, and not thus rashly

expose themselves and their hearers to the awful consequences which must arise from villifying a system which can be proved incontrovertibly to have been devised by the infinite wisdom and consolidated by the infinite power of God. Before they form their opinions on this subject, much more before they give utterance to these opinions, ought they to anticipate the great day of general manifestation, and the overwhelming confusion of those who shall then be found to have fought against God, and to have despised him by despising and calumniating his Church."

"On the occasion which produced this flow of gratuitous invective, it was asserted that the Catholic religion was a bad system, and must be put down. But in sober truth, is it not a strange aberration from intellect or from sincerity for a man to urge the absolute necessity of doing that which it is absolutely impossible to effect. The words of Him who deceives not, declare that He will be with his Church to the end of the world, and that the gates of hell shall never prevail against it. To assert then, that a church must be exterminated which is supported by Him who upholds the universe, is to oppose the contemptible weakness and folly of man to the omnipotence and omniscience of God-it is to falsify the scriptures, which declare that there is no wisdom, no power, no counsel against the splendid designs of the omnipotent-who, although man may purpose, absolutely disposes all things. Let history be examined, and if it can be discovered that the agency of earth and hell combined, have ever prevailed the least against the stability of the Catholic Church, these proud declaimers may then hope to see their presumptuous declarations realized. We know that at the commencement of christianity, the Roman empire, which had caused the most distant nations to crouch under its towering eagle, and before whose colossal power the whole earth was silent-directed every engine of its gigantic strength against a

face or quite demolish all funeral monuments; swearing and protesting that all these are remains of antichrist, papistical, and damnable." Weever's Funeral Monuments.

"In the queen's, (or Elizabeth's) Chapel," says Heylin, "the altar was furnished with rich plate, two fair candlesticks with tapers in them, and a massy Crucifix of silver in the midst thereof; which last remained there some years, till it was broke in pieces by Patch the fool, at the solicitation of Sir Francis Knolles, one who openly appeared in favour of the schism at Frankfort."

Two speculators, natives of the Vandois valleys in Piedmont, took lodgings some years since, in one of the alleys leading into Cornhill, London. They had in their possession a Crucifix, made by Michael Angelo Buonerotti, from a single piece of ivory. It was of considerable magnitude, the arms consequently were not far extended, and the feet did not cross each other; it was, however, in every respect, an exquisite specimen of good workmanship. The price demanded for this crucifix was three thousand pounds. It appeared from a paper which the same persons exhibited, that this chef d'avre had been taken by the French from the private oratory of Pope Pius the sixth, at the time when they invaded Rome, and forced the holy father to quit his capitol; that they had carried it into Spain, where it had fallen into the hands of the two Piedmontese, who were protestants. The same paper also gave a description of two other crucifixes, remarkable for the beauty of their execution: one was stated to be the property of the king of Naples, and the other of the queen of Etruria. Neither of these were considered equal to that which was offered for sale; for in one the body of our Saviour was represented thin and emaciated, and the other was not made from a single piece of ivory, as the arms were added. The writer of this article wishing to examine a second time so remarkable a crucifix, was told that the possessors hadbeen obliged to quit the country in consequence of pecuniary difficulties, and that probably they had sailed for America. He shortly after passed an afternoon at Stony-Herst College, Lancashire, and was agreeably surprised at meeting in the library with a Crucifix, although of small dimensions, which he had no hesitation in attributing to the same inimitable sculptor who