ART. 22. The Seaman's Medical Advocate; or an Attempt to hers that 500 Seamen are annually, during War, loft to the British Nation, in the Weft-India Merchants' Service, and on board Ships of War on the Weft-India Station, through the Yellow Fever, and other Difeafes and Means, from Caufes, which, it is conceived, are chiefly to be obvi ated, and unconned with the Misfortunes of War, or Dangers of the Sea; illuftrated with Cafes and Facts, most respectfully fubmitted to the Confideration of the British Senate; the Right Honourable the Lords Commfioners of the Admiralty; the Admirals of Fleets, and the Commanders of Ships of War on the Weft-India Station; the Weft India Merchants, and the Commanders of Weft-India Merchantmen. By Elliot Arthy, Surgeon in the African and Weft-India Merchants' Ser vice. 8vo. 248 pp. 5s. Richardfon. 1798.

The principal caufes of the lofs of fo large a number of feamen in the Weft-India fervice, the author ftates to be, the intemperance of men when on fhore; their quitting their fhips, and concealing themfelves in the interior parts of the iflands, to avoid being impreffed into the royal navy, or with the view of getting ftations aboard other veffels that are coming home, and are in want of hands, where they frequently are allowed, the author fays, fifty or fixty guineas for navigating a veffel home; the want of convenient lodging for the men in thips full laden, and returning home; the want of furgeons aboard thefe fhips; and the improper mode of treating the yellow fever. The yellow fever is frequently introduced into the royal navy, and great mortality occafioned among their crews, by impreffing men who have been wandering about on fhore; and, by intemperance, and exposure to night air, contracted the difeafe before they are taken. To obviate this evil, the author recommends that the impreffed men, as well as thofe employed on the imprefs fervice, fhould be lodged in houfes in the most dry, airy, and healthy parts of the islands; and there detained, under the care and infpection of an experienced fur geon, until it may be afcertained they have not taken the infection. In the cure of the yellow fever, the author objects to ufing antimonial emetics, which increase the irritability of the ftomach, and render it incapable of retaining the bark, or neceffary nourishment. He begins the cure by exhibiting a mild cathartic, which he repeats if neceffary, and then gives the bark, occafionally joined with opiates, in as large dofes as the ftomach will bear; and this, he feems to think, in general, adequate to the cure of the difeafe; apparently confounding the yellow fever with the bilious remitting fever, which frequently yields to this mode of treatment. The author fuggefts many regulations, by which he thinks the greater part of the evils he depicts may be prevented. To prevent the men quitting their ships, to get larger wages, parliament has interfered, by an act, reftricting them on that point; this the author had not feen until his work was finished. He thinks the operation of it will be very falutary. The remainder of his project confifts of a scheme for manning Weft-India fhips, and for abolishing preffing. To effect these purposes, he propoles that every fhip fhould have two apprentices; and two old failors, who have ferved thirty or more years in the royal navy, and are ex

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empted by that purpose from being preffed, with two landmen to every hundred tons; also one or more feamen who have loft a limb, who might do the duty of cooks, and, when in harbour, of fhip keepers. By this means, every ship would have a number of fupernumeraries, from one to ten of whom, according to the fize of the ship, taken by ballot, might be turned over to any of his Majefty's fhips of war, that were in want of hands. Of the value or practicability of this plan, we can give no opinion. The intention of the author is manifeftly good; and, although the whole fhould not be adopted, fome advan tage may accrue from this publication.

ART. 23. Remarks on Hydrophobia, or the Difeafe produced by the Bite of a Mad Dog, or other rabid Animals. By Robert Hamilton, M. D. Member of the Royal College of Phyficians, London, and late Phyfician to the Army. In Two Vols. 8vo. 842 pp. 145. Longman.

1798.

The first edition of this work having been published ten or eleven years ago, and the additions here made confifting principally of fuch cafes and obfervations as have fince occurred, or of which the author was not previously acquainted, it will be unneceffary to give a particu Jar account or analyfis at this time; but as the author has collected a great variety of facts relative to the disease, and drawn from them fome important conclufions, which tend to improve the hiftory of the difeafe, a brief abstract of these may not be unacceptable to our readers.

The infection appears in the dog, this author fays, ordinarily, at the end of twenty-one days, fometimes earlier, and in fome inftances it has been fuppofed to lie dormant feven or eight months. In man it rarely appears earlier than at the end of fix weeks, fometimes not until the end of as many or more months. From a table of 121 cafes of perfons bitten by mad dogs, it appears, that in three the disease did not commence until eight months after the accident, in two it began at the end of the ninth month, in one at the end of the eleventh month, and in two at the end of the eighteenth month. The author has heard of no cafe where the attack of the difeafe was later than at the end of the eighteenth month, The progrefs of the difeafe, after its commencement, is equally rapid in man and in dogs, both dying usually on the fourth day. The dog does not refufe food, or appear to be averfe to liquids, through the whole of the difeafe. The dog is much more fufceptible of the difeafe, when bitten by a rabid animal, than man is. Four men and twelve dogs were bitten by the fame dog; the men escaped the infection, but the dogs all died mad. From a calculation formed from a large collection of cafes of men bitten by rabid animals, it appears that not more than one in fixteen of the number were afterwards affected with the difeafe. The disease has been found to affect indifferently, and with equal violence, perfons of all ages, and of either sex.

The author feems to think, that the stomach first, and afterwards the inteftines, cefophagus, and fauces, are the parts principally affected by the virus, thofe parts being ufually found, on diffection, exhibiting

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marks of inflammation. He defpairs of any remedy after hydropho bia has commenced, and feems to think the amputation or deftruction of the part bitten, the only prefervative from the disease that can be depended on. From the fhort account we have given, our readers will perceive this is a work of confiderable merit; as fuch, we recommend it to the notice of the public.

DIVINITY.

ART. 24. A Sermon, delivered in the Church of St. Magnus, London Bridge, Nov. 25, and in the Church of All-hallows the Great and Lefs, Thames-Street, Dec. 16, 1798; before the Affociated Volunteer Companies, in the Wards of Bridge, Candlewick, and Dowgate. By William Vincent, D. D. Sub-Almoner to his Majefty, and Rector of All-ballows the Great and Lefs. 8vo. 36 pp. IS. Cadell and Davies. 1799.

In this very able and important difcourfe, occafion is taken from the text, "Curfed be he that removeth his neighbour's land-mark," Deut. xxvii. 17, to give the hiftory of property as derived from Scripture, and from rational conjecture. In dividing his fubject, Dr. Vincent confiders Propery, 1ft, as the establishment of God; 2dly. as the end and object of fociety; 3dly, as the true and only folid fupport of the community in which we live. Under each of these divifions the obfervations of the learned author are original, folid, and highly ufeful. After having fully and clearly treated thefe fubjects, Dr. Vincent comes to the application of it to his audience, which is thus admirably addreffed to them.

"That the good among you think with me on this fubject, wants no other proof than the arms which you have affumed, and the principle which induced you to affume them. Your appearance in this place, and in this form, is a public profeffion that you dedicate your fervice to God, to the maintainance of the Religion and the Government of your Country; that you declare yourselves the defenders of your neighbours, your families, your lives, your property; that you are armed against infurrection and invafion. Now infurrection there cannot be, unless by the delufion practifed on the people; for the interefts of all are fo interwoven with yours, that you are the people in reality yourfelves. You are not the guards of an oriental defpot; you cannot be employed to trample upon law and right; but you are the fupporters of both. You are the oppreffors of no man, but the avengers of wrong, and the protectors of the Conftitution. This system, aring out of the neceffity of the times, feems to have roufed the indolent, and to have opened the eyes of the deluded; all begin to fee that we cannot have Peace confiftent with our existence as a nation; and that a Peace dictated, by the enemy is fubjection. All begin to feel that notwithstanding Liberty is the firft of bleffings, the cry of Liberty is the watchword of fedition; and that Equality is not the change of Property, but its annihilation, I hope it is no longer poffible to deceive our people with a name, but that they will be taught by experience

experience and example. Look to the conquered; are they free? are they equal? No; they cannot govern themselves, or make laws for themselves, but must receive them; and to receive the law from another is flavery direct. Have they a conftitution? None, but what the conqueror has impofed; and that he changes daily, as his caprice or his intereft directs." P. 29.

Few minds examine any fubject with more original views than that of the most refpectable writer whom we have here cited; and few. who think well, exprefs their ideas with more clearness or felicity.

ART. 25. A Sermon preached before the Honourable Society of Line coln's-Inn, on Thursday, November 29, 1798, being the Day appointed for a general Thanksgiving. By William Jackfan, B. D. Student of Chrift Church, Oxford, and Preacher to the Society. 4to. 18 pp. 15. Elmfly, &c. 1798.

To imprefs upon his hearers a right sense of the thankfulness they were called upon to difplay towards the Almighty for his fignal mer cies, this preacher recapitulates, in a brief, but clear manner, the evils from which the nation was, for the time, delivered by the victory then commemorated. He then proceeds to direct their minds to proper expreffions of their gratitude; and to warn them againft difmiffing that humility of mind which afcribes the glory where it is due; to the Almighty preferver, not to the mortal inftruments, however well-deferving. There is a dignity and folemnity in the language of this dif courfe, which muft well have fuited the place where it was delivered, and the audience to which it was addreffed; and we are glad to point it out to notice, as a difcourfe well-worthy to be preferved among thofe to which the late national events have given occafion.

ART. 26. A Letter to the Church of England, pointing out fome popular Errors of bad Confequence. By an old Friend and Servant of the Church. 8vo. 35 pp. Hatchard. 1798.

This good churchman complains that time hath lately brought up many new and ftrange things; and that, what is worst of all, there has been a revolution in men's minds, as well as in their fortunes. He takes a view of the errors and mistakes, which he notices to prevail in the prefent age, under the following heads:-GovernmentSchifm-Revelation-Spirit-Old Teflament-Idolatry-Human Autho rity. Under the first of thefe heads, he proteits against the abomi nable doctrine, that the power of government is derived from the people who are governed; declaring, as he does, with the Scriptures, that there is no power but of God. Under the fecond head he reprobates Revolution principles, as now profeffed, which are not, as he fays, (and as we stated last month, in our review of Bishop Watfon's Charge,) the principles of the tranfaction which placed King Wil liam on the throne. Under the third head, he fays, that it is the fame principle which disturbs the peace of civil government, and breaks the peace of the church; when, fays he, it operates against the ftate, it is called the power of the people; but in religion it is called private judgment, and fometimes confcience; it always acts against the judgment

judgment with authority. Under the fourth head, he complains, that fo much credit has been allowed to the force of reafon, as to fet up the religion of nature against that of revelation; that the religion of nature and the power of the people are doctrines, which fome of the beft men of thefe times have left to take full poffeffion of the schools; and he does not fee how they are now to be difpoffeffed; in utter defpair he calls for aid upon fome great men-Andrews, Kean, Beveridge and Leflie, whofe days are past!

Under the fifth head, he regrets, that men now-a-days think too little of fpiritual things; and, to talk of them, is to caft pearls before fwine. Under the fixth head, he complains, that the Old Teftament is too little confidered; and therefore men do not fufficiently appre hend the faith and expectation raifed in Adam, which conftituted the religion of the Old Teftament, till the accomplishment of thofe expectations recorded in the New one. Under the feventh head, he complains that, from the revival of letters to the present time, there has been an idolatry towards heathen authors in latin or greek; that in thofe are learnt the mischievous doctrines of the majefty and fovereignty of the people, and that haughty fpirit of independence which now threatens to ruin the world.

Under the last head of Human Authority, he obferves, that the prefent age abounds with affected declamations against human authority; whereas there never was a time, when men fo meanly fubmitted their understanding to be led away by one another. He inftances in the deference paid to Mr. Locke, whofe authority was cited by those who caufed the American revolution, which revolution caused the French one, which threatens to overthrow all religion and government.

The writer concludes with a protest against all the mistaken notions he had enumerated and difcuffed; and he fubjoins fome reflexions on the part he has taken, of cenfor, in fuch times as the prefent, which are natural and impreffive. We read the whole of this letter with pleafure, and with fincere gratitude to the writer; and we earnestly hope, that he will occafionally admonish the prefent generation in the way he has now done, there being other topics yet behind which will deferve his animadverfion.

ART. 27. The Layman's Addrefs to the Clergy of England; humbly fubmitted to the Perufal of every Gentleman in the Kingdom. By a Friend to the Church Establishment. 8vo. 36 pp. Crutwell.

Bath; Dilly, London. 1798.

This is a ferious expoftulation in behalf of curates, who are illprovided for by non-refident incumbents; the writer ftrongly urges, that the curate's bill fhould be inforced, and this clafs of perfons, fo important to the interests of religion, be maintained in a degree that bears fome proportion to the income of the living. He gives an inftance of eleven livings, the income of which, and the falaries of the curates, he enumerates; and from thefe it appears, that upon livings of an annual income of 41 30l. the duty is performed for 4071. 175. 6d. per annum.

The author makes fome ftrictures upon non-refidence in general, whether of the higher or lower clergy; he cenfures the tranflation

of