"No portion of the Mosaic law is to be abrogated; its very ordinances and ritual practices are to be in force."

To sum up the British Reform Jews may in a certain sense be justified in asserting that "their Synagogue manifestly embodies It will be admitted that this unrelenting the exalted idea of the regeneration of Jewtenacity with regard to external observances ish worship" (ii. 17); for they have reis sufficient to characterize the spirit and moved "many superstitions and abuses tendency of the British Reform Jews. It which they felt as most intolerable evils" accounts for the fact that in reading their (ii. 19). But they have still to take that dogmatical writings, even those composed most important and decisive step which with skill and ability, we feel ourselves ban- would bring them into harmony with modished within the limits of old and narrowern thought, or enable them to take an acconceptions. In spite of their rejection of tive part in the progress of historical critiTalmudical authority, they have not imbued cism. themselves with that free spirit of historical On the special and literary merits of Proresearch which enables the mind to distin- fessor Marks's volumes we can be brief. We guish the ideas from the form in which they would, above all, point out the beautiful are embodied. They have, in fact, rather spirit of toleration which pervades his pages. shaken off some of the views and practices He enjoins this duty so repeatedly and so forof bygone ages, than adopted the mode of cibly that it in some measure relieves the thought that distinguishes the modern time. harshness which his rigorous adherence to the After these remarks we shall not expect ceremonial law certainly involves. Hence he to find in their religious works an imposing does not scruple to quote in his sermons array of profound arguments. Yet we Christian authorities; and we meet with the might look for some concessions to reason names of Archbishop Newcombe, Lowth, in the writings of men who desire to deserve the name of modern reformers. Occasionally, indeed, we meet with attempts at logical inferences and conclusions. But these attempts exhibit such a childlike naïveté, that they tend, even more than simple declarations, to prove the unlimited sway of confiding faith. In order to show that the Talmudical precepts form no essential part of the Jewish religion, our author gravely argues :

"David evidently knew of no other code save that which had been revealed through Moses, and yet he pronounced the law to be perfect. To change anything that is perfect is necessarily to make it imperfect; to amend perfection is to attempt what is manifestly impossible” (ii. 92).

And in order to point out the immutability of the Sinaitic covenant, he remarks:"Once concede the proposition that God himself is the author of the Pentateuch, and that, proceeding from him, it must be essentially of a character to render mankind blessed here and hereafter, and it will be difficult to resist the conclusion that a law which the Almighty himself has declared sufficient to secure the temporal and eternal well-being of those to whom it is addressed, cannot fail to preserve its efficacy and its binding force unimpaired to the end of time" (ii. 92).

Channing, Clarke, Ewald, Hengstenberg, and
others. We shall, however, not be surprised
to find that he sometimes disclaims their views
and interpretations; that he believes Chris-
tianity to have promoted civilization "only
as far as she has availed herself of the ethi-
cal teachings of Moses and of the prophets
(ii. 18); that even if Christianity had never
existed, the principles of the Old Testament
would have become known to the whole
world"
(pp. 83-86); "that the Christian
dogmas have been the cause of endless per-
secution and bloodshed" (p. 80); and that
he assigns to "the domain of poetry and idi-
ology," precepts like "whosoever shall smite
thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other
also" (p. 80). "Nor shall we stop to ex-
amine how far controversial sermons such as
those on the Messiah, containing elaborate
discussions on the distinctive dogmas of
Christianity, are appropriate and profitable
in the Synagogue" (ii. 63-89), though we
readily admit that they nowhere exceed the
boundaries of considerate moderation. An
analysis of the value of his own scriptural
interpretations, would scarcely fall within
the province of this journal; and we forego
therefore to enter into his remarks on some
passages of Isaiah and Ezekiel (ii. 64, 106).
But his sermons are throughout character-
lized by earnestness and zeal, by benevolence

and humility, by love and truthfulness; and | as the one on which the road from Dürk-
his language, though it may sometimes ap- heim to Neustadt runs, extends from Neu-
pear to want elasticity and grace, is always stadt to the southern limit of the Haardt
clear and manly, direct and precise, and it range at Landau. The geological character
occasionally rises to fervent and even impas- of this slope is different from that of the great
sioned eloquence. He is, therefore, pecul- plain which extends to the Rhine, the latter
iarly happy in those addresses which are being either tertiary or alluvium, while the
devoted to the injunction of moral precepts; slope is formed of the detritus that has
for there uprightness of character and force been washed down from the hills. The
of diction combine to produce a deep and whole face of this slope is covered with vines.
beneficent impression. On the whole, his The vine cultivation is on so enormous a
volumes are an honorable testimony to his scale that nothing in Germany, not even in
ability and personal worth, and a strong the Rheingau, from whence the most cele-
proof of the great advantages which his con- brated of the German wines come, can be
gregation is certain to derive from his zeal compared to it in extent. For some five-
and energy.
and-twenty miles the high-road passes
through the midst of a succession of vine-
yards, without a trace of any other cultiva-
tion meeting the eye of the traveller. Though
the wines of this district do not command
such high prices as the wines from the

From The London Review.
DURKHEIM-THE GRAPE CURE.

DURKHEIM is the head-quarters of the grape cure in Germany. Meran, in the Ty-Rheingau, and are not much known out of rol, and Vevay and Montreux, on the Lake of Geneva, have a high reputation, and are much resorted to for the same purpose, but in Germany Dürkheim is the place which enjoys most fame. It is on the left bank of the Rhine, in the Bavarian Palatinate, and is distant about fourteen miles due east from Mannheim. The nearest railway station is Neustadt, a small town on the line from Mayence to the French frontier at Forbach. The drive from Neustadt to Dürkheim, a distance of about nine miles, is very beautiful, and is to be preferred to that from Mannheim. The road is a very good one, and runs along parallel to and at the base of the Haardt range of mountains, on a slope which has been formed by the action of water on the light, sandy, and friable soil of those hills. From a few miles to the north of Dürkheim to about twenty miles to the south, the Haardt range of mountains on its east side runs almost due north and south, leaving an immense flat plain of about twelve to fourteen miles in breadth, intervening between it and the Rhine. This plain is very highly cultivated, and abounds in every sort of crop. The Haardt range is considered to terminate in the neighborhood of Landau, the mountain on the south side of the stream which flows through that town being properly the Vosges, though the one range is merely a continuation of the other. A slope of the mame character, and due to the same causes

Germany, the cultivation is conducted with as much care as in the Rheingau itself, and the wines produced are more generally consumed by the Germans themselves than any other of their wines. The Deidesheimer and the Förster are the best of these wines, and immense quantities of them are sent to all parts of Germany. The former is usually recommended by the German doctors to their patients as being the least acid of their wines. The vineyard from which these two wines come is in the immediate neighborhood of Dürkheim. A very good class of wine is made at Dürkheim, but the grapes grown there are for the most part tablegrapes, as the Germans say, to be used in the grape cure and for the purposes of export. Immense quantities of them are sent daily to all parts of Germany, and no grapes enjoy so high a reputation in that country. Grapes differ materially from each other in quality: the grape which is best adapted for the purpose of making wine is not generally so wholesome and so agreeable to the taste as another which will produce an inferior wine. About twelve to fifteen different sorts of grapes are grown at Dürkheim. Many of these, if not most of them, may be often found in the same vineyard. A little practice will enable any one in a very short time to distinguish, by the eye, one sort from another; for differences exist between them not only in color, but also in form and size,

as well as in the thickness of the skins. The an average, about the middle or the first week leaves, also, of the different sorts differ in in September, and lasts to nearly the end of form and size. To the taste the differences October. Everything depends on the state of flavor are at once perceptible. Persons of the ripeness of the grapes. The amount who have not been through a vineyard, and of grapes daily taken by persons undergoing have not had the opportunity of testing one the cure varies from about four and a half different sort of grape after another, can to seven or eight pounds; in some cases hardly believe that there is so great a differ- even as much as nine pounds are eaten. They ence in flavor between the different sorts as are taken three times a day, at the same does, in fact, exist. The grapes used in the hours at which mineral waters are usually cure are generally of four or five sorts; the drunk in Germany-before breakfast, at two most commonly employed are called the eleven o'clock in the morning, or two hours Gutedel, and the Austrian. They are both before dinner, and at from five to six in the white, with thin skins, and are both of them evening. Persons generally commence the sweet and well-flavored. The black Bur-cure with from two to three pounds a day, gundy grape, and the small dark red Tram- and advance daily in quantity till the larger iner, which has been introduced from the limit is reached. The skins and the seeds Tyrol, are also much used in the cure, though should not be swallowed. The largest pornot nearly to the same extent as the two al- tion is usually consumed at eleven o'clock. ready mentioned. The Burgundy grape is Some doctors do not allow their patients to a very fine grape, and is, both in flavor and take any other breakfast than the grapes, look, very like what is called'in England the accompanied by a roll of bread. The usual black Hamburg. The Traminer is a very plan, however, is to permit them to take a pleasant sweet grape, with a scented or aro- breakfast of tea or coffee with bread, but no matic flavor, and a very thick skin. In cer- butter, after the grapes. A strict diet is unitain cases, it is found to disagree with pa-versally prescribed; all fat, sour, or spiced tients as being too heating. The Riessling, meats, and pastry are forbidden; the grape from which all the most celebrated wines of the Rheingau are made, is not used in the cure, and is not considered by the Germans as a good table grape. Chemical analysis shows that it contains more saccharine matter than either the Gutedel or the Austrian grape; but at the same time its acid properties are stronger. The Burgundy grape is still sweeter than the Riessling, but its acid qualities, though less than those in the Riessling, are greater than those in the Gutedel or the Austrian, and therefore it is not so much used in the cure as they are. The acids which are found in the juice of all grapes, in greater or less proportions, are tartaric, citric, and malic acids. Much albumen, gelatine, and gum, as well as a considerable quantity of alkaline matter, are always found. Careful analysis has also discovered in all grape-juice traces of tannin, and even oxide of iron. An excess of acids in the grape is found, not only to interfere with the digestion, but to affect the mouth and the teeth in such a way as to prevent a person from being able to continue the cure for the requisite period.

The grape cure lasts from three to six weeks. The regular season commences, on

a small quantity of white light wines is permitted, but red wines, beer, and milk, must be avoided. The evening meal should be a very light one. The system pursued at Dürkheim is the same as the one followed at the other places where the grape cure goes on; and the grapes which are used in the cure both at Vevay and Montreux are, as at Dürkheim, for the most part the Gutedel and the Austrian varieties.

There is small Kurgarten at Dürkheim, formerly the garden of the castle, where a band plays at the regular hours appointed for the eating of the grapes. On one side, under the trees, there are tables covered with large baskets full of the varieties used in the cure. As at Ems and other places where mineral waters are drunk, it is the fashion for every one to buy a glass for himself, so here every one must be provided with a basket to carry the grapes which he purchases from the attendants at the tables. The price of the best grapes is at present only two and a half pence a pound. To a stranger the sight is an amusing one, and very different from anything to be met with elsewhere. Numbers of people are seen walking up and down in the little garden,

all.

On the tables where the grapes are sold, there is generally a small grape-press, a miniature of the one used in the making of wine, for the purpose of squeezing out the juice or liquor, which is sometimes preferred to the grapes themselves. Persons whose mouths or teeth have been affected by the acidity of the grapes are frequently obliged to give up eating them and drink the juice or must instead. The "munching" one's own grapes is by no means essential to the cure, but the liquor pressed out is so strange, so unlike the grapes themselves, and so unpleasant, that few persons will prefer it, except they are obliged to do so.

each with a small black basket, full of grapes, to be, may be doubted, without at the same
in his hand, which he is eating with great time impugning the system altogether. In
rapidity, as if he were doing it for a wager. this, as is in most other cases, truth lies per-
The place is, as may be imagined, covered haps between the extremes. A free use of
with grape-skins, though some of the burly, grapes is probably good, and may be bene-
round-shouldered Germans bolt skins and ficial in the alleviation of many complaints.
The action of the vegetable juices upon the
animal system is a subject most imperfectly
understood. Some of them, it is known,
have a most powerful action as well in the
prevention as in the cure of disease, but how
that action takes place is still one of nature's
secrets. The man who prohibits wholesale
the vegetable juices, and crams his patients
with mutton chops and bread, is a greater
charlatan than the grape doctor who gorges
and stuffs them with grapes. The course of
regimen pursued by the latter includes all
sorts of light and nutritive diet, whereas the
former forbids even the moderate use of ar-
ticles of food which seem to be especially
suited for the wants of the animal system,
The disease in which the grape cure is con- and which in many cases, his patients have
sidered by the German doctors to be most an eager craving for. Of all the vegetable
beneficial is in affections of the mucous mem- juices, none seems so well adapted for man
brane of the respiratory organs. The secre- as that of the grape. In times of serious
tive powers of this membrane are roused,
and it is enabled to throw off obstructions
which have assumed a chronic form. Cases
of bronchitis and pneumonia are said to have
been often cured even in patients of a scrof-
ulous constitution; and much benefit is said
to have been experienced by persons affected
with tubercular consumption in its earlier
stages. Where spitting of blood has set in,
much caution must be used as to the amount
of grapes taken. Persons affected with any
of these complaints are in the habit of com-
ing to Dürkheim yearly from all parts of
Germany.

Dürkheim possesses an advantage over
other grape-cure places in having close to
it a brine spring, which enables patients
to combine the use of salt baths with the
grape cure.
The union of the two remedies
is said to be especially beneficial in all mal-
adies affecting persons of a scrofulous ten-
dency. Complaints of the heart and liver,
as well as other internal complaints, gout,
and even Bright's disease, are claimed by the
grape-cure doctors as coming within their
scope and range.

sickness, and especially in cases of fever, grapes are frequently the only food which is cared for and eaten with pleasure. Nature tells, with an unerring voice, its real wants, and speaks out with an emphasis that cannot be gainsaid. The food which, on occasions of severe crisis, when nature is put to its strain and reduced to the lowest ebb, the human system calls for, must not only be a healthy one, when taken in moderation, but must also be instrumental in the alleviation of disease. Whether the healthy action of grape-juice be due to its tartaric or citric acid, or to its sugar, or to any other of its constituent parts, or to them all in combination, neither chemists nor physiologists can tell. The property which the saliva has of turning cane-sugar into grape-sugar, seems to speak in favor of the sugar; but other facts, well known to doctors and physiologists, will support the claims of others of the component parts.

Like hydropathy, homeopathy, or the cure by the drinking of mineral waters, the grape cure is perhaps carried to excess by its own practitioners. There is, however, truth Whether the efficiency of the grape cure in it, and it must not be treated with levity in the alleviation of disease be as great and or ridicule. Much good may and little if as beneficial as it is claimed by its advocates any harm can be done by it. The process

is well worthy of being tried by those who have failed to derive benefit from other systems of treatment. As an alterative, the grape cure is probably a sound system, and it deserves more attention at the hands of English doctors than it has hitherto met with. It is as an alterative that it is looked on with favor by many of the most sound and sensible doctors in Germany, and many patients are sent by them from all parts of the country to try it.

stone of the country, which is as sound as on the day on which it was taken from the quarry. Like the castle of Leiningen, and many other places in the range of Haardt, the convent was perched on the flat top of a round conical hill. This common characteristic feature in the scenery of the Haardt is clearly due to the erosive action of the water of the great lake, which must at one time have filled the whole plain, before the Rhine had succeeded in bursting its way to the ocean.

Another very interesting object in the neighborhood of Dürkheim is the Heidenmauer, a circular enclosure on the top of a high mountain, overlooking the whole plain, formed of loose stones, sixty feet in breadth, twelve feet in height, and one and a half mile in circumference. The ancient Germans were probably its constructors, and its uses were, it is thought, of a religious charand Limburg the subject of one of his novacter. Cooper, the novelist, has made it els. Other objects of interest exist in the

Independently of the question of grape cure, Dürkheim is well worthy of a visit. The position of the place is very charming, and several objects of interest exist in the immediate neighborhood. The town is an ancient one, but as it was burnt down during the wars of Louis XIV., it contains no building of any interest. Dürkheim was formerly the capital of the Counts of Leiningen, a family now represented by the Prince of Leiningen, the nephew of our own queen, and continued their capital till the French revolution, when their castle was burnt neighborhood, but it would be tedious to down, and the principality and all their property was confiscated. Leiningen, the Stamm-Schloss of the family, is a few miles distant, perched most picturesquely on the top of a conical hill. The family possess no longer any property in the neighborhood. No princely or noble families exist any lon-Neustadt and Gleisweiler, in the neighborger in the Palatinate. The French revolu- hood of Landau, are rivals. The latter of tion was the sponge which wiped them all these two places is beautifully situated high out. Money is now the only nobility, and up in the face of the mountains, and comperfect equality is dominant. Property is bines a hydropathic establishment with the much divided. The owners of vineyards are commodation at Dürkheim are in the habit grape cure. Persons who cannot find acthe people of the greatest influence. of going to either of these places. The hotel Lowe at Neustadt, near the railway station, is very good, the cooking is excel

enumerate them. The scenery all over the
Haardt range of mountains is so picturesque
and charming that the patient is seldom at
a loss how to while away the time both with
instruction and pleasure to himself. Dürk-
where the grape cure is carried on.
heim is not the only place in the Haardt

Within half a mile from Dürkheim are the magnificent ruins of the Benedictine convent of Limburg, built of the red sand-lent, and the wine faultless.

Both

MORNING.

And clothed with light of aery gold
The mists in their eastern caves uprolled.

Perhaps there is no description of the coming on of light so perfect as that which Shelley has given us in his little poem, The Boat on the Ser-Day had awakened all things that be, chio.-Transcript.

THE stars burnt out in the pale blue air,

And the thin white moon lay withering there:
To tower and cavern and rift and tree
The owl and the bat fled drowsily.
Day had kindled the dewy woods,
And the rocks above, and the stream below,
And the vapors in their multitudes,

And the Apennines' shroud of summer snow,

The lark and the thrush and the swallow free,
And the milkmaid's song and the mower's

scythe,

And the matin bell and the mountain bee.
Fireflies were quenched on the dewy corn,
Glowworms went out on the river's brim,
Like lamps which a student forgets to trim;
The beetle forgot to wind his horn;

The crickets were still in the meadow and hill,