T. Cabman. Heavy load, rather, sir, aint it, would yield one grain of the coloring mat sir? How many might be going, sir? Mrs. N. That is right, Henry, and just like you. Standing to exchange wretched jokes with the lower orders, and every minute valuable, if we are to catch the train. Mr. N. Go ahead, my good fellow. I'll make it right. Cabman. All serene, sir. [Attacks the boxes. Mrs. N. That's just like you, Henry. First you joke with an inferior, and then, of course, you undertake to pay him whatever he may try to extort. Yesterday, poor Peter could not have a new cart, because it was throwing away money, but his father can give anything to an insolent cabman. Mr. N. We shall have a break-down with all that luggage as sure as eggs is eggs. Ah, the first Mrs. Naggleton travelled with one portmanteau. ter. The centre part of the case is filled with dyed specimens of all kinds, in skeins and fabrics, together with the various mordants used, illustrating the varieties of tint produced by modifications in the dyeing process. This collection is very complete, and has attracted great attention from our intelligent foreign visitors, who for the last month have been devoting themselves, officially or privately, to the examination of the substances in this class. Specimens illustrating the manufacture of the beautiful magenta dye, a close relative of aniline purple, and obtained from the same source, are contributed by the firm of Messrs. Simpson, Maule, and Nicholson. The most striking object in this case-indeed, we might almost say one of the lions of this department of the Exhibition-is the magnificent crown, formed of enormous crystals of acetate of rosaniline, the chemical name of the pure magenta dye. The re Mrs. N. The second Mrs. Naggleton hap-markable property which this body possesses pens to be a Lady. [At this point the conversation of course begins to grow too terrible for publication, but they get off at last. COAL-TAR COLORS. of reflecting, when in the solid state, the opposite color to that which it gives when used as a dye, is here shown in a striking manner. The color of the crystals is of a remarkably brilliant and rich metallic green, only equalled by the shade observed in the plumage of some birds, and on the bodies and wings of a few insects. The production of a crown like this forcibly illustrates the ONE of the most prominent features in gigantic scale of operations upon which this the Eastern Annex at the Exhibition is the firm does business; the value of the subgorgeous display made by the artificial col- stance composing the crown, merely regardoring matters derived from coal-tar. Messrs. ing it in the light of a coloring matter, is Perkin and Son, the originators of this new upwards of £700, and we understand that and important branch of industry, exhibit a the solution from which it was crystallized very complete and beautiful collection, illus- contained more than £2,000 worth of matetrating their manufacture of mauve dye or rial. The scientific student will feel an inaniline purple. Commencing with the crude terest in examining the enormous size of coal-tar, we have a complete series of the dif- some of the crystals composing this crown, ferent stages of its manufacture, up to a gi- and of others lying in a dish by its side, gantic block of the pure dye itself, upwards of and then comparing them with the almost a cubic foot in bulk, and said to be the product microscopic size of those exhibited in one of the distillation of two thousand tons of coal. or two other cases. Most unfortunately the In illustration of the tinctorial properties of gorgeous brilliancy of the green metallic rethis dye, they exhibit a large glass jar, filled flection from this salt is gradually failing with a beautiful violet solution, the color of under the influence of light, giving place to which is said to be communicated to it by a somewhat unpleasant brown tarnish. The one grain of the dye. As a pendant to this, original color may still be seen upon close there is shown on the opposite side a simi- examination of those portions of the matelar jar, filled with thick black coal-tar,-an rial which are in the shade, especially if the amount which, by appropriate treatment, visitor directs his attention to two smaller BLACK LEAD. SINCE the failure of the black-lead mines at Borrowdale, Cumberland, the discovery of a new source of this valuable mineral has been a matter of considerable importance. The International Exhibition contains several magnificent specimens; the Siberian crowns which have recently been deposited by this firm on a neighboring counter; but the effect, beautiful as it is even now, bears no comparison to the exquisite lustre which the large crown bore on our first inspection of it, as it was being deposited in its case. In other parts of the collection exhibited by the same firm, are displayed materials illus-black-lead trophy recently erected in the trating the manufacture, in all its stages, nave, introduces an entirely new locality for from the coal tar naphtha, nitro-benzol, ani- the supply of graphite. The mineral in the line, arsenic acid, up to the salts which pos- trophy is carved and polished into a variety sess and confer the color. There is also a of shapes, so that it is somewhat difficult to specimen of a new yellow dye derived from judge of its quality from a mere inspection; aniline, respecting which we regret that fur- but in the Siberian Court several blocks of ther particulars are not given, as we under- the graphite may be seen just as they came stand it possesses many valuable and much- from the mine, and may be thoroughly exdesired qualities. It is also to be regretted amined by those who take an interest in the that these exhibitors have not, like the subject. The mineral seems tolerably good, Messrs. Perkin, shown specimens dyed by and occurs in considerable masses and veins these different colors. In addition to the a foot or eighteen inches in thickness. We cases already mentioned, there are other are not acquainted with an exact analysis of specimens of aniline dyes in different parts it, but we believe it contains a somewhat of the building, including some of the new large quantity of oxide of iron, which would aniline green or dianthine, respecting which materially diminish its commercial value. we may remark, that unless the coloring Whilst this Siberian graphite, owing to its matter possess other valuable properties, prominent position, has been the subject of such as extra permanency, ease of applica- much comment, the equally fine specimens tion, cheapness, etc., we scarcely think that exhibited in the Canadian department have the tint here shown will cause it to prove a been passed over almost unnoticed. The formidable rival to the green coloring mat- quality of this, as far as can be judged from ters already in use. All these aniline dyes a mere inspection, appears to be very good, can claim Mr. Perkin as their parent, and it has a foliated texture, the laminæ being thus this gentleman deserves more promi- flexible. The masses are very large, quite nent notice than would even be accorded to equal to those from Siberia, and altogether him from merely an inspection of his case. we think that these mines will prove a valuThat and the one shown by Messrs. Simp-able addition to the already known sources son may be regarded as almost complete of black lead. Several good specimens of illustrations of a manufacture which has so rapidly become an important branch of our national industry. These cases will be looked upon with much interest by our readers after the very complete history of the manufacture lately given by Dr. Hofmann before the members of the Royal Institution and reported in our pages, and A most interesting and instructive series they will not fail to appreciate the intelli- of specimens illustrating a new mode of gence of the chemist who succeeded in con- treating and purifying graphite, is exhibited verting some of our most nauseous and re-by the discoverer of the process, Dr. Brodie, pulsive by-products of gas manufacture into professor of Chemistry in the University of these lovely colors, and the commercial skill Oxford. By this mode of treatment the which has enabled them to be economically commonest variety of graphite, which can prepared on such a scale as to enable England to cease from being a dye-importing, and become a dye-exporting, country.London Review. graphite are also exhibited from Ceylon, India, and other places, but none equal the Siberian or Canadian mineral in magnitude and beauty. A fine collection of specimens of plumbago, from most of the known localities, is also shown by the Plumbago Crucible Company. be obtained plentifully, but is of very little value, can be converted into cakes equal to the best native varieties of the mineral. The coarse lumps, containing a large pro 191 offer no practical difficulties, whilst the expense of converting an almost waste product into a very valuable substance is but trifling. Part of an Article in The Examiner. DALHOUSIE'S ADMINISTRATION OF BRITISH INDIA. portion of oxide of iron, silica, and other should imagine from the appearance of them gritty materials, are first finely powdered, that they are not such favorable specimens and boiled in hydrochloric acid, to remove as could be produced by forcing the particles lime, part of the iron, and similar impurities. of the powder together in some of the The next operation consists in heating the hydraulic presses specially constructed for dried powder with a mixture of diluted sul- this purpose, the air being at the same time phuric acid and chlorate of potash. This exhausted from its pores. By this mode of mixture has the property of evolving a con- treatment we have no doubt that blocks siderable quantity of oxygen gas when it is superior in quality to the finest native black heated, and the graphite enters into some lead could be obtained. The product may be sort of combination with this gas and the considered as chemically pure carbon, and acid, the nature of which is, however, not leaves no appreciable amount of ash on invery well understood. Professor Brodie cineration. Professor Brodie's process has shows specimens of this sulphuric acid com- now been before the scientific world for some pound; in appearance it is very similar to years, but we are not aware that it has yet the coarsely powdered graphite, the lustre, been taken up commercially by any firm; however, being somewhat different. When this apathy on the part of our manufacturers this is heated in the dry state a remarkable is rather surprising, as the process seems to change takes place; the gas which is intimately combined with the graphite is suddenly evolved, and tears the particles of the mineral asunder, swelling it up to twenty or thirty times its original volume, and reducing it to a most intimate state of division. The operation being almost parallel to that brought out some years ago by Claussen for treating flax, the fibres of which were blown out and disintegrated in a similar manner by the sudden liberation of carbonic acid in the pores, reducing it to a material similar to cotton. The disintegrated graphite is then shaken up with water, and the coarser par- THIS is but the first volume of a large ticles, consisting of gritty matter, etc., work, and therefore we content ourselves with quickly fall to the bottom of the liquid, the a few words of notice, and reserve a full acgraphite remaining suspended. This is then count for its completion. The author has poured off from the heavier particles, and had experience enough of the people and the suspended graphite separated from it by country about which he writes to give his filtration, or other means, and dried. In account of them a vivid reality; but not so this form it presents the appearance of shriv-long a one, as has sometimes been the case, elled up leaves, not unlike some of Dr. Has- as to disanglicize him and give him Brahsell's tea. It has the color of black lead, minical and Islamic proclivities. but is quite devoid of lustre, and is excessively light, so much so that it is almost impossible to remove the cover from the jar without sending a cloud of the powder into the air. The original appearance of the graphite can, however, be restored to this light powder by pressure: a portion squeezed between the thumb and finger immediately flakes into one mass, and the slightest friction communicates to it a brilliant lustre. "It will be useful briefly to recount the The last of the series of bottles exhibited events preceding Lord Dalhousie's accession, by the professor contains several solid lumps and influencing his policy. To do so, it is of graphite produced by squeezing the pow-necessary to look back to the appointment der together under immense pressure. We of Lord Auckland in 1835. In that year our The Marquis of Dalhousie's Administration of British India. Volume the First, containing the Acquisition and Administration of the Punjab. By Edwin Arnold, M.A., University College, Oxford; late Principal Poona College; and Fellow of the University of Bombay. Saunders, Otley, and Co. In his introductory chapter Mr. Arnold gives a brief but graphic and impartial outline of our mad and fatal enterprise, the Afghan War, which certainly led to our wars with the Sikhs, and eventually to the crowning disaster, the rebellion of the Sepoys. We give such part of his account as our limits will admit : frontier on the North did not pass the desert reputation offered up on the altar of minisstrip along the Indus and its affluent, the terial consistency. History, at last informed, Sutlej, from the Indian Ocean to the high-rescues from unfair neglect the memory of a lands of Gurwhal. The commercial character public servant as faithful to his duty as he of the Company had just suffered extinction was singularly fitted for it; and pronounces by the Charter of 1833. Ostensibly there the official records of the time unworthy of remained to it the control of political and firm reliance. The burden of perverting administrative affairs, but in subordinating past documents, and of throwing doubt on her masters, the Home Government had those to come, is heavy, and rests, with that brought India into the circle of European of the subsequent disaster, on statesmen to politics, and an independent policy there was whose easy honesty of intention a generous no longer easy. The change soon made it- nation has pardoned their infatuation. In self apparent. On insufficient grounds the October of 1837, Lord Auckland issued a ministry conceived the idea that Russia proclamation to the troops at Simla, which meditated dangerous advances; and they announced the alliance of the British with determined to anticipate an attack, which to Runjeet Singh and Shah Soojah. By the await would have been to baffle. The sup- terms of this we were to depose the rulers port they relied on was as vain as the evi- of Cabul and Candahar, and set up in their dence which satisfied them was vague. On place a sovereign, for twenty years a stranger the side of prudence were the bourans of the to the studies of government, and not less northern plains, their blinding drifts of dust unwelcome to his subjects than the cares of and snow, bitter frosts, salt lakes, and steep state to his own declining age. The rest of defiles, natural enemies to the invaders of the story is too well known. The Auckland Hindostan on the side of an offensive War cost the British forces five thousand movement not much more than the nervous- lives, sixty thousand camels, £12,000,000 ness of a minister. Lords Durham and Clan- sterling, and that which outweighs even the ricarde, ambassadors at St. Petersburg, pro- first and dearest item, the reputation of intested uselessly against the apprehension; vincibility which in the impressible East had the Muscovite Ambassador in London de- become a bulwark to our fortunate power. clared his master innocent of any hostile To carry on the war, fifty thousand men design; and the Czar went so far as to were added to the army, and a contingent change the staff of his eastern embassage. from Bombay was despatched by a detour The English Government refused to be re- of nine hundred miles, through the Indus assured, and persisted in construing the at- Valley, thus preparing a cause of quarrel tack upon Herat by the Shah of Persia as a with the Scinde Ameers. The army united first step in the interests of Russia. Yet if at the mouth of the Bolan pass under Sir J. the penetration of an envoy could be cheated, Keane, and though not seriously opposed, and the word of a Russian deceive, facts effected the passage in such confusion that might have seemed to reprove precipitation. Shah Soojah's force was reduced by twoThe Shah could not take Herat, and the thirds. The Khan of Khelat declined to English force despatched to Karrack was assist an expedition doomed by its own consufficient to raise the siege, and could even trivers. You may take Candahar and have seized the Persian capital. Sir A. Ghuznee,' he said, and even Cabul, but Burnes, who had been sent to Cabul, found you cannot conquer the snows; and when Dost Mahommed inconveniently reasonable, they fall, you will neither be able to mainand willing to remove every cause of sus- tain your army nor to withdraw it.' Canpicion. He wanted Peshawur, which had dahar and Ghuznee yielded, Cabul surrenbeen an Affghan fief, but he wanted the dered, and the English were masters of friendship of the English only less. His de- Affghanistan, but on so insecure a tenure, sire to recover the territory wrested from the that in fourteen months they were thirtyDoorannee throne by the Sikhs was resented three times engaged with Affghan troops, as an affront to our ally Runjeet Singh, and and thirteen times without profit. Upon the the presence of a Russian major at his court withdrawal of a portion of the expedition, was held to implicate him in the Russian the unpopularity of the imposed sovereign plot. In vain Burnes deprecated the peril- began to be shown, and the Affghans learnous quarrel with a well-disposed man: in ing a lesson from our fears, made overtures vain he suggested compromise upon com- to the Czar. In 1840, a Russian army did, promise, and declared Dost Mahommed's as a counter-demonstration, march upon pretensions reasonable, and his the only nat- Khiva. It was buried in the snow-drifts, or ural authority in Affghanistan. His repre- perished of famine on the foodless steppes sentations were set aside a serious but of Mid-Asia, comparatively few survivors pardonable independence, if they had not returning, to humble Russian hope, and since been tampered with, and their author's calm English apprehensions." The Part POETRY.-Garibaldi Down, 195. The Crisis, 195. Finding a Relic, 195. ing of Ulysses, 195. The Touch of Nature, 221. Autumn Joys, 221. The Flag, 239. The Drummer-Boy of Marblehead, 239. Summer Evenings long ago, 239. Time of Revolution, 1860, 240. An Apple Gathering, 240. A Song in SHORT ARTICLES.-Sensation Paragraphs, 221. Historical Scraps, 230. The Church of St. Nicholas du Chardonnet, 230. PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY BY LITTELL, SON, & CO., BOSTON. 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