NOTE.

στασιν.

(1.) Personally united.] Gr. hypostatically, veas κað' íróPersonal union. Gr. ἔνωσις καθ ̓ ὑπόστασιν. By the phrase personal or hypostatical union is meant the union which took place in the blessed Virgin's womb of the two natures of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Godhead and the Manhood, without the destruction, change, or confusion of the properties of either. It is, therefore, equally opposed to the two opposite errors of Nestorius and Eutyches, the former of whom divided our Lord into two persons, the latter confounded the properties of his two natures. v. Suicer in v. Evwois.

CANONS OF CHALCEDON.

CANON I. We have thought it right that the Canons which have been issued by the holy Fathers in each Synod (1) up to the present time, should continue in force.

II. If any Bishop shall perform an ordination for money, and put to sale the grace which cannot be sold, and ordain for money a Bishop, or Chorepiscopus, or Presbyter, or Deacon, or any other person who is reckoned amongst the Clergy; or shall promote for money a Steward, or Defender, or Bailiff (1), or any one who is on the roll of the Church, for filthy lucre's sake, let him who has attempted this thing forfeit his own degree, and let him who has been ordained, benefit nothing by the ordination or promotion which he has trafficked for, but let him be deprived of the dignity or charge which he obtained for money. And if any person shall appear to have been a mediator in such filthy and unlawful transactions, let him also, if he be a Clergyman, be deposed

from his rank, or if he be a layman or monk let him be anathematized. (Apost. Can. 30.)

III. It has come to the knowledge of the holy Synod (1), that some of those who have been admitted into the Clergy, do for filthy lucre's sake become hirers of other men's possessions, and undertake the work of worldly business, neglecting the services of God, and entering into the houses of secular persons, and undertaking the management of their affairs through covetousness. The great and holy Synod has therefore determined, that no one for the future, whether Bishop, Clerk, or Monk, shall either hire possessions or undertake matters of business, or intrude himself into worldly ministrations, unless he be called by the laws to the guardianship of minors, which he cannot excuse himself from, or the Bishop shall commit to him the charge of ecclesiastical business, or of orphans or widows who are not provided for, and of persons who particularly need the help of the Church, for the fear of God. But if any one for the future shall attempt to transgress what has been determined, let him be subjected to ecclesiastical punishments.

IV. Those who truly and sincerely enter upon the monastic life (1) are to be counted worthy of suitable honor. But since some availing themselves of the pretext of Monasticism, trouble both ecclesiastical and civil affairs, going about in various ways in the cities, and endeavoring also to establish monasteries for themselves, it is decreed, that no one shall anywhere build or establish a monastery or an oratory (2), contrary to the will of the Bishop of the city. And that the Monks in every city or place shall be subject to the Bishop and shall embrace quiet, and attend only to fasting and prayer, continuing in the places in which they have been settled,

and shall neither busy themselves in ecclesiastical or secular matters, nor take part in them, leaving their own monasteries, unless indeed they are permitted to do so for any necessary purpose by the Bishop of the city. And that no servant shall be received into the monasteries contrary to the will of his own master, for the pose of becoming a Monk. But if any person transgress this our decision, we have decreed that he shall be excommunicated, that the name of God may not be blasphemed. But the Bishop of the city must have the needful care of the monasteries.

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V. Concerning the Bishops or Clergy who pass from city to city, it is decreed that the Canons which have been established by the holy Fathers respecting them shall continue in force. (Apost. Can. 14 Nic. 15.)

VI. No man is to be ordained without a charge (άлolεlvμévшs), neither Presbyter, nor Deacon, nor indeed any one who is in the ecclesiastical order; but whoever is ordained must be appointed particularly to some charge in a church of a city, or in the country, or in a martyry (1) or monastery. But as regards those who are ordained without any charge, the holy Synod has determined, that such an ordination is to be held void, and cannot have any effect anywhere, to the reproach of the ordainer.

VII. We have determined that those persons who have been once enrolled amongst the Clergy, or who have become Monks, must not enter upon a military charge, or any worldly office, and that those who dare to do So, and do not repent so as to return to that state which they first chose for the sake of God, shall be anathematized. (Apost. Can. 7. 81. 83.)

VIII. Let the clergy of the poor-houses, monasteries, and martyries, continue under the authority of the

Bishops in each city, according to the tradition of the holy Fathers; and let them not arrogantly withdraw themselves from the rule of their own Bishop. But those who dare to overturn this constitution, if they be of the Clergy, let them undergo the canonical punishments, or if they be monks or laymen, let them be excommunicated.

IX. If any Clergyman has a suit against another Clergyman, let him not leave his own Bishop, nor have recourse to the secular courts of justice, but let him first try the question before his own Bishop, or, with the consent of the Bishop himself, before those persons whom both parties shall choose to have the hearing of the cause. And if any person shall act contrary to these decrees, let him undergo the canonical punishments. But if a clergyman has any matter either against his own or any other Bishop, let him be judged by the Synod of the Province. But if any Bishop or Clergyman has a controversy against the Bishop of the Province himself [i. e. the Metropolitan,] let him have recourse to the Exarch of the Diocese (1), or to the throne of the imperial city of Constantinople, and plead his cause before him.

X. No clergyman may be on the list of the Church of two cities at the same time, of that in which he was first ordained, and another to which he has removed as being greater, from a desire of empty honor, but those persons who act thus must be restored to the Church in which they were first ordained, and there only perform divine service. But if any one has been translated from one Church to another, he must not take any part in the affairs of his first Church, or of the martyries, or poorhouses, or receptacles for strangers belonging to it. And the holy Synod has determined, that every one, who

after the decision of this great and Ecumenical Synod, shall do any of these things which have been forbidden, shall be deposed from his station. (Apost. Can. 15, 16. Nic. 15, 16.)

XI. We have determined that all the poor, and those who need help, shall after examination travel with only pacifical letters (1) from the Churches, and not with commendatory letters; because it is right that commendatory letters should be given to those persons only who are liable to suspicion.

XII. It has come to our knowledge that some persons contrary to the laws of the Church, having had recourse to the secular powers, have by means of pragmatic orders (1) divided one Province into two, so that there are thus two Metropolitans in one Province. The holy Synod has therefore determined that no Bishop shall for the future dare to do any such thing, and that he who shall attempt such a thing shall be deposed from his own rank. Such cities however as have been already honored with the name of Metropolis by royal letters, and the Bishop who has the charge of the Church of such a city, shall enjoy the honorary title only, the proper rights being preserved to that which is in truth the Metropolis.

XIII. Foreign Clergymen, and those who are unknown in another city, without commendatory letters from their own Bishop, are by no means to be allowed to perform divine service.

XIV. Since in some Provinces it is allowed to the Readers and Singers (1) to marry, the holy Synod has determined, that it shall not be lawful for any of them to marry a woman of heterodox opinions. But those who have already had children from such a marriage, if their children have been previously baptized amongst heretics,