Antifthenes, to make the Athenians fenfible of the abuses that were committed in bestowing public employments, advised them to order that their affes fhould be made to plough no less than their horses: it was anfwered that the beast in question was not formed for ploughing. "No matter for that," replied he, "all depends on your decree; for the most ignorant and most unqualified perfons, on whom you bestow the command in your wars, become neverthelefs inftantly extremely worthy of them, because they are employed by you! XXVII. "Study philofophy," faid Crates, "unthe leader of an army can look you upon as the leader of a herd of affes." til XXVIII. The first church dedicated to St. Paul in England, was originally a pagan temple, built to the honor of Diana; and the chief mofque now in Conftantinople was a Christian church confecrated to St. Sophia. Melancthon wrote him a letter in recommendation of George Sabinus, who was travelling in Italy. The Cardinal made great account of that recommendation, and was very civil to Sabinus, and invited him to dine with him. In the time of dinner he asked him a great many questions, and particularly these three: What falary Melancthon had? What number of hearers? And what was his opinion concerning a future ftate and the refurrection? To the firft queftion Sabinus replied, that Melancthon's falary was not above three hunHadrian Beverland appears to have been dred florins a year. Upon hearing which, a curious collector of Facetiæ. We are the Cardinal cried out, "Ungrateful Gertold by Birch, in the General Dictionary, many, to purchase at fo low a price, fo that having fatirized the magiftrates and many toils of fo great a man!" The anminifters of Leyden, in his Vox Clamantis fwer to the fecond question was, that Mein Deferto, he thought it prudent to go lancthon had ufually fifteen hundred hearover to England, where Dr. Ifaac Voffius ers. "I cannot believe it," replied the procured him a pension upon the ecclefiaf- Cardinal. "I do not know of an Univertical revenues, which penfion was attended fity in Europe, except that at Paris, in XXIX. which one profeffor has so many scholars." baseness, and ingratitude among mankind, (Nevertheless, Melancthon had frequently that I can hardly think it incumbent upon twenty-five hundred hearers.) To the third any man to endeavour to do good to fo queftion Sabinus replied, that Melancthon's perverse a generation." But as to Swift's works were a full proof of his belief in thofe real fentiments, his Day of Judgment seems two articles. "I fhould have a better opin- to fet the question at relt: ion of him," replied the Cardinal, "if he did not believe them at all.”—(Hift. and Crit. Dict.) We are told by Dean Swift, in his Vindication of Lord Carteret, that "Cardinal Perron, after having spoken for an hour, to the admiration of all his hearers, to prove the existence of God, told fome of his intimates that he could have spoken another hour and much better, to prove the contrary." Swift himself was a very eminent instance of a freethinking prieft. To fay nothing of the Tale of a Tub, the following extract from a letter to Pope, September 29, 1725, fhows pretty conclufively the estimation in which he held his own profeffion: "I have ever hated all nations, profeffions and communities, and all my love is toward individuals; for inftance I hate the tribe of lawyers, but I love counsellor fuch-a-one : it is fo with phyficians, (I will fay nothing of my own trade,) foldiers English, Scotch, French, and the reft." His friend the Archbishop of Cafhel appears to have been one of his disciples. In a letter to the Dean, May 31, 1735, he fays: "Sir James Ware has made a very useful collection of the memorable actions of all my predeceffors. He tells us they were born in such a town of England or Ireland; were confecrated fuch a year, and if not tranflated were buried in their cathedral church, either on the North or South fide. Whence I conclude that a good bifhop has nothing more to do than to eat, drink, grow fat, rich, and die; which laudable example I propofe for the remainder of my life to follow; for to tell you the truth, I have for thefe four or five years paft met with so much treachery, "With a whirl of thought oppreffed, I funk from reverie to reft. A horrid vifion feized my head, I faw the graves give up their dead! XXXI. USE OF TRANSLATIONS. Men of learning, like Le Clerc and Porfon, make use of translations, and candidly acknowledge their value: they are used ftill more by pedants and pretenders, who fpeak of them with contempt. "A good tranflation is as useful as a commentary, and nobody needs be more afhamed to confult it, than confult fome notes. If the tranflator was a learned man, it is to be prefumed that he took more pains to explain his author, than one can often take by reading him, and certainly he deserves to be taken notice of. Menage fays, in the Menagiana, that though he had studied Greek for a long time, he could not be without a tranflation; and I think feveral people would say the fame, if they were as fincere as he was."-Le Clerc's Parrhafiana. "Porfon liked Larcher's tranflations of. Herodotus. . . . He was a great reader of translations, and never wrote a note on any paffage of any ancient author without first carefully looking how it had been rendered by different translators."-Dyce's Porfoni ana. Major Andre and Voss the Poet. MAJOR ANDRE had a coufin, Mr. John André, refiding at Offenbach, near Frankfort-on-the-Main, whom he visited. After he entered the British army, he was employed by the ministry to conduct a corps of Heffians from Heffe-Caffel.. When in Germany, he formed an intimacy with Vofs the poet. The following memorials of their friendship are taken from the German Mufeum, or Monthly Repofitory of the Literature of Germany (3 vols. 8vo, London, 1800-1), vol. ii. p. 18. The editor obferves: "The ode which the German poet compofed on him, proves the excellency of his character. How well he could express his own feelings, the following poem, which he wrote at Hanau, and presented to Voss, at parting, will fhew." PARTING. 13 JUNE, 1773. The Boat was trimm'd, the tilt outspread, The gay umbrella caught the fun, And did a thought of me then rise, And in thofe drops that grac'd thine eyes Ah! well thou mightft have deign'd to lose One piteous drop for me, Full oft the bitter tribute flows, Beloved maid to thee! Far on the winding beach I ftood I faw her waive her hand. Ah! may'ft thou be kind heaven's care! Yet can that wave then profperous prove A maid whose prefence and whose love And now the boatmen ply'd the oar, The leffening veffel fled the fhore, I urged the land in frenzied mood, Each paffion in my bofom mix'd, And all my foul provok'd, My heart beat high, my eye was fix'd, Defpairing, ftaggering from the strand, Where these fad lines my fault'ring hand Dafs nach heiligem Recht unferer Greife Rath Urtheil fpricht, und den Spruch Obergewalt vollzieht; Dafs, wo herrischer Trog dunkelte, Licht und Fuger than the children of men ;) and the other Und allfegnende Freiheit fiegt; Dafs in Hütt' und Palaft biedere Treu und Zucht Gern mit Mäfzigkeit wohnt, und mit gestähltem Fleifz; Dafs vor Heerd' und Altar weifere Tapferkeit In blutargenden Kampf fich ftellt; Dafs in jeglicher Kunft, welche zu Menfchen würd' Aufschwingt, deutsches Verdienst leuchtete; dafs den Wahn Kühn der Forfcher und frei, aus der Natur Bezirk, Dafs mit Meifzel und Farb', und in geftimmtem Deutschlands Genius schaft; dass unbelohnt, ver schmäht Deutschlands Genius altgriechifchen Kraftgefang Dann mit leiferem Laut fage, wie herzlich hier Dir nachfolgte der Zug, und wie zuletzt dein Vofs Bibliographical Notice of Works on the Personal Beauty of Christ. In the early part of the seventeenth century, a fingular controverfy arofe among the learned, concerning the perfonal beauty and deformity of CHRIST. Nicolas Rigaltius, the ingenious and erudite friend of Thuanus and Ifaac Cafaubon, appears to have been the perfon who first started this curious difcuffion, in a Differtation entitled De Pulcritudine (fic) Corporis D. N. Fefu-Chrifti, auctore Nic. Rigaltio. Ad calcem S. Cæcili Cypriani operum ejufdem Rigalti obfervationibus recognitorum, etc. Parifiis, 1649, folio, pp. 235-246. Rigaltius felected as mottos for the titlepage of his Differtation the following paf fages: one from Pfalms, xlv. v. 2, Speciofus forma præ filis hominum, (Thou art fairfrom Ifaiah, cap. lii. v. 14, Vidimus eum, et non erat in eo fpecies, &c. (His visage was fo marred more than any man, and his form more than the fons of men.) Of these prophetic defcriptions of the figure and countenance of our Saviour, Rigaltius afferts that of Ifaiah to be the true one; and he quotes, as corroborative proof, a great number of paffages from Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Tertullian, St. Auguftin, Irenæus, Epiphanius, St. Cyril, &c.; alfo from the early opponents of Christianity-Porphyry, Celfus, the Emperor Julian-and concludes with St. Paul, Philippians, chap. ii. v. 7, that Chrift "made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a fervant, and was made in the likeness of men." The Differtation of Rigaltius was at once answered by the learned Jefuit, Fr. Vavaffeur, who took the ground that Chrift was neither remarkably handsome nor homely, but was fimply what might be called a goodlooking perfon. Two editions of his work were published, the titles of which are as follows: L. Fr. Vavafforis, Soc. Jes. De Forma Chrifti liber. Parifiis, Cramoify, 1649, 8vo. II. Fr. Vavaffor, De Forma Chrifti dum viveret in terris; cum præfatione de facie Dei, et brevi mantiffa obfervationum, denuo editus à Fofu Arnodio. Ratofchii, Wildius, 1666, 8vo. This Differtation is alfo to be found in the collected works of Vavaffeur, published in Amfterdam, 1709, folio, pp. 317–341. Another adversary now entered the field of controverfy againft Rigaltius, in the perfon of the Reverend Father Peter Pijartius, who declared boldly that the beauty of Christ was moft extraordinary and marvellous. His work is divided into fourteen chapters, and is entitled- De fingulari Chrifti Jefu D. N. Salvatoris Pulchritudine, affertio, in qua tam Antiquis quam Modernis Scriptoribus illam impugnantibus abundè refpondetur. Autore R. P. Petro Pijartio ordinis Minorum Theologo. Parifiis, apud Lud. Boullenger, 1651, 12mo, pp. xiv.-172. Peter Haberkorn, a zealous Lutheran, and Profeffor of Theology at Gieffen, followed in the wake of Pijartius, and gave to the world his views of this mooted fubject in a Treatise of more piety than learning, which has the following title: Petri Haberkornu Pietatis Myfterium, feu Chriftologia vel Tractatus de Perfona Chrifti. Gieffe, Hampelius, 1671, 4to. Juftus Gottfried Rabener continued the conteft, with much curious learning, in a Differtatio de Chrifti Forma et Staturá, which he published in his Amanitates Hiftor.-Philol., &c. Lipfiæ, 1695, 8vo, pp. 365-373. Erneit Salomo Cyprian, a distinguished Lutheran clergyman of Coburg, contributed his quota to the difcuffion in the form of a brief but elaborate Tractatus, entitled De Pulchritudine Corporis Chrifti prolufio, which may be found in his Selecta Programmata. Coburg, 1708, 8vo, pp. 88-94. of the late Converts to Popery. By Thomas Lewis, Master of Arts. London, printed for G. Strahan, 1735, 8vo. This work is divided into two parts. In the first part, Mr. Lewis examines the reafons of those learned men who contend that Chrift was a perfon of wonderful beauty. In the second part, he undertakes to refute their arguments; and concludes finally with Irenæus, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Tertullian, &c., that Chrift was extremely homely. The traditional belief that Christ was a person of fingular beauty, he says, is fimply a papal fuperftition; and whoever wish to fee that fact clearly demonftrated, have only to read his book. Finally, the celebrated Benedictine monk, Dom Auguftin Calmet, publifhed his Differtation fur la Beauté de Féfus-Chrift, which may be found in the edition of his Differtations et Préfaces, reprinted from his Commentaire Literale, at Paris, in 1720, 3 vols. 4to, or in 5 vols. 8vo, tome iii. pp. 327351. This Differtation is an excellent and judicious réfumé of all the various opinions and arguments which have been announced both for and against the beauty of Christ. He reviews with great learning and impartiality all the principal authors (prophets, fathers of the Church, ecclefiaftical writers, &c.) who have made any distinct mention of the peculiar personal characteristics of our Saviour; and to this valuable and interefting Differtation we refer the reader who may desire to pursue the subject für The only work in English we have been able to discover relating to this fubject, was written by Thomas Lewis, A. M., author of the well-known Antiquities of the Hebrew Republick, 4 vols. 8vo, London, 1724 -5. This Treatife is exceedingly fcarce, and is not mentioned by Lowndes, or by ther, any English bibliographer whofe works have been acceffible to us. A brief analysis, how ever, is given of it in Gibbon's favorite lit- Neglected Biography of Booksellers erary journal, the Bibliothèque Raisonnée des Ouvrages Savans de l'Europe, for 1735, tome xv. p. 231, from which we extract our notice. The title-page reads thus: and Book-Collectors. WILLIAM GARDINER. UNDER this general head we propose to Inquiry into the Shape, the Beauty and give occafionally short biographical notices Stature of the Perfon of Christ, and of the of bookfellers, and perfonal sketches of fome Virgin Mary, offered to the Confideration of the more characteristic and fingular col |