notices published in the Proceedings from 1860 to 1899. Your correspondent might find something about him in the volumes of The ChurchBuilder or The Ecclesiologist. CHAS. HALL CROUCH. WM. HAWKINS: ANNE WALTON (12 S. v. 319).—Isaac Walton and his Friends,' by Stapleton Martin, 1904, p. 189, states that Anne, the daughter of Isaac Walton, married in 1676 (not 1678) Dr. Wm. Hawkins, Prebendary of Winchester Cathedral, who died July 17, 1691, aged 58. Anne Hawkins DAVID HUMPHREYS (12 S. vi. 149).-He was born at Derby, Connecticut, in July, 1752, and died at New Haven, in that state, on Feb. 21, 1818. I cannot say if he was of Welsh origin. WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK. GROSVENOR PLACE (12 S. vi. 109, 156).— I thank your correspondents for references to The Builder and Walpole's 'George III.' I know both, and neither states when Grosvenor Place was laid out as a road. SIR WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK says: "Grosvenor Place was originally a row of houses died Aug. 18, 1715, leaving male issue, and....built in 1767.' But did the houses was buried with her husband in Winchester arrive before the street? Cathedral. CHAS. HALL CROUCH. If Grosvenor Place originated with houses built in 1767, how comes it to be portrayed as a full-fledged road on Mackay's map in 1725 (see Builder, July 6, 1901) ? 66 possession of it since 1677? I do not think 204 Hermon Hill, South Woodford, E.18. URCHFONT (12 S. vi. 12, 77).—The name is not given in Johnston's 'Place-names of EngIf, again, as SIR WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK land and Wales,' and I have not been able to says, the ground " of Grosvenor Place was make an extensive search for old forms, but "sold to builders," how do the Grosvenor I have found one (in the year 1285) "Erche-family come to have been in uninterrupted funte," and another (in 1628) "Urclant alias Urchfont." From the former, the name would appear to mean "the fount or spring belonging to a man called Erch, or some name like that. A search in Searle's 'Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum' gives Ercan, Ercen, Urk, and Urki as personal names recorded, so probably one of these gave his name to the village. Cf. St. Erkenwald, the A.S. saint, who founded monasteries at Chertsey and Barking and subsequently became Bishop of London. SOAPS FOR SALT WATER (12 S. vi. 149).MR. WAINEWRIGHT will find a full account of the soapnut-tree (Sapindus mukorossi) in Sir G. Watt's 'Dictionary of the Economic Products of India,' vi., pt. ii., 468, and in his Commercial Products of India,' W. CROOKE. H. R. NIAS. p. 979. The Thatched Cottage, Iffley, Oxon. ANATHEMA CUP (12 S. vi. 150). The Anathema Cup at Pembroke College, Cambridge, is so called from having on "the interior of the stem" the inscription : "Qui alienaverit, anathema sit. "Thomas Langton, Winton. Eps., Aulæ Pembrochiæ olim socius, dedit hanc tarsiam coopertam eidem Aulæ, 1497." FINKLE STREET (12 S. v. 69, 109, 279; vi. 25).-Legal deeds naming the same property Finkle and Fennel are superfluous as to the identity of meaning, if the words be considered as common nouns. But a conveyancer's clerk may have modernized in error. In other words, is the proper name really derived from the old English "finkle for fennel? Possibly so, and a reason may come to light. Cooper, in his 'Memorials of Cambridge (p. 67) says it weighs 40 (not 67) ounces. My own suggestion of Winkel-or "shop Cripps, in his 'Old English Plate' (3rd. ed., Street is not to be admired in a philological p. 305) says the mint mark is 1481. Thomas view, but nothing has been more common Langton was born at Appleby in Westmor- in small towns than the clustering of shops, land, was successively of Queen's College, and a retrograde pronunciation of labials is Oxford, which he left owing to the plague, of not unknown; e.g., Sam Veller., v for w, Clare College, Cambridge, Fellow of Pem- instead of the normal w for v. Or has broke College there, Bishop of St. David's Sc. vennel, Fr. venelle-always a street and of Salisbury, Provost of Queen's College, appellation-been misunderstood and transOxford, Bishop of Winchester and Arch-lated back in ancient days by the sticklers bishop of Canterbury elect, but never for foeniculum or its nearest English form? installed. JOHN R. MAGRATH. Queen's College, Oxford. South Africa. J. K. Notes on Books. A Study of Shakespeare's Versification. By M. A. Bayfield. (Cambridge University Press, 16s. net.) TAKING this book as a whole we should say that Mr. Bayfield has proved his point. He seems fully prepared to be told that he goes too far: and therefore we have the less scruple in recording that that is, as to certain details, precisely our own opinion. But, on the other hand, we are ready to maintain that his work constitutes a serious and most illuminating contribution to the study of Shakespeare which will have to be taken account of by all future editors. analysed the whole of the plays and worked out the percentages of resolutions in their different places in the line; he sets the whole before us; and from the results, which certainly are striking, he draws a new theory of the chronological order of the plays. We are glad to see him attacking that scheme of Shakespeare's life and work, by which the poet was to have written the great tragedies: during a time when his own experience was tragicand bitter, and to have emerged at last into mellow peace to present us with Cymbeline,' theory can hardly have been set up in the The Tempest,' and 'The Winter's Tale.' That may absence of any direct evidence on the subject-by neglected. But Shakespeare's editors were of opinion that blank verse must run in lines of ten syllables. To that Procrustean bed they cut or they stretched the varying rhythms of his verse. Mr. Bayfield has a great deal to say on these editors-assuming them to have worked on the principle stated above. He brings forward scores of verses spoilt by elision to get them within the The usual formula for the five-foot verse in norm: and renders them beautiful simply by which the great mass of poetic drama in English is restoring the resolution. For these emendations written is five iambic feet. Mr. Bayfield contends his chapters are well worth retaining; but about that the trochee if not occupying quite the the middle of the book he is struck with a new position conventionally assigned to the iambus-idea-the true one, as we are inclined to believeis a true, normal, and basic element in it. Next, which renders many of his arguments and much he asserts-or, rather, he demonstrates-that of his censure of editors nugatory. Are we, after Shakespeare loved and used, more than any other all-he suggests-right in assuming that the dramatist of his day, resolutions-that is to say, abbreviations in the Folio are true elisions, that the resolving of the two syllables of the iambus they really indicate the slurring of syllables, the (or trochee) into three, or more, syllables. Not dropping out of vowels? Abbreviations-inonly so, but as Shakespeare's skill and power in tended to be read in full-are far more frequent in versification increased, as his ear became more earlier writing than in our own day. Are we not delicate and his range of music in verse more justified in suspecting that a large percentage of extended, so were the resolutions multiplied, and the peccant apostrophes simply represent economy it was largely upon these on their subtle weaving, of fatigue, first on the part of the writer of the together, balancing, rippling in and out of each MS. and then of the printer? We think that Mr. other that the sweetness and majesty of his Bayfield might have developed this afterthought poetry depended. Mr. Bayfield has laboriously with more confidence than he has shown. It may, perhaps, be that an addiction to resolutions grows upon most poets. A versewriter becomes increasingly prompt to hold the true rhythm, the fundamental beats of his line against the invasion of multiplied syllables, and delights in doing so. But there is a point at which this power betrays him: and we think that Mr. Bayfield, whose sympathetic listening to Shakespeare's music seems almost to have identified his hearing with the poet's, has certainly more than once suffered his ear to be thus betrayed. It must have been either a process of subtle sophistication, or a loss of straightforward judgment from the sheer overstrain of a faculty that could make him re-arrange as he has done the end of Antony and Cleopatra.' This perverse Fingenuity illustrates also the perilousness of a too exclusive attention to versification, for these particular lines in our author's setting out are not only hopeless as verse, but inapt as rendering Cæsar's last utterance in the play. We would not, however, conclude on a note of remonstrance: the book is one to which we ourselves owe much enjoyment, and to which, as we said above, the attention of students of Shakespeare is certainly due. Last Verses. By Percy Addleshaw. (Elkin Mathews, 2s. 6d. net.) IT is now some four years since the death of William Percy Addleshaw, an occasional contributor to our columns. Mr. Arundel Osborne introduces this collection of his remaining verse by a very sympathetic short biography. He has much to tell of physical suffering and of the repeated checks imposed by ever-increasing bad health to what might have been a brilliant career. Commenting on Addleshaw's cheeriness" as a friend and correspondent Mr. Osborne remarks that "only the poems show the darker side of his spirit." The reader readily understands that this is so; though habitual courage makes itself felt even in the melancholy of these verses. Their chief attraction lies in the interest in the writer which they contrive to arouse. They rarely touch the height of absolute poetry; and once or twice the imagery shows a want of poetical tact: but they have life in them and sincerity and meaning. We liked best one or two of the quartrains, the verses entitled respectively Church Stretton,' In Many Ways,' In the Chiaia,' and The Rope V Walk.' Notices to Correspondents. IT is requested that each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. CORRESPONDENTS repeating queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." WHEN answering a query, or referring to an article which has already appeared, correspondents are requested to give within parentheses immediately after the exact heading the numbers of the series, volume, and page at which the contribution in question is to be found. FOR the convenience of the printers, correspon dents are requested to write only on one side of a sheet of paper. MR. ANEURIN WILLIAMS.-The author of the 'Essay on Bailments' was Sir William Jones the orientalist. MR. D. R. MCCORD.-The D.N.B.' has a full article on the brothers Sobieski Stuart, and their history has been fully discussed in our own columns. See 5 S. viii. 28, 58, 92, 113, 158, 214, 274, 351, 397-of which the third reference should particularly be noted; 6 S. iii. 265, and 12 S. i. 110, 156, 190, 277. MR. ARCHIBALD SPARKE writes: " Coddington (12 S. vi. 168).-Will this be William Coddington (1601-1678), governor of Rhode Island, New England, a native of Lincolnshire, born 1601? He was chosen in England to be an "assistant" or magistrate to the colony at Massachusetts Bay, and arrived at Salem June 12, 1630. For some time he was treasurer of the colony. In 1638 he joined the emigrants who left for Rhode Island. and was a judge and governor of several of the towns there. He died November 1, 1678. If this is the individual required, further particulars will be found in the 'D.N.B.' AT 12 S. v. 245, col. 2, the reference to the Magdalen College Register should bear the name of J. R. Bloxam not W. D. Macray. We owe this correction to MR. W. A. B. COOLIDGE. I. F. For details concerning the Fawcett-Munro duel see Miller's St. Pancras, Past and Present, pp. 269-73, and Walford and Thornburg's Old and New Loudon,' v. 376, also N. and Q."8 S. ix. 230 and 10 S. iv. 72. L. M. A.-Forwarded to H. A. ST -J. M. J. HARVEY BLOOM, 601 BANK CHAMBERS, 329 HIGH HOLBORN E.31. EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Adver Early Deeds, Papers and MSS. arranged and Calendared Family *tisements and Business Letters to "The PubHistories compiled, Pedigrees worked out, materials for Family and lishers"-at the Office, Printing House Square, Local Histories collected and prepared for the press. Mr. Bloom is London, E.C.4. author of many works on these subjects. Indexing. ALL communications intended for insertion in our columns should bear the name and address of THE AUTHOR'S HAIRLESS PAPER-PAD. the sender-not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WHEN sending a letter to be forwarded to another contributor correspondents are requested to put in the top left-hand corner of the envelope the number of the page of N. & Q.' to which the letter refers. The LEADENHALL PRESS, Ltd., Publishers and Printers. 29-47 GARDEN ROW, ST. GEORGE'S ROAD, SOUTHWARK, 8.E.1. Contains hairless paper, over which the pen slips with perfect freedom. Ninepence each. 88. per dozen, ruled or plain. Pocket size, 58. per dozen, ruled or plain. STICKPHAST is a clean white Paste and not a messy liquid LONDON, MAY 15, 1920 CONTENTS.- No. 109. NOTES:-A Seventeenth-Century Charm, 201-Latin as an NOTES ON BOOKS :- Samuel Pepys and the Royal Notes. A SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CHARM. THE following document I found several years ago among some old papers that came into my hands. It purports to have been copied in 1722 and the style of the handwriting is of that period. It is not without interest, as the blessing invoked on whoever shall copy and publish it, and the curse pronounced on those who do not teach it to others, seem to foreshadow the "endless chain" letters that have troubled many persons in these latter years. It also holds itself out as a charm, or protective amulet, and a copy was no doubt valued as such. GODS MESSAGE FROM HEAVEN A Coppy of a letter written by Gods hands as it is said and found under a stone in a village named Mackabe near the Town of Isunday in the year of our Lord God: 1603: this letter by y commandment of Jesus Christ, and was found under a great stone red and large it was at ye foot of a Crag: 18: miles from the said Town of Isunday are in ye village named Mackabe upon weh stone was day of Judgment, All goodness shall unto the house where y° Coppy of this writing shall be in ye name of Jesus Christ Amen. Coppied April: 12: 1722 Except your head and hart attend your hand Penn Ink and paper save and write in sand. The paper is endorsed (in the same writing as the copy) :— "Gods message from heaven as it is said and sent by ye Angell Gabriell in ye year of our Lord 1603.' Whether any such place as Isunday existed except in the imagination of the author of the above document, I do not know, but I have failed to find it in the Gazetteer I have consulted. There are manifestly some errors in the copy, but I have transcribed it as it WM. SELF WEEKS. stands. Westwood, Clitheroe. LATIN AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE. THE closing sentences of your review (ante, p. 120) of Mr. A. B. Ramsay's 'Inter Lilia recalled vividly a vigorous discussion which I had the temerity to initiate in the columns of The Manchester City News in August, 1909. My paper was headed A Universal Language,' to which the editor affixed the sub-title of Will Esperanto Last?', presumably because three-fourths thereof consisted of a direct attack on Dr. Zamenhof's invention. The remaining one-fourth was devoted to a reasoned plea for the adoption and adaptation of Latin as a medium of international communication. It so happened that my paper synchronized with the great Esperanto Congress in Dresden-a coincidence that tipped the shafts of many adversaries with venom. No wonder, the editor described the controversy as battle of Titans." But it is not with Esperanto that I am concerned here, nor with any similar artificial attempts at a universal language, such as Volapuk, Apolema, Ido, or Universal Ling. Your reviewer has kindled into a flame the almost expiring embers of a long cherished dream that the linguistic world would some day adopt "Tendimus in Latium" as its motto, and once again use Latin as its international tongue. As he says, very appositely : 66 It Why, with such a vehicle in our possession, and when the world is crying out for an international language, do we not revive Latin? is the common possession of Western Europe; its vitality is latent, not extinct; it needs but to be revived-a less invidious enterprise than the virtual imposing of some one modern language upon other nations; and, being the fount from which so great a part of modern speech has taken its rise, it offers a wealth of opportunity for the development of language, which would be more happily exploited if it were not left merely to the ingeniousness of the learned. A dead language is of no use-be it granted; but Latin is not in any sense dead, and Mr. Ramsay's lively book will, we trust, carry a fresh proof of its vitality home to many readers." A right note is struck by the statement that "Latin is not in any sense dead." And, as the last paragraph in the paper referred to above also observes : "If we must learn a new language let it be one already consecrated by long use and perfected by its best writers and speakers. Why not adopt and adapt Latin, mistakenly classed as a dead speech, which possesses the roots of many European tongues and the requirements of a secondary universal or international language. It has everything to recommend it, absence of article, simplicity of conjugation and declension, and a singular pliability to modern commerce, verbal coinage, and scientific inventions. This malleableness was admirably illustrated and confirmed by the publication in England of the Nuntius Latinus Internationalis, and sustained by several similar periodicals in Italy and America, and was practically maintained so long ago as 1408 by Poggio Bracciolini, who, to quote Dr. Sandys, in the preface to his jest-book, avows that, in that work, his purpose is to prove that there is nothing that cannot be expressed in Latin, and in carrying out that purpose he is only too successful.' And, further on (' Revival Learning'), he observes: of "Latin is still the language used at Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin in academic laudations of the living....Lastly, Latin continues to be the medium by which the learned on either side of the Atlantic are wont to express their condolences and congratulations even in cases where both of the bodies concerned claim English as their mother tongue.' "And he might have added that an eclectic Latinity is the language of the theological and philosophical text-books (as of the Liturgy) of the seminaries and colleges of the Roman Comlectures thereon and therein are delivered in the munion throughout the world, and that the same tongue; also that for many years the papers read at the medical congresses were written and read in Latin. Clearly, then, Latin is still, as it has long been, an all-but universal language. Latin would always be safeguarded by classicists Why not make it entirely such? Ciceronian and uniformity of pronunciation for colloquial purposes would, as I contended years ago in N. & Q.' (7 S. xi. 484, 1891), be attained on the basis of the Continental or Italian method." In support of the last contention let me cite the following sentence from the 'Alaudæ of Mar. 20, 1891 : "Juxta sic nascentem Latinitatem recentiorem Latinitati aureæ semper suus honor manebit manebitque ejus usus, presertim in poesi necnon in prosa elegantiore et celsioris stili. Tribuamus suum utrique, et Latinitati aureæ et usui nostro." |