[THE REFERENCES BELOW ARE TO PAGES.]
Abbott, E. A., 137.
Abbreviations of months, 211.
Accuracy in use of words, 180-183.
See under Correctness, Precision.
Action in stories. See under Move-
ment.
Adaptation to the reader, 8-11, 232-
234. See Preface, passim.
Addition of details, for study of effects,
29, 30.
Address, of a letter, 212-213, 217, 228-
229, 230, 233; of a postal card, 222.
Adjectives, study of. See Helps to
Study, passim; also under Words.
Adverbs, adverbial phrases to suspend
thought, 156; position of, 138–139.
Advertisements, 224-228.
Æsop, 32.
Ambiguity. See under Clearness, Ef-
fectiveness, Precision.
American and British words, 172–173.
American Monthly Review of Reviews,
319-320.
And and but, use of, 114-115.
André, Major, 185–186.
Anecdote, successive reappearances of,
93-94; defined, 263; specimen of,
49. See Narration, passim.
'Angelus," study of Millet's, 105-106.
Antecedent and pronoun, 137–138.
Anticlimax, 159.
Antithesis, 158-159, 160. See under
Contrast.
Argument, 325-346; distinguished,
207-208, 312-313, 326-327; nature
of, 325-327; books about, 325; the
proposition in, 328-331; point at
issue in, 331-333; proofs in, 333-
339;
brief in, 339-343; preparation
for debate, 344-345; propositions
for debate, 345-346.
Arnold, Matthew, 198.
Arrangement of material, 33-41; in
letters, 233; in narration, 247-248;
in description, 278, 282, 284-288; in
explanation, 316; in argument, 339-
343. See under Material.
Arrangement of the paragraph, to se-
cure mass, 110-113; to secure cohe-
rence, 113-116; to bind paragraphs
together, 116-120.
Arrangement of parts of the sentence,
to secure mass and emphasis, 140-
141; to secure coherence, 141-142;
to secure periodic structure, 153-
157; to secure balanced and parallel
structure, 157-161. See under An-
tithesis, Balance, Climax, Mass,
Parallel, Periodic.
Article, use of, 138.
Association of ideas, 69.
Associations of words, 185-186, 189-191.
Asterisks, use of, 361.
Atmosphere in stories, 261.
Audience, adaptation to, 8-11, 232-234.
See Preface, A Word at the Start,
passim.
Apostrophe, rules for sign of, 359-360. Austen, Jane, 243–245.
Authors. See under Literature, Poe-
try, Reading.
Bacheller, Irving, 55–56.
Bacon, Lord, 23, 157.
Carpenter, G. R., 227, 248-249.
Bain, Alexander, 114, 155. Also see Caudle, Mrs.
Central thought in description, 296–301.
Balanced structure in sentences, 157- Century Dictionary, 76, 351.
Bible, Ruskin's list of chapters, 55; Choice of subject, 3-5. See under Sub-
38, 144-145, 195, 200.
Big and little words, 187-193.
Binding paragraphs together, 116-120.
See under Coherence.
Blouet, Paul (Max O'Rell), 54–55, 73.
Body of a letter, 214.
Brackets, rules for, 359.
Brevity in sentences, 138, 140. See
under Effectiveness, Emphasis,
Vigor, Words.
Choice of words. See under Words.
Chronological order, 33-41, passim,
247-248, 252-253.
Churchill, Winston, 50, 72.
Class exercises, 35, 38-39, 43-45, 90, 109,
120, 150, 254, 257, 258, 260, 262, 287,
310, 338-339, 343.
Clauses, subordination of, 150; for
suspending thought, 155-156.
Brief in argument, 339-343; specimen Clearness, rules for, 137-139; of sen-
British and American words, 172–173.
Brown, M. W., 63.
Browning, Robert, 198.
Buchanan, Robert, 198.
Buck, G., 197.
Buck, G., and Woodbridge, E., 285–286.
Bunner, H. C., 73.
Burbage, 154.
Barke, Edmund, 22, 78, 120.
Burroughs, John, 102, 296.
Business letters, 218-222.
Business transactions.
Writing, passim.
tence, 136-139; in explanation, 316-
317.
Clemens, Samuel Langhorne (Mark
Twain), 299.
Close of a letter. See under Conclu-
sion.
Coherence, of paragraph, 113–116; of
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, edition of
Ancient Mariner, 44; 137, 153, 288.
Colon, rules for, 353.
See Letter- Color in description, 310 (24); speci-
But and and, use of, 114-115.
Byron, Lord, 199.
Comma, rules for, 355-357.
Comparison, construction of para-
graph by, 82-84, 85–93.
Complex sentences, 145-151.
Complication of plot, 252-253.
Capitals, rules for, 362; in title of Composition, value of, A Word at the
Caricature, study of, 56-57.
Start, passim. See under Oral,
Whole composition.
Compound sentences, 145–151.
Compound words, references for, 360.
Concluding paragraphs, 126–128.
Conclusion, in explanation, 127-128;
in narration, 262; of a letter,
214-216.
Conditional clauses to suspend
thought, 155.
Conjunctions, use of coördinate, 139.
Connectives, used in contrast, 85; in
paragraphs, 113-116; in sentences,
142; between paragraphs, 116–120;
list of, 114-115.
Connotation of words, 185-186.
Construction of paragraphs, 67-106;
psy-
chology of, 69; by definition, 70–
77; by reversion, 77-82; by com-
parison, 82-84, 85-93; by contrast,
84-93; by example, 93-100; by
restatement, 100-106.
Contrast, construction of paragraphs
methods enumerated, 69;
by, 84-93. See under Antithesis.
Conversation in stories, 265-269; para-
graphing of, 55-56.
Cook, A. S., 55.
Correction of school manuscripts,
marks used in, 350-351. See Pref-
ace, passim.
Declarative sentences, 143–145.
Definition, construction of paragraphs
by, 70-77; inaccuracy in, 75.
De Quincey, Thomas, 125.
Derivation of words, 171-172; study
in, 183. See under Synonyms.
Description, 275-311; distinguished,
207-208; in situations in narration,
258; specimens of, 275-311, passim ;
list of specimens of, 281; nature of,
282-284; two kinds of, 282-283:
perception by sight, 284-288; diffi-
culties of, 288-289; point of view
in, 290-292; point of time in, 292-
295; central thought in, 296–301;
rapid suggestion in, 301-303; value
of specific in, 303-304; sensations
other than of sight in, 304-307; ex-
Descriptive words, 276, 277, 303–304.
Details, taking notes of, 11-14; gath-
ering, 26-27; selecting, 29-33; ar-
ranging, 33-41; lists of, 32-33. See
Helps to Study, passim; and under
Arrangement of material, Material.
Diagrams, in explanation, 317; of
plots, 254.
Correctness of sentence, 134-135. See Dialect in stories, 270 (9).
Dialogue. See under Conversation.
See under Letter- Dickens, Charles, 142, 267, 267-268, 283,
Dictionaries, compared, 76; as records
Creative faculty, development of. See Dictionary, use of, 21, 70, 71, 75–76,
cises in, 338-339. See under Argu- Ease, assisted by coherence. See under
Echo, paragraph, 117-118. See under Exclamatory sentences, 143–145.
Binding, Coherence.
Edgeworth, Maria, 175.
Edwards, Jonathan, 12.
Effectiveness, rules for, 139-141; of
sentence, 139-141; devices for, 141.
See under Antithesis, Climax, Em-
phasis, Mass, Vigor.
Effect, description by, 309.
Effects in description, 276, 277, 278, 283,
293, 297, 298-300, 301, 303, 305–307,
309.
Elegance in the use of words, 201-203.
Elements of narration, 248-249.
Eliot, George, 147, 252-253, 302, 337.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 20, 22, 84-85,
146, 200.
Emphasis in paragraphs, sentences,
and words. See under Effective-
ness, Mass, Vigor.
Ending a story, 261-263.
Engineering, explanation in, 317.
English Dictionary, The New, 76.
English language, standards of, 167-
180, passim; obsolete words in,
168-171; foreign words in, 171-172;
localisms in, 172-176; disreputable
words in, 177-180; American usage
the standard of, 173.
Enumeration in description, 282-283,
296-297.
Envelope, superscription on, 217-218;
putting folded letter into, 218.
Essay. See under Arrangement,
Composition, Explanation, Outline,
Theme, Whole composition.
Essentials of the paragraph, 106-116;
unity of paragraph, 106–110; mass
of paragraph, 110-113; coherence of
paragraph, 113–116.
Essentials of the sentence, 134-143;
correctness of sentence, 134-135;
clearness of sentence, 136-139; effec-
tiveness of sentence, 139-141; co-
herence of sentence, 141-142; unity
of sentence, 142–143.
Experiences, one's own, as subject,
3-5, 6-7. See Preface, A Word at
the Start, passim.
Explanation, 312-325; as basis of
Chapters II and III, 69; distin-
guished, 207-208, 312-313, 326-327;
nature of, 312-315; methods of,
70-106, 315-317; exercises in, 317-
325; by definition, 70-77; by rever-
sion, 77-82; by comparison, 82-84,
85-93; by contrast, 84-93; by ex-
ample, 93-100; by restatement,
100-106.
Exposition. See under Explanation.
Expressiveness. See under Effective-
ness, Vigor.
Fables, moral in, 263; specimen of,
32. See under Æsop.
Fairy tales, plausibility in, 254; list
of books, 254.
Familiar letters. See under Friendly.
Familiar words, 189-191.
Fiction, reality in, 86-87. See under
Narration.
Figurative and literal words, 196-201.
Figures of rhetoric, 197-201; test of,
197; references on, 197-198; similes,
198; metaphors, 198-199; faults of,
200-201.
First draft of theme, writing of, 41-44,
131-132, 151, 156, 161, 164, 347. See
Preface, passim.
First person in narration, 264-265.
Flaubert, Gustave, 18, 181.
Fletcher, J. B., 248-249.
Flynt, J., 177.
Folding a letter, 218; school manu-
scripts, 349.
Force. See under Effectiveness, Mass,
Vigor.
Foreign words in English, 171–172.
Forms of discourse. See Part III.
Franklin, Benjamin, 28-29, 33, 38, 84-
85, 146, 160, 248, 359.
Example, construction of paragraphs Friendly letters, 232–235.
Exclamation point, rules for, 357-358. Garland, Hamlin, 275-276, 279–281.
Gathering material, 16-27. See under
Gayley, C. M., and Scott, F. N., 198.
General and specific words, 193-196.
Gibbon, Edward, 91.
dent's. See Preface and A Word at
the Start, passim.
Indorsing school manuscripts, 349.
Infinitive, split (or cleft), 135.
Instances. See under Example.
Good usage in words, 167-180. See Interrelation of paragraphs in the
under Usage.
Gore, W. C., 177.
Grammar, suggestions for review,
135, Preface, passim; and sentence
structure, 133-135; as record of good
usage, 168. See under Correctness.
Grant, U. S., 112.
theme. See under Binding.
Interrogation point, rules for, 358.
Interrogative sentences, 143–145.
Introduction, function of, 126-128;
study of, 128; part of letter, 212-
213; in stories, 257-258, 261-263; in
description, 289; in explanation,
126-127; in brief (argument), 340.
Introduction, letter of, 226.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 13, 117, 117- Introductory paragraphs, 126–128.
118, 120-122, 165, 199, 261.
Heading of a letter, 211-212.
Hearing in descriptions, 305-306.
Hearn, Lafcadio, 278–279.
Helps to Study, 21, 29, 56-57, 59, 61-
62, 77, 105, 106, 122, 241-242, 245,
246-247, 276, 277, 278, 336.
Hewett, W. T. S., 322.
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 16.
Holmes, G. C. V., 68-69.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 64-65, 87, 92,
177-178, 198.
Hubbard, Elbert, 62-63.
Hugo, Victor, 91, 125.
Hundred Anecdotes of Animals, 49.
Huntington, T. F., edition of Ancient
Mariner, 44.
Huxley, Thomas H., 87-88.
Hyphen, rules for, 360.
Ideas, association of, 69.
Idioms and slang, 178-179.
Imitation in writing stories, 269.
Imperative sentences, 143-145.
Implication of words, 185-186, 189-191.
Impressions in description. See under
Effects.
Inverted order, 140-141.
Invitations and replies, 230-232.
Irving, Henry, 152, 154.
Irving, Washington, 56, 261, 276–277,
302.
Issue, point at (argument), 331-333.
Italics, rules for, 361.
Jerrold, D. W., 145.
Johnson, Samuel, 111-112, 159-160,
291-292.
Johnston, Mary, 80.
Junction, of paragraphs, 116-120; of
sentences, 113-116; of parts of sen-
tence, 141-142. See under Binding,
Coherence.
Keats, John, 199, 200, 307.
Kinds of sentences, 143-157.
Kinds of writing, the four, 207-208.
See under Narration, Description,
Explanation, and Argument.
Kipling, Rudyard, 61, 91, 198, 245–246,
301, 319-320.
Koopman, H. L., 26.
Incidents, order of, 247-248. See un- Landor, Walter Savage, 91.
Indentation, of paragraph, 52, 53-56;
of speeches in stories, 55-56; in
school manuscripts, 348.
Individuality, development of stu-
Language. See under English.
Law, technical words in, 174.
Leaders, use of, 361.
Legibility in school manuscripts, 348-
349.
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