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Proverbs. .. If better were within, Letter would come out. 2. Jests, like sweetmeats, have often sour sauce. 3. Keep aloof from quarrels ;

150. Two grand objects are to be accomplished by these lessons and exercises: the acquiring a knowledge of the vowel and consonant sounds, and a facility in pronoun-be neither a witness, nor a party. 4. Least said, cing them by means of which, the voice is the soonest mended. 5 Little boats should keep near shore; greater ones may venture more. 6. partially broken, and rendered flexible, as Some are more nice than wise. 7. Make a wrong well as controllable, and the obstacles to a clear and distinct articulation removed: there- step, and down you go. 8. We all live and learn. 9. Riches, (like manure,) do no good, till they are fore, practice much, and dwell on every elespread. 19. Silks and satins often put out the mentary sound, taking the letters separately, kitchen fire. 11. Some-would go to the devil, if and then combining them into syllables, they had authority for it. 12. Love virtue, and

words and sentences.

151. Two of the three sounds of X: first, name sound; or ks, when at the end of accented syllables, and often when it precedes them; if followed by an abrupt consonant. AXE: the cox-comb ex- [X in AXE.] pe-ri-en-ces the lux-u-ry of ex-pa-ti-a-ting on the ex-plo-sion of his ex-ces-sive ex-al-ta-tion of the bux-om fair sex; being anx-ious to ex-plain the or-tho-dox-y and het-o-dox-y of Ex-ag-o-nus, the ex-pos-i-ter ex-po-ses the ex-ploit, of ex-pect-ing to ex-plain how to ex-crete ex-cel-lent texts by ex-cru-ci-a-ting the wax of the ex-cheq-uer.

152. A good articulation-consists in givIng to every letter in a syllable, its due proportion of sound, according to the best pronunciation; and, in making such a distinction between the syllables, of which words are composed, as that the ear, without difficulty, shall acknowledge their number, and perceive, at once, to which syllable each letter belongs. When these things are not observed, the articulation is in that proportion, defective: the great object is—to articulate so well, that the hearer can perfectly understand what is read or spoken, without being obliged to have recourse to a painful attention. A good articulation is the foundation of good delivery: as the sounding of the musical notes with exactness, the foundation of good singing.

153. Play upon Xes. Charles X. x-king of France, was xtravagantly xtolled, but is xceedingly xecrated. He xperienced xtraordinary xcellence in xigencies; he was xcellent in xternals, but xtrinsic in xtacy; he was xtatic in xpression, xtreme in xcitement, and xtraordinary in xtempore xpression. He was xpatriated for his xcesses, and, to xpiate his xtravagance, was xcluded, and xpired in xpulsion.

Notes. 1. To produce this diphthongal aspirate sound, whisper the word kiss, and then repeat it, and leave out the i; k'ss: one of the most unpleasant sounds in our language. 2. Since the word diphthong merely signifies a double sound, there is no impropriety in calling double consonants, diphthongs, as we do certain vowels. 8. All critical skill 'n the sound of language, has its foun. dation in the practical knowledge of the nature and properties of these elements: remember this and apply yourself accordingly. In all cases, get the proper sounds of letters, as given in the key-eds, or first examples.

To err- is human, to forgive-divine.

abhor vice. 13. Good counsel has no prue.

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Anecdote. Matrimony. A father, wishing to dissuade his daughter from all thoughts of matrimony, quoted the words: She who marries, doeth well; but she who marries not, doeth better." The daughter, meekly replied, "Father, I am content to do well; let those do better, who can."

Boundaries of Knowledge. Human reason-very properly refuses to give its assent to any thing, but in proportion as it sees how that thing is, or is done. Now, which are attended with their difficulties. there are three directions-in natural science, The astronomer-sees-and feels a difficulty-in getting from the solar system—to the universe; the chemist, in proceeding from matter to its mysterious essence; and the physiologist, in advancing from the body-to the soul; three kingdoms of knowledge-bordering on kingdoms-unknown to natural science. Without reason, man could never become elevated above his senses, and, consequently, could not become a rational and intellectual being, and, of course, not MAN, in the true sense of the term. But our minds are so constituted, that after hav. ing traversed the material creation, and perceived, scientifically, the very boundaries of matter, where it is adjoined by spirit, it can elevate itself, by a power, constantly given by God, to the lower boundaries of spirit, where it touches upon matter, and then, by its derived powers, ascend step by step, to the great I AM; whom to know aright, and whom to love supremely, is the chief good of man.

Varieties. 1. When man sins, angels WEEP, and devils REJOICE. 2. True politeness, springs from the heart. 3. What is that, which makes every body sick, except those who swallow it? Flattery. 4. Science has no enemy, but ignorance. 5. Be not too brief in conversation, lest you be not understood; nor too diffuse, lest you be troublesome. 6. Simplicity, and modesty, are among the most engaging qualities of every superior mind. 7. We live in two worlds a natural and a spiritual one.

I would never kneel at a gilde: shrine,
To worship the idol-gold;

I would never fetter this heart of mine,

As a thing-for fortune sold:

But I'd bow-to the light th': God hath given,
The nobler light—of mind;

The only light, save that of Heaven,

That should free-will homage find.

Proverbs. 1. If you would lend a man money, and make him your enemy, ask him for it again. 2. He that goes a borrowing, goes a sorrowing. 3. The innocent-often suffer through the indolence and negligence of others. 4. Two o a trade seldom agree. 5. When the Lord revives his work, the Devil revives hie.

154. Reading-should be a perfect fac-| simile of correct speaking; and both exact copies of real life: hence, read just as you would naturally speak on the same subject, and under similar circumstances: so, that if any one should hear you, without seeing you, he could not tell whether you were reading or speaking. Remember that nothing is de-swells in prosperity, will shrink in adversity. 7. It is human to err; but diabolical to persevere in nied to industry and perseverance; and that error. 8. For a cure of ambition, go in the churchnothing valuable can be obtained without

them.

155. The second sound of X is that of gz; generally, when it immediately precedes the accent, and is followed by a vowel sound, or the letter h, in words of two or more syllables; EXIST; the ex- [X in EXIST.] hor-ter is ex-haust-ed by his ex-u-ber-ant exor-di-um, and desires to be ex-on-er-a-ted from ex-am-in-ing the ux-o-ri-ous ex-ec-utive; an ex-act ex-am-in-a-tion into the ex-agger-a-tions of the aux-il-li-a-ries ex-hib-its a lux-u-ri-ant ex-ile, who ex-ist-ed an ex-ot-ic in ex-em-pla-ry ex-al-ta-tion.

156. The letters o, and e, in to and the, are long, before vowels, but abbreviated before consonants, (unless emphatic,) to prevent a hiatus. Th' man took the instrument and began t' play th' tune, when th' guests were ready to eat. I have written to Obadiah t' send me some of th' wheat, that was brought in th' ship Omar, and which grew on th' land belonging t' th' family of the Ashlands. Are you going from town? No I am going to town. Th' vessel is insured to, at and from

London.

Notes. 1. To make this diphthongal vocal sound, close the teeth as if to give the sound of C, and then bring into contact the

posteriors, or the roots of the tongue, and back parts of the throat, and pronounce the imaginary word guz, several times; then omit the u, and pronounce the g, z, by themselves: g-z. 2. For the 3d

sound of X, see the third sound of C. 3. These elemental sounds was the favorite study among the ancients, of the greatest ability. 157. Sight Reading. To become a good reader, and a reader at sight, one must always let the eyes precede the voice a number of words; so that the mind shall have time, clearly, and distinctly, to conceive the ideas to be communicated; and also feel their influence: this will give full play to the thoughts, as well as impart power from the affectuous part of the mind, to the body, for producing the action, and co-operation, of the right muscles and organs to manufacture the sounds and words. In walking, it is always best to see where we are about to step; it is equally so in reading, when the voice walks. Indeed, by practice, a person will be able to take in a line or two, in anticipation of the ocal effort: always look before you leap. The high, the mountain-majesty-of worthShould be, and shall, survive its woe; And, from its immortality,-look forthIn the sun's face,-like yonder Alpine snow, Imperishably pure-beyond all things below

6. He that

yard, and read the gravestones. 9. Better get in

the right path late, than never. 10. A real friend -is discerned in a trying case. 11. Every one can acquire a right character. 12. Two wrongs-don't make a right.

Anecdote. Zero-was told, that it was disreputable for a philosopher to be in love. "If that were true," said the wise man, "the fair sex are indeed to be pitied; for they would then receive.the attention of fools alone."

tends to discompose or agitate the mind, Mental Violence. Everything which whether it be excessive sorrow, rage or fear, envy, or revenge, love or despair-in short, whatever acts violently on our mental faculties-tends to injure the health.

Varieties. 1. Washington-was born Feb. 22d, 1732, and died Dec. 14th, 1799; how old was he? 2. We cannot love those, whom we do not respect. 3. Order is the same in the world, in man, and in the church; and man is an epitome of all the principles of order. 4. In factions, the most The good man has God in his heart, when ignorant are always the most violent. 5. he is not in his mouth: but the hypocrite has God in his mouth, without having him in his heart. 6. It is some hope of good. ness, not to grow worse; but it is a part of badness, not to grow better. 7. Why should we seek that love, that cannot profit us, or fear-that malice, that cannot hurt us?

WARREN'S ADDRESS AT THE BUNKER HILL BATTLE

STAND! the ground's your own, my braves
Will ye give it up to slaves?
Will ye look for greener graves?

Hope ye mercy still?
What's the mercy despots feel!
Hear it-in that battle peal!
Read it on yon bristling steel!

Ask it-ye who will.
Fear ye foes who kill for hire?
Will ye to your homes retire?
Look behind you! they're afire!

And before you, see
Who have done it!-From the vais
On they come !—and will ye quail?
Leaden rain and iron kail
Let their welcome be !

In the God of battles trust!
Die we may-and die we must :-
But, O' where-can dust-to dust
Be consigned so well,

As where heaven--its dews shall shea
On the martyr'd patriot's bed,
And the rocks shall raise their head,

Of his deeds to tell!

[PIERPONT.

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the thing. 2. You cannot quench fire with tow. 3. There is no general rule without exceptions. 4. Happiness-is not in a cottage, nor in a palace, nor in riches, nor in poverty, nor in learning, nor in ignorance, nor in active, nor in passive life; but in doing right, from right motives. 5. Good intention—is not reformation. 6. It is self-conceit,

158. An accurate knowledge of these ele- Proverbs. 1. The shorter answer-is doing mentary sounds, which constitute our vocal alphabet, and the exact co-operation of the appropriate organs to give them truly, are essential to the attainment of a good and efficient elocution. Therefore, be resolved to understand them thoroughly; and, in your various efforts to accomplish this important object, give precision and full force to every sound, and practice faithfully, and often, the difficult and rapid changes of the vocal powers, required by the enunciation of a quick

succession of the muscle-breakers.

that makes a man obstinate. 7. To cure a fit of

passion, walk out in the open air. 8. Idle men are dead, all their lives long. 9. If you would know the value of money, earn it. 10. Hearts may agree, tho' heads-differ. 11. Beware of

Airting and coquetry. 12. There is no place like home. 13. He that is warm, thinks others so.

Anecdote. A Vain Mother. As a lady -was viewing herself in a looking-glass, she said to her daughter: "What would you give to be as handsome as I am?" Just as much, (replied the daughter,) as you would, to be as young as I am."

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The Poor. How few, even of professing

159. The sound of Y, when a consonant; YE: the year-ling youngster, yelled for the yel-low yolk, yes-ter-night, and yearn-ed in the yard o-ver the year-book till he yex'd: the yoke yields to your [Y in YE.] yeur-ling, which yearns for the yar-row in the yawls; you yerk'd your yeast from the yawn-ing yeo-man yes-ter-day, and yet your-christians, are aware of the pleasure, arising self, of yore, yea, tho' young, yearn-ed over the yes-ty yawn: Mr. Yew, did you say, or did you not say, what I said you said? because Mr. Yewyaw said you never said what I said you said: now, if you say that you did not say, what I said you said, then pray what did you say?

from contributing to the support of the poor! Is it not more blessed to give-than to receive? But there are alms for the mind-as well as for the body. If we duly considered our relations, and our destinies, instead of giving grudgingly, or wanting to be called upon, we should go out in search of the des 160. The first step to improvement is, to titute and ignorant, and feel that we were perawaken the desire of improvement: whatev-forming the most acceptable service to God, er interests the heart, and excites the imagination, will do this. The second is a clear and distinct classification of the principles, on which an art is based, and an exact expression of them, in accordance with this classification; indeed, all the arts and sciences should be seen in definite delineations, thro' a language which cannot well be misunderstood.

while sharing the gifts of his providence with our fellow-beings, who are as precious in his sight-as we fancy ourselves to be: for he does not regard any from their external situ ation, but altogether from their internal state.

Varieties. 1. American independence→ was acknowledged by Great Britain, Jan. 19, 1783; and the treaty of Ghent signed, Dec. 24, 1814. 2. Never do an act, of 161. Irregulars. E, I, J, and U, occa- which you doubt the justice. 3. Nothing sionally have this sound; Eu-rope al-ien-ates can be a real blessing, or curse, to the soul, the con-spic-u-ous cult-ure of her na-jads, 4. Let every man be the champion of right. that is not made its own by appropriation. and, like a dis-guised creature, eu-lo-gi-ses 5. How sharper-than a serpent's tooth it is her ju-nior court-iers for their brilliant gen- to have a thankless child. 6. All science has ius: the virt-u-ous christ-ian sold-ier, in spirits foundation in experience. 7. Happy are it-u-al un-ion with the mill-ions of Nat-ure, the miseries that end in joy; and blessed are shouts with eu-cha-ris-tic grand-eur, eu-pho- the joys, that have no end. ni-ous hal-le-lu-jahs, which are fa-mil-iar-ly Ay, I have planned full many a sanguine scheme read, throughout the volume of the U-ni- of earthly happiness;

verse.

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And it is hard
To feel the hand of death-arrest one's steps,
Throw a chill blight-on all one's budding hopes
And hurl one's soul, untimely, to the shades,
Lost in the gaping gulf of blank oblivion.

Notes. To give this vocal sound, nearly close the teeth, it the lips turned out as in making long e, (see engraving,) and drawlingly pronounce the word yet, protracting the sound of the y thus, yet; yon. 2. For the two other sounds of y, see the two sounds of i; rhyne, hymn; isle, ile. 3. Yis a consonant at the beginning of a word or syllable, except in y-clad, (e-clad,) y-Fifty years hence, and who will think of Henry! slept, (e-clopt) 'yt-ri-a, (it-ri-a,) Yp-si-lan-ti, (Ip-si-lan-ti,) the name Oh, none!-another busy brood of beings of a two in Michigan. 4. In prod-uce, u has its name sound; Will shoot up in the interim, and none and n volume, it has this con-so-nant sound of y preceding it;

In the first, it is preceded by an abrupt element: in the second, by Will hold him in remembrance.—

an open one.

If I could find some cave unknown,
Where human feet have never trod,
Even there-I could not be alone,

On every side-there would be God

I shall sink,

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162. Many consider elocution merely as an Proverbs. 1. Humility -ga ns more than accomplishment and that a desultory, in-pride. 2. Never be weary in well-doing. 3. Exstead of a systematic attention, is all that is pect nothing of those who promise a great deal. necessary. A regular, scientific and progres-4. Grieving for misfortunes, is adding gall to sive course, in this as well as every thing else, is the only correct, effectual, and rapid mode of proceeding. If improvement be the object, whether we devote little, or much attention, to a pursuit, be it mental or manual, system and method are absolutely essential: order is heaven's first, and lust law.

mormwood. 5. He, who would catch fisk, must not mind getting wet. 6 He that by the plow would thrive, must either hold, himself, or drive. 7. Idleness — is the greatest prodigality in the world. 8. If the counsel be good, no matter wh gave it. 9. Occupation-cures one half of ́ife" troubles, and mitigates the other. 10. We bear no afflictions so patiently as those of thers. 11.

163. One of the three sounds of Ch; Let Nature have her perfect work. 12. Soft

hands, and soft brains, generally go together.

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To speak of Howard, the philanthropist, without calling to mind the eloquent eulo gium, in which Burke has embalmed his memory, would be as impossible-as it would be to read that eulogium without owning that human virtue never received a more illustrious manifestation." "Howard," said the was a man, who traversed foreign of palaces, or the stateliness of temples; not countries, not to survey the sumptuousness to make accurate measurements of the remains of ancient grandeur, nor to form a scale of the curiosity of modern art; not to collect medals, or manuscripts; but, to dive into the depths of dungeons; to plunge in the infection of hospitals; to survey the mansions of sorrow and pain; to take the

which may be represented by tch: CHANGE; the cheat choked a child for choosing to chop a chump of chives for the arch-deacon of Green-wich: a chap chased a [CH in CHIP.] chick-en into the church, and the churl-ish chap-lain check'd it for char-i-ty; the Sachem of Wool-wich, chuck-led over the urchin's chit-chat, and snatched his rich peach-orator, es, and pinch'd them to chow-der; the chief of Nor-wich, charm'd by the chaunt-ing of the chirping chough, chafed his chil-ly chin by touch-ing it on the chal-ky chim-ney: three chub-by chil-dren, in Richfield, were each choked with choice chunks of cheese, much of which Sancho Panza purchased of Charles Chickering on Chimborazo. 164. In all cases of producing sounds, ob-guage and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt; to remember the forsaken; serve the different positions of the organs, and to compare and collate the distresses of and remember, that the running through with all men, under all climes." In the prosethe forty-four sounds of our language, is cution of this god-like work, Howard made like running up the keys of an instrument," a voyage of discovery, a circumnavigation to see if all is right: be satisfied with nothing, of charity," and at last-fell a victim to his short of a complete mastery over the whole humanity; for, in administering medicine to subject. Be very particular in converting all some poor wretches in the hospital at Cherthe breath that escapes into sound, when rea- son, in the Crimea, he caught a malignant ding or singing; and remember, that the fever, and died in the glorious work of bene purer the sound, the easier it may be made; volence. Thus fell the man who— the less will be the injury to the vocal organs, the farther it will be heard, and with the more pleasure will it be listened to. Do not forget the end, the cause, and the effect. Varieties. 1. To promote an unworthy Notes. 1. To produce this most unpleasant triphthongal person-disgraces humanity. 2. Read not sound in our language, close the teeth, and, as you suddenly separ-books alone, but men; and, especially, thyate them, whisper chu, (u short,) and you will accomplish the object. 2. In drachm, the ch, are silent. 3. Always try to improve the sounds as well as your voice. 4. Quinctilian says, in recommending a close attention to the study of the simple elements, "whoever will enter into the inmost recesses of this sacred edifice, will find many things, not only proper to sharpen the ingenuity of

children, but able to exercise the most profound erudition, and the deepest science:" indeed, they are the fountains in the science of

Jound and vocal modulation.

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"Girding creation-in one warm embrace,
Outstretch'd his savior-arm-from pole to pole,
And felt akin to all the human race."

6.

self. 3. The human mind is a mirror-of
the incomprehensible Divinity. 4. No one
need despair of being happy. 5. The rea
is because their desires want reason.
son, that many persons want their desires,
Passions-act as wind, to propel our vessel;
and our reason-is the pilot that steers her:
without the wind, we could not move, and
without the pilot, we should be lost. 7.
The more genuine-the truths are, which
we receive, the purer will be the good, that
is found in the life; if the truths are applied
to their real and proper uses.

What, then, remains, but well our power to use,
And keep good humor still, whate'er we lose?
And trust me, dear, good humor can prevail,

When airs, and flights, and screams, and scolding- fail s
Beauties-in vain, their pretty eyes may roll;
Charms strike the sight but merit-wins the soul.

165. Vowel sounds are all formed in the Proverbs. 1. Youth-indulges in hope; old LARYNX; and, on their emission, the articu-age-in remembrance. 2. One half of the world lating organs modify them into words. delights in uttering slander, and the other-in These words constitute language, which is hearing it. 3. Virtue-is the only true nobility. used, by common consent, as signs of ideas; 4. To bless, is to be bless'd. 5. P easures-are or as mediums for the manifestation of rendered bitter, by being abused. 6. Quarrels— would not last long, if the faults all lay on one thought and feeling: it may be written, or side. 7. True merit-is dependent, neither on spoken; and the natural results are-books, season, nor on fashion. 8. Hypocrisy is the papers and conversation: by means of which, homage, which vice-renders to virtue. 9. The the conceptions and affections of human law-imposes on no one impossibilities. 10. Conminds are made known and perpetuated. tempt of injuries, is proof of a great mind. 11. What! hope for honey from a nest of wasps? 12. Shall we creep like snails, or fly like eagles?

166. Th have two sounds; first a lisping sound; THIN: a thief thirsteth for the path of death, and win-keth at his thank-less thefts, as the a-the-ist doth of the-o-ret-cal truth; forth-with the thrift- [TH in THIN.] less throng, threw thongs over the mouth of Frith of Fourth, and thwar-ted the wrath of the thril-ling thun-der; faith, quoth the youth, to the Pro-thon-o-ta-ry, the bath is my berth, the hearth is my cloth, and the heath is my throne.

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Anecdote. A stranger-went into a church-yard, where two children were set. ting out flowers on some graves. "Whose graves are these?" said he. Father, mother, and little Johnny lie here." "Why do you set the flowers here?" said the stranger. They looked at him with tears, and said— "We do love them so."

Human ambition and human policy-labor after happiness in vain;-goodness-is the only foundation to build on. The wisdom observation confirms it;—and all the world of past ages-declares this truth;-our own few-are willing to act upon it! If the inacknowledge it; yet how few, how very

167. Ventriloquism. In analyzing the sounds of our letters, and practicing them upon different pitches, and with different qualities of voice, the author ascertained that this amusing art can be acquired and prac-ordinate love of wealth-and parade-be not ticed, by almost any one of common organization. It has been generally supposed that ventriloquists possessed a different set of organs from most people; or, at least, that they were differently constituted; but this is altogether a misapprehension: as well might we say that the singer is differently constituted from one who does not sing. They have the same organs, but one has better command of them than the other. It is not asserted that all can become equally eminent in these arts; for there will be at least, three grand divisions; viz, good, BETTER and BEST.

168. The Thistle Sifter. Theophilus Thistle, the successful thistle sifter, in sifting a sieve full of unsifted thistles, thrust three thousand thistles thro' the thick of his thumb: if then Theophilus Thistle, the successful thistle sifter, in sifting a sieve full of unsifted thistles, thrust three thousand thistles thro' the thick of his thumb; see that thou, in sifting a sieve full of unsifted thistles, dost not thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of thy thumb: success to the successful thistle sifter, who doth not get the thistles in his tongue.

Notes. 1. To make this lisping diphthongal sound, press the tongue against the upper front teeth, and let the breath pass between them: or pronounce the word path, and dwell on the th sound; see engraving. 2. To avoid lisping, draw the tongue back so as not to touch the teeth, and take words beginning with s, or st; see the first sound of C for examples. 3. Why should this sound be called sharp, rather than dull? 4. Exactness in articulating every vocal letter, is more important thar correct spelling in composi Mon; for the for her is addressed to hundreds at the same instant, while the latter subm.tted to one or a few at a time.

checked among us, it will be the ruin of our country as it has been, and will be, the ruin of thousands of others. But there are always two sides to a question. If it is pernicious -to make money and style-the and wrong-to foster prejudice against the standard of respectability,-it is injurious— wealth-have different temptations; but they wealthy and fashionable. Poverty-and are equally strong. The rich are tempted to pride-and insolence; the poor-to jeal ousy-and envy. The envious and discontented poor, invariably become haughtyand over-bearing, when they become rich. for selfishness-is equally at the bottom-of these opposite evils.

Varieties. 1. The battle of New Or.
leans, was fought Jan. 8th, 1815. 2. A
flatterer, is the shadow of a fool. 3. You
cannot truly love, and ought not to be loved,
if you ask
5. Do men exert a greater influence on so-
any thing, that virtue condemns.
ciety than women? 5. Self-exaltation, is the
worst posture of the spirit. 6. A principle
of unity, without a subject of unity, cannot
exist. 7. Where is the wisdom, in saying to
a child, be a man? Attempt not what God
cannot countenance; but wait, and all things
will be brought forth in their due season.

Deceit ! thy reign is short: Hypocrisy,
However gaily dress'd-in specious garb,
In witching eloquence, or winning smiles,
Allures-but for a time: Truth-lifts the veil,
She lights her torch, and places it on high,
To spread intelligence-to all around.
How shrinks the fawning slave-hypocrisy-
Then, when the specious veil-is rent in twain,
Which screen'd the hideous monster-rom our vi

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