132. Be perfectly distinct in your articu- Proverbs. 1. A miss, is as good as a mile. fation, or you cannot become an easy, grace-2. A man is a lion in his own cause 3. He that ful, effective and natural elocutionist; there- has too many irons in the fire, will find that some fore, practice on the vowels and consonants, of them will be apt to burn. 4. It is not an art to as here recommended, separately and com- play; but it is a very good art to leave off play bined. If your utterance is rapid, and indis-5. Beyond the truth, there is nothing but error; 6. He, who tinct, your reading and speaking, will not and beyond error, there is madness be listened to with much pleasure, or profit. 7. The burnt child dreads the fire. 8. When one deals with a blockhead, has need of much brains. A hint to those who would be wise, is suf-will not, two cannot quarrel. 9. Words from the ficient. 133. The second sound of N, is that of Ng, before hard g, and often before hard c, k and q under the accent. BANK; con-gress conquers the strang-ling don-key, shrunk shanks. mouth, die in the ears; but words from the heart -stay there. 11. Young folks-think old folks fools; but old folks know that young ones are. 11. First know what is to be done, then do it. 12. The tongue, without the heart, speaks an unknown tongue. 13. Remember the reckoning. and sanc-tions the lank con-clave [N in BANK.) The three essentials-of every exist in punc-til-ious con-course: the san-guine ence are an inmost, a middle and an outmost: un-cle, anx-ious to ling-er much long-er i. e. an end, a cause, and an effect: the end among the tink-ling in-gots, jin-gles his rin-is the inmost, the cause is the middle, and kled fin-ger over the lin-guist's an-gu-lar the effect the outmost, or ultimate. Ex. Man is one existence, and yet consists of a soul, or inmost principle, a body, or middle ciple. In his soul are ends, or motives to principle, and an activity, or ultimate prinaction; in his body are causes, or ways and means of action; and in his life are effects, or actions themselves: if either were want 134. The common mode of teaching elocution is considered the true one, because it has been so long admitted and practiced the old have become familiar with it, and follow it from habit, as their predecessors did; and the rising generation receive it on trusting, he could not be a man: for, take away thus, they pass on, striving to keep each other in countenance: hence it is, that most of our bad habits, in this important art, are born in the primary school, brought up in the academy, and graduated in the college; if we proceed so far in our education. Is not an entire revolution necessary. and without action—that willing and understanding would be of no use. his soul, and his body would die for want of a first principle to live from; take away his body, and his soul could not act in the natural world, for want of a suitably organized instrument; take away his life, or the activity of his body from his soul, and both soul and body would cease to exist for lack of exercise. In other words, MAN consists 135. Irregulars. Ng have generally this of will, or inmost; understanding, or intersound. In cultivating and strength-en-ing mediate; and activity, or ultimate. It is the un-der-stand-ing, by stud-y-ing, read-ing, evident, that without willing, his underwri-ting, cy-pher-ing, and speak-ing, I am standing would never think, and devise think-ing of con-tend-ing for go-ing to sing- means of acting; and without understanding meet-ing; in re-lin-quish-ing your stand-ing, his will-could not effect its purpose; ing in the crisp-ing fry-ing pan, by jump-ing o-ver the wind-ing rail-ing, you may be sailing on the boil-ing o-cean, where the limp-ing her-rings are skip-ping, and danc-ing, around some-thing that is laugh-ing and cry-ing, sleep-ing and wa-king, lov-ing and smi-ling. Notes. 1. This nasal diphthongal vocal consonant sound, may be made by drawing the tongue back, closing the passage from the throat into the mouth, and directing the sound through the nose; as in giving the name sound of N; it can be distinctly perceived by prolonging, or singing the ng sound in the word sing. 2. If the accent be on the syllable beginning with g and chard, and à, aad q, the n may take its name sound; as, con-grat-u-late, con-cur, con-clude, &c. 3. The three sounds of m and n, are the continuous: the 1st, 3d, and 4th of c; the 2nd of f, the third of g, l, m, n, r, &c. are examples; others are abrupt or discrete; as, b, d, p, k, t, &c.: so we have continuous sounds, (the long ones,) and abrupt or discrete ones, (the short.) only nasal ones in our language. 4. Some consonant sounds are Varieties. 1. The thief-is sorry he is to be punished, but not that he is a thief. 2. Some-are atheists-only in fair weather. 3. Is the casket-more valuable than the that flows slowly on; yet it undermines evjewel it contains? 4. Indolence-is a stream ery virtue. 5. All outward existence-is only the shadow of that, which is truly real; because its very correspondence. 6. Should we act from policy or from principle? 7. The prayer of the memory is a reflected light, like that of the moon; that of the understanding alone, is as the light of the sun in winter; but that of the heart, like the ligh and heat united, as in spring or summ r; and so also, is all discourse from them., and all worship. THE FLIGHT OF YEARS. Gone! gone forever !-Like a rushing wave 136. In ancient Rome, an orator's education began in infancy; so should it be now; the seeds of eloquence may be sown, when the child is on the maternal bosom; the voice should be developed with the mind. If the child has good examples set him, in reading and speaking, and the youth is attentive to his every day language, and is careful to improve his mind and voice together, he will become a good elocutionist, without scarcely knowing it. Connection and association have as much to do with our manner of speaking, as with our cast of thinking. Proverbs. 1. He, who thinks he knows the most, knows the least. 2. Take every thing as it comes, and make the best of it. 3. Three removes are as bad as a fire. 4. Tread on a worm, and he will turn. 5. Two things we should never be angry at,-what we can, and what we cannot help. 6. When the bow is too much bent, i breaks. 7. A wise man-is a great wonder. 8. wicked man-is his own hell; and his evil luste and passion the fiends that torment him. 9 Blushing—is virtue's color. 10. Evil communi cations corrupt good manners. 11. Gain—is uncertain, but the pain is sure. 12. Never court, unless you intend to marry. 137. P has but one sound: PAP; Amusements. Ever since the fall, pale, par, pall, pap; peep, pet; mankind have been prone to extremes; not pipe, pip; pope, pool, pop; only the religious, but the irreligious porpule, pup, puss; point, pound; tion of the world. It is greatly to be regretpeo-ple put pep-per in pep-perted, that we are all so much at the mercy box-es, ap-ple-pies in cup- [P in PAP.] of passion and prejudice, and so little-unboards, and whap-ping pap-poo-ses in wrap- telligence. der the guiding influence of reason and inIn our creation, the Divine pers; the hap-py pi-per placed his peer-less Being-has manifested infinite love and inpup-py in Pom-pey's slop-shop, to be pur-finite wisdom: for we are made in chased for a peck of pap-py pip-pins, or a pound of pul-ver-iz-ed pop-pies; a paddy picked a peck of pick-led pep-pers, and put them on a broad brimed pew-ter plat-ter. 138. MUSCLE BRFAKERS. Peter Prickle Prandle picked three pecks of prickly pears, from three prickly prangly pear trees: if then, Peter Prickle Prandle, picked three pecks of prickly pears from three prickly prangly pear trees; where are the three pecks of prickly pears, that Peter Prickle Prandle picked, from the three prickly prangly pear trees? Success to the successful prickly prangly pear picker. Notes. 1. To give this aspirate labial, whisper the word pugh, (u short,) or pop out the candle; see the engraving: it is all of the word up, except the u: but the sound is not finished till the lips are separated, or the remaining breath exhaled: remember the remarks in reference to other abrupt elements. 2. The principal difference between b and p is, that b is a vocal, and p, only a breath sound. P, H, T, are called, by some, sharp mutes; and B G, D, flat mutes. 3. Germans find it difficult to pronounce certain vocal consonants at the ends of words, tho' correctly at the beginning: hence, instead of saying dog, mad, pod, &c. they say, at first, dok, mat, pot, &c. 4. In pronouncing m, and t together, p is very apt to intervene ; as in Pam-ton &c. 5. P is silent in psal-ter, ism, etc. 66 HIS IMAGE and LIKENESS; the former, we still retain, but the latter, sad to relate, we have lost. The will, or voluntary principle of the mind, constitutes our impelling power, and the understanding, or reasoning faculties, under the light of truth, is our governing power: if, therefore, we find ourselves loving what is not good and true, our rationality, enlightened by wisdom, must be our guide. Hence, our rule is this; whatever amusements-tend to fit us for our various duties, and give us zest in faithfully performing them, are perfectly proper; but, amusements, whose tendency is the reverse of this, are entirely improper; and we should not hesitate a moment in abstaining from them, however they may be approved by others, or sanctioned by long usage: we must never compromise the interests of eternity for those transitory enjoyments of time and sense, which are at variance with Both the principles of truth and goodness. worlds are best taken care of, when they are cared for together, and each has its attention, according to its importance. Varieties. 1. There are some, who live pshaw, pneu-mat-ics, Ptol-e-my, Psy-che, rasp-ber-ry, (3d a,) corps to eat and drink; and there are others, (o long,) re-ceipt, etc. 6. Not debths, but depths; not clab-board, who eat and drink, to live. 2. The perfec but clap-board; not Ja-cop, but Ja-cob; not bal-tism, but baption of art is to conceal the art: i. e. to be Anecdote. A Check. Soon after the attle of Leipsic, a wit observed," Bonafart must now be in funds; for he has received a check on the bank of the Elbe." Hidden, and deep, and never dry, A living spring of love-doth lie In every human breast. All else-may fail, th't soothes the heart, With that, and life, we never part ; He seemed For dignity composed,-and high exploit ; the thing, instead of its representative. 3. Suspicion-always haunts the grailty mind; 139. Written language consists of letters, Proverbs. 1. He that is ill to himself, will and, consequently, is more durable than spo- be good to nobody. 2. The remedy-is worse than ken language, which is composed of articu- the disease. 3. Who is so deaf, as he that will late sounds. Our written alphabet contains not hear? 4. All vice infatuates and corrupts the twenty-six letters, which make syllables and judgment. 5. A fool, may, by chance, put somewords; words make sentences; sentences thing into a wise man's head. 6. After praying paragraphs, which make sections and chapto God, not to lead you into temptation, do not ters; these constitute an essay, discourse, ad- throw yourself into it. 7. Evil gotten, evil spent. dress, oration, poem, dissertation, tract or knows many things, is the wise man. 9. He8. He, that knows useful things, and not he that book: but our vocal alphabet has forty-four preaches well, that lives well. 10. It is always letters, or sounds, which make up the whole term time in the court of conscience. 11. We may of spoken language. be ashamed of our pride, but not proud of our faith. 13. Stolen waters are sweet. 140. R has two sounds; first, its name shame. 12. Historical faith-precedes saving Bound; ARM; the bar-bers were, in former years, the ar-bi-ters of The True Christian Character. The the mur-der-ers of their fore-fathree essentials of a christian-are-a good thers. the Tar-tars are gar-blers will-flowing through a true understanding, of hard-ware and per-ver-ters of into a uniform life of justice and judgment. She er-rors of North-ern-ers and [R in ARM.] It is not enough, that we mean well, or South-ern-ers; the far-mers are dire search-intention is powerless, without truth to know our duty, or try to do right; for good ers after burnt ar-bors, and store the corners of their lar-ders with di-vers sorts of quar-ter dol-lars; Charles Bur-ser goes to the far-ther barn, and gets lar-ger ears of hard corn, for the car-ter's hor-ses. guide it aright; and truth-in the intellect alone, is mere winter-light, without the summer-heat of love to God-and love to man; and blundering efforts to do our duty are poor apologies for virtuous ener 141. Dr. Franklin says, (of the justly cel-gies, well directed and efficiently applied: ebrated Whitfield,) that it would have been tians; i.e. our will, understanding and life, the three alone-can constitute us true chrisfortunate for his reputation, if he had left no must be brought into harmonious and effiwritten works behind him; his talents would cient unity, in order that we may be entitled chen have been estimated by their effects into this high and holy appellation. Things deed, his elocution was almost faultless. must not only be thought of, and desired, But whence did he derive his effective man-purposed, and intended; but they must be ner? We are informed, that he took lessons done, from love to the Lord; that He, as a of Garrick, an eminent tragedian of Eng-principle of goodness, and a principle of land, who was a great master in Nature's truth--may be flowing, constantly, from school of teaching and practicing this useful art. Notes. 1. To make this smooth vocal sound, pronounce the word arm, and dwell on the r sound; and you will perceive that the tongue is turned gently to the roof of the mouth, and at the same time drawn back a little. 2. Avoid omitting this letter, as at never is silent, except it is doubled in the same syllable; not staw-my, but stor-my; not lib-ah-ty, but lib-er-ty; not bust but burst; not waw-um, but warm; not ah-gu-ment, but ar-gu-nent; not hosses, but hor-ses; not hahd-stawm, but hard storm; etc. 3. Re member that short e and i before r, in the same syllable, when accented, sound like short u, unless followed by another r, as mercy, (mer-it,) ser-geant, (ser-rate,) ter-ma-gant, (ter-ror,) mirth-ful, (nir-ror,) ver-ses, (ver-y) (here the r is re-echoed ;) and spirits, &c.: the exceptions are in parentheses: see p. 224. 4. Some words, (where e, i, and r, are peculiarly situated, as above,) have, in their pronunciation, a reverberation, or repetition of the r, although there may be but one in the word; as-very; being followed by Towel. a Anecdote. Who Rules? A schoolmaster, in ancient Rome, declared, that he ruled the world. He was asked to explain: which he did in the following manner. 66 Romerules the world; the women rule those who govern Rome; the children control their mohers, and I rule the children.' So we grew together, the centre-to the circumference of actions. we must practice what we know of the truth; ther's commandments; so as to have his we must live the life of our heavenly Fagoodness and truth implanted in us, nat we may strive to walk before Him, and become perfect. Varieties. 1. A certain apothecary-has over his door, this sign-" All kinds of dying stuff sold here." 2. Does wealth-exert more influence than knowledge? 3. A pretty shepherd, indeed, a wolf would make! 4. At some taverns-madness-is sold by the glass; at others, by the bottle. 5. Sobriety. without sullenness, and mirth wita modesty, are commendable. 6. Even an or dinary composition, well delivered, is better received, and of course does more god, Where order-cannot enter, it cannot exist. than a superior one, badly delivered. 7. What is beauty? Not the show That have their dated hours, To breathe their momentary sweets, then go; Appearances-deceive; And this one maxim-is a standing rule,— 142. Many persons take great pains in their dress, to appear well and receive attention; and so far as personal appearance can exert an influence, they attain their end: but if they would cultivate their language, and the proper way of using it, so as not to deform themselves in reading and conversation, they might accomplish the object at which they aim. 143. The second sound of R, is rough, trilled, or burred; when it comes before vowel sounds in the same syllable: RAIL ROAD; the roa-ring rep-ro-bate re-ver be-rates his ran-cor-ous rib-ald- [R in RAIL.] ry and re-treats from his re-gal throne, to his ri-val rec-re-a-tion in the rook-e-ry: the oppro-bri-ous li-bra-ri-an, rec-re-ant-ly threw the great grid-i-ron among the crock-e-ry with ir-re-proach-a-ble ef-front-e-ry; the re-sults of which were, ro-man-tic dreams, bro-ken ribs, and a hun-dred prime cit-rons for the throng of cry-ing chil-dren: round and round the rug-ged rock the rag-ged ras-cal drags the strong rhi-noc-e-ros, while a rat in a rat-trap ran through the rain on a rail, with a raw lump of red liv-er in its mouth. Proverbs. 1. He, who resolves to amend, has God on his side. 2. Honest men are soon bound; but you can never bind a knave. 3. If the best man's faults were written on his forehead, it would make him pull his hat over his eyes. 4. Life is half spent, before we knew what it is. 5. Of the two evils, choose the least. 6. One bad example spoils many good precepts. 7. Patience is a plaster for all sores. 8. He who serves well-need not be afraid to ask his wages. 9. If you will not hear reason, she will rap you over your knuckles. 10. Prayer-should be the key of the day, and the lock of the right. 11. Foul water will quench fire. 12. From nothing -nothing can come. Anecdote. Spinster. Formerly, it was a maxim, that a young woman should never be married, till she had spun, herself, a full set of linen. Hence, all unmarried women have been called spinsters: an appellation they still retain in certain deeds, and law proceedings; though many are not entitled to it. Mathematics-includes the study of numbers and magnitudes: hence, it is called the science of gravity; and is applicable to all quantities, that can be measured-by a standard unit, and thus expressed by num144. Written language-is used for com- bers and magnitude. Feeling and thought, municating information respecting persons though they vary immensely, cannot be distant from each other, and for transmitting, measured: we cannot say, with strict proto succeeding ages, knowledge, that might priety, that we love one-exactly twice as otherwise be lost, or handed down by erring much as another; nor, that one-is three tradition. Spoken language-is used to con- times as wise as another: because love and vey the thoughts and feelings of those who wisdom are not mathematical quantities: are present, and are speaking, or conversing but we can measure time by seconds, inintogether: the former is, of course, addressedutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, and to our eyes, and the latter, to our ears; each centuries; space by inches, feet, yards, rods, kind having its own particular alphabet, and miles, and motion, by the space passed over in a given time. which must be mastered. Notes. 1. This vocal trilled diphthongal sound, consists of the aspirate sound of h, modified between the end of the tongue and the roof of the mouth, combined with a vocal. 2. Or, make the name sound of r, and mix it with the aspirate, by clapping the tongue against the roof of the mouth; practice prolonging her, or purr in a whisper, trilling the r, then add the voice sound; af Varieties. 1. Was the world crented out of nothing? 2. Fools-draw false con clusions, from just principles: and mad men draw just conclusions, from false prin tiples. 3. The discovery of what is true, and the practice of what is good, are the two terwards prefix the i, and exercise as above. 3. Demosthenes, in most important objects of life. 4. Associa the early part of his career, was reproached for not being able to tions-between persons of opposite tempera pronounce, correctly, the first letter of his favorite art-Rhetoric: i.e. he could not trill it for some time. 4. Give only one trill or ments, can neither be durable, nor producslap of the tongue, unless the sentiment be very animating; astive of real pleasure to either party. 5. Rise-brothers, rise! etc. "Strike! till the last armed foe ex pires." Where grace cannot enter, sin increases and abounds. 6. The spontaneous gifts of 145. Another. The riven rocks are heaven, are of high value; but perseverance rudely rent asunder, and the rifted trees-gains the prize. 7. When the will-berush along the river, while hoa-ry be-re-as rends the robes of spring, and rat-tling thunder roars around the rock-y re-gions: Robert Rowley rolled a round roll round; a round roll, Robert Rowley rolled round; where rolled the round roll, Robert Rowley rolled found! Didst ever see Two gentle vines, each-round the other twined, comes duly resigned to God, in small things, The wretch, condemn'd with life to part, And every pang, that rends his heart, Hope, like the glimmering taper's light, 146. Keep a watchful and jealous eye over common opinions, prejudices and bad school instruction, until the influence of reason, nature and truth, is so far established over the ear and taste, as to obviate the danger of adopting or following, unquestionable errors, and vicious habits of reading and speaking: extended views, a narrow mind extend. To judge righteously of all things, preserve the mind in a state of perfect equilibrium, and let a love of truth and goodness | govern all its decisions and actions. Proverbs. 1. It is easier to praise poverty, than to bear it. 2. Prevention-is better than cure. 3. Learn wisdom by the follies of others. 4. Knowledge, without practice, makes but half an artist. 5. When you want any thing, always ask the price of it. 6. To cure idleness, count the tickings of a clock. 7. It costs more to revenge injuries, than to endure them. 8. Conceited men think nothing can be done without them. 9. He, that kills a man, when he is drunk, must be hung when he is sober. 10. An idle man's head, is the devil's work-shop. 11. God makes, and apparel shapes. 12. Good watch prevents harm. 147. W, has but one consonant The Difference. Two teachers apply sound, and one vowel sound; for a school; one-is ignorant, but offers to WOO; a wan-ton wag, with woteach for twelve dollars a month; the other ful words, be-wail-ed the well -is well qualified for the station, and asks wish-er of the wig-wam; the twenty-five dollars a month. The fathersdwarf dwells in the wea-ry west, [Win WOO.] weigh the souls of their children against where wom-en weave well the warp of life, money, and the twelve dollar teacher is emand win-ter winds wan-der in the wild ployed. A man in search of work asks a swamps, that wail and weep: the wa-ter- farmer, if he does not want to hire a hand? "If I can find one to suit me," the farmer witch, al-ways war-worn in the wax-works, war-bles her watch-word to the weath-er- replies: and then he puts a variety of questions to him; such as,-"Can you mow? wise, and re-wards the wick-ed with weep-reap? chop? cradle? hoe? dress flax? &c." ing, wail-ing and worm-wood. Soon after, another stranger calls, and asks 148. By separating these elements of lan- whether they wish to hire a teacher in their guage, and practicing on them, each by itself, district? But the principal question in this the exact position and effort of the vocal or- case, is-"How much do you ask a month?” gans, may be distinctly observed; and in this Now, just observe the difference-in the way, the true means of increasing and im- catechising of the two applicants. Again, proving the force and quality of every one the father will superintend the hired man, ascertained. Be not discouraged at the and have things so arranged-as not to lose parent mechanical, artificial and constrained a moment's time, and see that nothing goes to waste; but the same watchful parent modes of giving the sounds, and pronoun-will employ a teacher, and put him into cing the words: acquire accuracy, and ease the school, and never go near him. and gracefulness will inevitably follow. ap 149. Irregulars. U has this sound in certain words: the an-guish of the an-ti-quary is as-sua-ged with lan-guid man-sue-tude, for the con-quest over his dis-tin-guish-ed per-sua-sion: the guide dis-gui-ses his assue-tude of per-sua-ding the dis-sua-der. Notes. 1. To produce this sound, shape the mouth and lips as for whistling, and make a voice sound; or, pronounce the word do, and when the o is about to vanish, commence this vocal conso nant, thus, do—was. 2. When w is initial, i. e. begins a word or syllable, it is a consonant; but when it ends one, it is equivalent to 2d o in ooze; new, how, now, pow-er, etc. 3. In sword, two, an. swer, it is silent: w also before r, wrap, wrack, wreath, wrist, wrong, etc. blow, who, knowledge, whom, whose, whole, whoop, 4. Practice changes on w and v, as found under 2d f. 5. He who a watch would wear, two things must do, pocket his watch, and watch his pocket too. etc. Anecdote. A Scold. Foote, a celebrated "Ask for what end-the heavenly bodies shine? 5. To is not obliged to persevere. 2. Ought cir- Great were the hearts, and strong the minds, When, as the auspicicus task was done, Of fifty years have risen, and set ; State after State, a mighty train. |