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hope flattereth the heart of a fool. 8. Moderate

421. TREMOR OF VOICE-resembles the Proverbs. 1. Proud persons have few real. trill in singing, and may be indicated in this friends. 2. Mildness-governs better than anger. manner, ; the voice ranging 3. No hope should influence us to do evil. 4. Few from a quarter of a tone, to several tones. things are impossible to skill and industry. 5. It is made deep in the throat, with a drop- Diligence-is the mistress of success. 6. Conscience ping of the jaw; and when properly used, is never dilatory her warnings. 7. A vain it is very effective and heart-stirring: especially, in the higher kinds of oratory. It speed is a sure help to all proceedings. 9. Liberheightens joy, mirth, rapture, and exulta-ality of knowledge makes no one the poorer. 10. If you endeavor to be honest, you struggle with tion; adds pungency to scorn, contempt, and yourself. sarcasm deepens the notes of sorrow, and enhances those of distress: often witnessed in children, when manifesting their delights. There are several degrees, from the gross to the most refined.

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Names. A man, that should call every thing by its right name, would hardly pass through the streets, without being knocked down as a common enemy.

Varieties. 1. In 1840, there were in the 422. 1. Said Falstaff, of his ragged regi- United States, five hundred and eighty-four ment, "I'll not march through Coventry thousand whites, who could not read or with them, that's flat; no eye hath seen such write; five thousand, seven hundred and scarecrows." Almost every word requires a seventy-three deaf and dumb; five thous kind of chuckle, especially the italic ones; and and twenty-four blind; fourteen thousand by making a motion with the chin, up and five hundred and eight insane, or idiots, and down, the shake of the voice will corres- and two millions four hundred and eightypond to the sign, 2. In seven thousand slaves. 2. As our populathis example we have an instance of a refin- tion increases thirty-four per cent. in ten ed tremor of voice; but the right feeling is ne-years, at this rate, in 1850, our seventeen cessary to produce it naturally. Queen Cath- millions will be twenty-two millions: in arine said, in commending her daughter to 1860, thirty millions; and in 1900, ninetyHenry, And a little to love her, for her moth-five millions. 3. The regular increase of the er's sake: who loved him-heaven knows N. E. states is fourteen per cent; of the midhow dearly." The coloring matter of the dle states twenty-five per cent.; of the south, voice is feeling-passion, which gives rise to ern twenty-two per cent.; and of the westthe qualities of voice; thus, we employ ern-sixty-eight per cent. 4. Many persons harsh tones in speaking of what we disap-are more anxious to know who Melchisedec prove, and euphoneous ones in describing the was, or what was Paul's thorn in the flesh, objects of love, complacency, admiration, &c. than to know what they shall do to be saved 423. In extemporaneous speaking, or 5. To cure anger, sip of a glass of water, till speaking from manuscript, (i. e. making it the fit goes off. 6. An infallible remedy for talk,) when the speaker is under the influ- anxiety-"cast thy burden upon the Lord ence of strong passion, the voice is apt to be and he shall sustain thee." carried to the higher pitches: how shall he regain his medium pitch? by changing the passion to one requiring low notes; thus, the surface of his flow of voice, will present the appearance of a country with mountains, hills, and dales. Elocution-relates more to the words and thoughts of others; oratory to our own. To become a good reader and speaker, one must be perfect in elocution, which relates to words: in logic, which relates to thoughts; and in rhetoric, which appertains to the affections: thus involving ends, causes, and effects.

Anecdote. Aged Gallantry. A gallant old gentleman, by the name of Page, who was something of a rhymester, finding a lady's glove at a watering-place, presented it to her, with the following lines:

"If from your glove-you take the letter g, Your glove-is love-which I devote to-thee." To which the lady returned the following

inster :

"If from your Page, you take the letter p,
Your ragis age-an 1 that won't do for me."

TRY; TRY AGAIN.
'Tis a lesson-you should heed,
Try, try again;

If at first-you don't succeed,
Try, try again;

Then your courage should appear,
For, if you will persevere,
You will conquer, never fear;
Try, try again.

Once, or twice, though you should fail,
Try, try again;

If you would, at last, prevail,
Try, try again;

If we strive, 'tis no disgrace,
Though we may not win the race;
What should you do in the case?

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Try, try again.

find your task is hard,

Try, try again;

Time will bring you your reward,

Try, try again;

All that other folks can do,

Why, with patience, should not you?
Only keep this rule in view,

TRY, TRY AGAIN.

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424. Before entering on a consideration and illustration of the Passions, the pupil is urged to revise the preceding lessons and exercises; but do not be deceived with the idea, that thinking about them is enough, or reading them over silently; join practice with thought, and the effects are yours. One of the great difficulties in thinking about any art or science, and witnessing the efforts of others in their presentation, is-that one's taste is so far in advance of his own practice, that he becomes disgusted with it, and despairs of his success. Let us remember that nothing is truly our own, that we do not understand, love and practice.

HAMLET'S INSTRUCTIONS ON DELIVERY. Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you; trippingly on the tongue. But if you mouth it, as many of our players do, I had as lief the town-crier had spoke my lines. And do not saw the air too much with your hand; but use all gently; for in the very torrent, tempest, and, as I may say, WHIRLWIND of your passion, you must acquire and beget a temperance, that may give it smoothness. Oh! it offends me to the soul, to hear a robustious, periwig-pated fellow tear a passion to tatters, to very rags, to split the ears of the groundlings; who, (for the most part,) are capable of nothing, but inexplicable dumb-show and noise. I would have such a fellow whipp'd for o'erdoing termagant, it out-Herod's Herod. Pray you, avoid it. Be not too tame, neither; but let your own discretion be your tutor. Suit the action-to the word, the wo-l-to the action; with this special observance, that you o'erstep not the modesty of nature: for anything, so overdone, is from the purpose of playing; whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is-to hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature; to show virtue her own

feature, scorn-her own image,-and the very age and body of the time, his form and pressure. Now, this overdone, or come tardy off, though it may make the unskillful laugh, cannot but make the judicious-grieve: the censure of one of which, must, in your allowance, o'erweigh a whole theatre of others. Oh! there be players that I have seen play, and heard others praise, and that highby, that, neither having the accent of christian, nor the gait of christian, pagan, nor man, have so strutted and bellowed, that I have thought some

of nature's journeymen had made men, and not made them well; they imitated humanity so abominably.

425. TENDENCIES OF OUR LANGUAGE. As our language abounds in monosyllables, it affords good means to deliver our thoughts in few sounds, and thereby favors despatch, which is one of our characteristics; and when we use words of more than one syllable, we readily contract them some, by our rapid pronunciation, or by the omission of some vowel; as, drown'd, walk'd, dips; instead of drown-ed, walk-ed, dip-peth, &c.; and even proper names of several syllables, when familiarized, often dwindle down into monosyllables; whereas, in other languages, they receive a softer turn, by the addition at a new syllable.

Proverbs. 1. Beauty is 10 longer am able, than while virtue adorns it. 2. Past services should never be forgotten. 3. A known enemy is better than a treacherous friend. 4. Don't engage in any undertaking, if your conscience says no to it. 5. Benefits and injuries receive their value from the intention. 6. We should give by choice, and not by hazard. 7. He, that does good to an other, from proper motives, does good a so to himself. 8. He that is false to God can never be true to man. 9. A good principle is sure to produce a good practice. 10. None are truly wise, but those that are pure in heart.

Anecdote. Contrary. A woman, having fallen into a river, her husband went to look for her, proceeding up stream from where she fell in. The bystanders asked him if he was mad? she could not have gone against the stream. The man answered:

She was obstinate and contrary in her lifetime, and I suppose for certain she is so at her death."

Intuition. We cannot have an idea of one, without the idea of another to which it is related. We then get the idea of two, by contemplating them both; referring, abstractly, to one of them. We say one and one are equal to two; one one, is less than two ones; therefore, one does not equal two. One and one, are the parts of two, and the parts of a thing are equal to the whole of it. Thus, we come to the knowledge of what has been called intuitive proposition, only by reasoning. When such a principle is clearly admitted, we cannot deny its truth, for a moment: but it is far from being, strictly speaking, an intuitive truth.

Varieties. 1. The virtues of the country are with our women, and the only remaining hope of the resurrection of the genius and character of the nation, rests with them. 2. The present-is the parent of the future. 3. The last words of the Indian chief, who 66 When died at Washington, in 1824, were, I am gone, let the big guns be fired over me." 4. Beware of turning away from dowould do, if you only had the means. ing good, by thinking how much good you The pleasure of thinking on important subjects, with a view to communicate our tho❜ts to the unfolding minds around us, is a most exquisite pleasure. 6. Principle and practice must go hand in hand, to make the 7. The time is fast approaching, when the mind will strike out new fields, and view itself, its Creator, and the Universe from new positions.

man, or woman.

HOPE.

5.

Why do those cliffs of shadowy tint appear,
More sweet than all the landscapes shining near!
'Tis distance lends enchantment to the view,
And robes the mountain in its azure hue!
Thus with delight we linger to survey
The promis'd joys of life's unmeasur'd way
Thus from afar, each dim discover'd scene,
More pleasing seems than all the past hath been,
And every form that fancy can repair,
From dark oblivion, glows divinely there.

p.easure,

shall

426. A just delivery consists in a distinct Proverbs. 1. To fail, or not-to fail; that articulation of words, pronounced in proper is the question. 2. He, that loveth tones, suitably varied to the sense, and the be a poor man. 3. Flattery is a dazzling meteor emotions of the mind; with due observation that casts a delusive glare before the mental eye of accent, the several gradations of emphasis; seduces the imagination, perverts the judgment, pauses or rests in proper places, and well and silences the dictates of reason. 4. Mankind are governed more by feeling and impulse, than measured degrees of time; and the whole acby reason and reflection. 5. Our duty and true companied with expressive looks, and signiinterest, always unite. 6. An occasional hearty ficant gestures. To conceive, and to execute, laugh, is often an act of wisdom. 7. No one can are two different things: the first may arise be great, who is not virtuous. 8. We make more from study and observation; the second is than half the evils we feel. 9. No one can estithe effect of practice. mate the value of a pious, discreet, and faithful 42%. RULES FOR THE'. When ques-mother. 10. The boy is the father of the man. tions are not answered by yes or no; as, Who Anecdote. Tallow and Talent. Fletcher, is that lady? In AFFIRMATIVE sentences; as-I am prepared to go: language of AuTHORITY; as-Back to thy punishment, false fugitive: TERROR; as-The light burns blue: SURPRISE; as-Sir, I perceive that thou art a prophet: REPREHENSION; -You are very much to blame for suffering him to pass: INDIGNATION: Go-false fellow, and let me never see your face again: CONTEMPT; as-To live in awe of such a thing as I myself: EXCLAMATION: O nature! how honorable is thy empire! RHETORICAL DIALOGUE, when one or more persons are represented; as-James said, Charles, go and do as you were bidden; and John said, he need not go at present, for I have something for him to do: and the FINAL PAUSE; as-All general rules have some exceptions.

as

428. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. Is there more than one God? 2. Was the world created out of nothing? 3. What is the meaning of the expression, "let us make man in our image, after our likeness ?" 4. By what means can we become happy? 5. Can we be a friend, and an enemy, at the same time? 6. Are miracles the most convincing evidences of truth? 7. Will dying for principles, prove any thing more than the sincerity of the martyr? S. Is it possible for a created being to merit salvation by good works? 9. Have we life of our own; or are we dependent on God for it every moment? 10. What is the difference between good and evil? 11. Is any law independent of its maker? 12. Are miracles-violations of nature's laws?

429. Some think matter is all, and manner little or nothing; but if one were to

speak the sense of an angel in bad words, and with a disagreeable utterance, few would listen to him with much pleasure or profit. The figure of Adonis, with an awkward air, and ungraceful motion, would be disgusting instead of pleasing.

Reader, whosoe'er thou art,

What thy God has given, impart ;
Hide it not within the ground;
Send the cup of lessing round.

bishop of Nesmes, was the son of a tallow chandler. A great duke once endeavored to mortify the prelate, by saying to him, at the king's levee, that he smelt of tallow. To which the bishop replied, "My lord, I an. the son of a chandler, it is true, and if you lordship had been the same, you would have remained a chandler all the days of your life.

Disinterestedness-is the very flower of all the virtues, a manifestation-in the heart of one who feels and acts from it, of heaven on earth, the very reflection of the sun of Parudise. If mankind more generally, knew how beautiful it is to serve others, from the love of doing them good, there would not be so much cold and narrow selfishness in the world. When we have contributed most to the happiness of others, we are receptive ourselves of the most happiness.

Varieties. 1. Never repay kindness with unkindness. 2. Is pride-commendable? 3. No guarantee for the conduct of nations, or individuals, ought to be stronger than that which honor imposes. 4. True patriotism labors for civil and religious liberty all over the world-for universal freedom; the liberty and happiness of the human race. 5. What is charity, and what are its fruits? 6. When persons are reduced to want, by their own laziness, or vices, is it a duty to relieve them? 7. To read Milton's Paradise Lost, is the pleasure of but few. 8. The argument of the Essay on Man, is said to have been written by Bolingbroke, and versified by Pope. 9. Painting, Sculpture and Architecture are three subjects, on which nearlyall persons, of polite education, are compelled to conceal ignorance, if they cannot display knowledge. 10. Is labor—a blessing, or a

a curse?

Music!-oh! how faint, how weak!
LANGUAGE-fades before thy spell;
Why should feeling-ever speak,

When thou canst breathe her soul-so well.,
Ah! why will kings-forget-that they are men,
And MEN, that they are brethren? [the ties
Why delight-in human sacrifice! Why burst
Of NATURE, that should knit their souls together
In one soft band-of amity and love?

430 STYLE. The character of a person's | style of reading and speaking depends upon his moral perceptions of the ends, causes, and effects of the composition: thus, STYLE may be considered the man himself, and, as every one sees and feels, with regard to everything, according to the state or condition of his mind, and as there are and can be no two persons alike; each individual will have a manner and style peculiar to himself; tho' in the main, that of two persons of equal education and intelligence, may be in a great degree similar.

Maxims. 1. It does not become a law-maker, to become a law-breaker. 2. Friendship is stronger than kindred. 3. Idleness is the sepulchre of a living man. 4. An orator, without judgment, is like a horse without a bridle. 5. He that knows when to speak, knows when to be silent. 6. The truest end of life-is to know the life that never ends. 7 Wine has drowned more than the sea. 8. Impose not on others a burthen which you cannot bear yourself. 9. He overcomes a stout enemy, that overcomes his own anger. 10. Study mankind as well as books.

Anecdote. Note of Interrogation (?). Mr. Pope, the poet, who was small and de431. RULES FOR THE'. When ques-formed, sneering at the ignorance of a young tions are answered by yes or no, they gen-man, who was very inquisitive, and asked a erally require the'. Exs. Are you well? good many impertinent questions, inquired Is he gone? Have you got your hát? Do of him if he knew what an interrogation you say yes? Can he accommodate me? point was? "Yes sir," said he, “it is a little Will you call and see me? But when the crooked thing, like yourself, that asks quesquestions are emphatic, or amount to an affir- tions." mative, the 'is used. A're you well? As much as to say tell me whether you are well. Is he gone? Have you done it? All given in an authoritative manner. Hath he said it, and shall he not do it? He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? Is he a man, that he should repènt?

432. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. Is the casket more valuable than the jewel? 2. Will not the safety of the community be endangered, by permitting the murderer to live? 3. Are theatres-beneficial to mankind? 4. Did Napolean do more hurt than good to the world? 5. Were the Texans right-in rebelling against Mexico? 6. Ought the license system to be abolished? 7. Is animal magnetism true? 8. Who was the greatest monster-Nero, or Catiline? 9. Should we act

from policy, or from principle? 10. Is not the improvement of the mind, of the first importance?

Ideas, acquired by taste-are compound and relative. If a man had never experienced any change, in the sensation produced by external things, on the organs of taste, that which he now calls sweet, (if it had been the quality, subjected to the sense,) would have conveyed to the mind no possible idea; but, alternating with the quality we call bitter, contrariety-produces the first impression, and he learns to distinguish the qualities by names. The sensation-awakened by Madeira wine, must be very acute, to enable a man to discriminate, accurately, without a very careful comparison. Let a particular kind of Madeira wine remain a few years on the lees of many other kinds, and who would detect the compound flavor, but the contriver?

Varieties. 1. Inspire a child with right feelings, and they will govern his actions: hence, the truth of the old adage, Example is better than precept. 2. The great difficulty Nature. Man is radiant with expressions. is, that we give rules, instead of inspiring Every feature, limb, muscle and vein, may sentiments; it is in vain to lead the undertell something of the energy within. The standing with rules, if the affections are not brow, smooth or contracted,―the eye, placid, right. 3. Benjamin West states, that his mo dilated, tearful, flashing,-the lip, calm, quiv- ther kissed him, eagerly, when he showed her ering, smiling, curled, the whole counten- the likeness he had sketched of his baby sisance, serene, distorted, pale, flushed, the ter; and, he adds, that kiss made me a hand, with its thousand motions, the chest, painter. 4. Lay by all scraps of material still or heaving,—the attitude, relaxed or firm, things, as well as of knowledge, and they cowering or lofty,-in short, the visible char-will certainly come in use within seven years. acteristics of the whole external man,-are 5. Gain all the information you can, learn all NATURE'S HAND-WRITING; and the tones and qualities of the voice, soft, low, quiet, broken, agitated, shrill, grave, boisterous, - -are her ORAL LANGUAGE: let the student copy and learn. Nature is the goddess, and art and science her ministers.

Since trifles-make the sum of human things,
And half our misery-from our foibles springs;
Since life's best joys-consist in peace and ease,
And few-can save or serve, but all-can please;
O let the ungentle spirit-learn from henes,-
A small unkindness-is a great offence.

that comes in your way, without being intrusive, and provided it does not interfere with the faithful discharge of other duties. 6. It was a maxim of the great William Jones, never to lose an opportunity of learning anything.

A wise man poor,

Is like a sacred book, that's never read;
To himself he lives, and to all else seems dead:
This age-thinks better of a gilded fool,
Than of a threadbare saint-in wisdom's school

1

433. STYLE. The numerous examples Maxims. 1. Punctuality begets confidence, given throughout this work, afford the neces- and is the sure road to honor and respect. 2. sary means for illustrating all the principles picture is a poem, without words. 3. Sensible men of elocution: let the taste, and judgment, as show their sense, by saying much in few words well as the abilities of the student-be test-4. He, who thinks to cheat another, cheats him. ed by a proper selection and application of self. 5. Pride is easily seen in others; but we them. He must not expect too much from rarely see it in ourselves. 6. Wealth is, not his others, nor take it unkindly, when thrown who gets it, but his who enjoys it. 7. A bad boot upon his own resources: the best way to in- is one of the worst of thieves. 8. Toleration should spring from charity, not from indifference crease our strength, is to have it often tested. 9. Too much prosperity makes most men fools All who become orators, must make them-10. He, who serves God, has the best master i

selves orators.

434. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. If we do well, shall we not be accepted? 2. Which is more useful, fire, or water? 3. Ought cir

cumstantial evidence to be admitted in criminal cases? 4. Can we be too zealous in rightly promoting a good cause? 5. Which is worse, a bad education, or no education? 6. Are not bigotry and intolerance--as destructive to morality, as they are to common sense? 7. Are we not apt to be proud of that which is not our own? 8. Ought there not to be duties on imported goods, to encourage domestic manufactures? 9. Is slavery right? 10. Have steamboats been the cause of more good than evil?

the world. 11. One love drives another out. 13 Health is better than wealth.

Influence. Few are aware of the full ex

tent of meaning contained in this word. If we can measure the kind and quantity of influence, that every variety of heat and cold has on the world of matter; if we can tell the influence, that one individual has on another, one society on another, and one nation on another, both for time and eternity; if we can estimate the influence, that spir itual beings have on one another, and on the human race, collectively, and separately; also the influence of the Great Spirit on all creation, then, we are able to see and realize the mighty meaning of this important word. 435. IGNORANCE AND ERROR. It is al- Contemplate and weigh the influence, that most as difficult to make one unlearn his er- different kinds of food and drink have on the rors, as to acquire knowledge. Mal-inforhuman system, by being appropriated to its mation is more hopeless than non-informa- innumerable parts; the influence on body tion; for error is always more busy than ig- and mind of keeping and violating the laws norance. Ignorance-is a blank sheet, on of life, by thinking, feeling, and acting; the which we may urite; but error-is a scrib-influence, which a good or bad person has on bled one, from which we must first erase. Ignorance-is contented to stand still, with her back to the truth; but error-is more presumptuous, and proceeds in the same direction. Ignorance has no light, but error follows a false one. The consequence is, that error, when she retraces her footsteps, has farther to go, before she can arrive at the truth, than ignorance.

his associates and also their influence on others, through all coming time, as well as in the eternal world, and you will perceive something of the importance of ceasing to do evil, and learning to do well; of living and prac ticing what is good and true, and thereby being saved from all that is evil and false.

Varieties. 1. Lord Coke-wrote the fol

Anecdote. Virtue before Riches. The-lowing, which he religiously observed; "Six mistocles-had a daughter, to whom two men were wishing to make love; one-was very rich, but a simpleton, and the other-poor, but a very wise man: the father preferred the latter, saying, "I would rather have a man without riches, than riches without a man."

The primal duties-shine aloft, like stars;
The charities, that soothe, and heal, and bless,
Are scattered at the feet of man, like flowers ;
The generous inclination, the just rule,
Kind wishes, and good actions, and pure thoughts.
No mystery is here; no special boon

For high, and not for low; for proudly graced,
And not for meek of heart. The smoke ascends
To heaven as lightly from the cottage hearth,
As from the haughty palace. He, whose soul
Ponders this true equality, may walk
The fields of earth-with gratitude and hope.

Our wishes lengthen-as our sun declines.

hours to sleep, to law's great study six, Four
Wm. Jones, a wiser economist of the fleeting
spend in prayer, the rest to nature fix." 2.
hours of life, amended the sentiment thus;
Seven hours to law, to soothing slumbers
seven, Ten to the world allot, and all to
heaven. 3. The truly beautiful and sublime
are to be found within the regions of nature
and probability: the false sublime sets to it-
self no bounds: it deals in thunders, earth-
quakes, tempests, and whirlwinds. 4. Is it
any pain for a bird to fly, a fish to swim, or
a boy to play? 5. Confound not vociferation
with emphatic expression; for a whisper
may be as discriminating as the loudest tones
6. Speech-is the gift of God. 7. Order
the same in the world, in man, and in the
church; man-is an epitome of all the prin
ciples of order.

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