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stand, is to pursue, and not overtake. 3. Truth_re
fines, but does not obscure. 4. He who teaches,
often learns himself. 5. Worth-has been under
rated, ever since wealth-has been overrated. 6
Antiquity—cannot sanction an error, nor novelty
horse that runs away with him. 8. A small bak
injure a truth. 7. A man in a passion, rides a
will sink a great ship. 9. Never forget a good
turn. 10. Lying-is the vice of a slave. 11. Self-
conceit-is the attendant of ignorance. 12. The
love of society is natural.

382. INTONATIONS CONTINUED. Listen! Proverbs. 1. The remedy for injuries attentively, to a person under the influence not to remember them. 2. To read, and not under of nature, of his own feelings and thoughts: he relates stories, supports arguments, commands those under his authority, speaks to persons at a distance, utters exclamations of anger and rage, joy and rapture, pours forth lamentations of sorrow and grief, breathes affection, love, &c. in different pitch es, tones, qualities, emphasis, inflection, and circumflexes, elevations and depressions of voice. The only possibility of success, therefore, is to get perfect control of the vocal organs, by practicing these principles, and conforming the whole manner to the sense and objects of the composition.

383. INTONATION AND MELODY. These examples are given as general guides; the figures refer to the notes in the Diatonic Scale. 1. (4) But, (5) from the (4) tomb, (5) the (4) voice of (5) nature (6) cries, (6) And, (5) in our (4) ashes, (5) live (4) their won-(3) ted (2) fires. 2. But (5) yonder comes, (4) rejoicing in the (6) EAST, (5) The (4) powerful (3) king of (2) day. 3. (6) AWAKE! (o) ARISE! (6) or (5) be (3) forever (2) fullen. 4. (3) He expired in a (5) victualing-house, (4) which I hope (5) I (3) shall (2) not. 7. (5) Fair (6) angel, thy (5) desire, which tends to (6) KNOW The works of (5) God, doth (4) marit (3) praise. 8) Such (4) honors Ilion to (6) HER lover paid, And (5) peaceful slept (4) the mighty (3) Hector's (2) shade. Note. Construct a scale on faint ruled paper, and place the words on it as indicated; the same as notes are on the musical staff.

Miscellaneous. 1. Beauty-is the outward form of goodness: and this is the reason, we love it instinctively, without thinking why we love: but we cease to love, when we find it unaccompanied with truth and goodness. 2. Make not your opinions, the criterion of right and wrong: but make right and wrong-the criterion of your actions and principles.

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Anecdote. The emperor of China -inquired of Sir George Staunton, out the manner in which physicians ere paid in England. When he was mue to understand what the practice was, h, exclaimed,-" Can any man in England afford to be ill? Now, I have four physicians, and pay all of them a weekly say; but the moment I am sick, that salary is stopped, till I am well again; therefe, my indisposition is never of long d'ation."

Woman. The prevailing manners of an age depend, more than we are aware of, or are willing to allow, on the conduct of the women: this is one of the principal things on which the great machine of human society turns. Those, who allow the influence which. female graces have in contributing to polish the manners of men, would do well to reflect, how great an influence female morals must also have on their conduct. How much, then, is it to be regretted, that women-should ever sit down, contented, to polish, when they are able to reform-to entertain, when they might instruct. Nothing delights men more than their strength of understanding, when true gentleness of manners is its associate; united, they become irresistible orators, bless'd with the power of persuasion, fraught with the sweetness of instruction, making woman the highest ornament of human nature.

Varieties. 1. Fear-is a bad preserver of anything intended to endure; but loveFew-bring back at eve, will generally ensure fidelity, even to the end. Immaculate, the manners of the morn; 2. He, who knowingly defends the wrong Something we thought-is blotted, we resolved-side of a question, pays a very bad compli

Is shaken, we renounced-returns again.
There is no greater punishment of vice-
Than that it have its own will;
Hence, guilty-infernal love becomes the
Most deadly hate.

The intent, and not the deed,
Is in our power; and therefore, who DARES greatly,
Does greatly.

ment to his hearers: as much as to say; False hood, supported by my talents, is stronger than truth, supported by yours. 3. Before a man should be convicted of a libel, the jury must be satisfied, that it was his intention tc libel; not to state facts, which he believed to be true, or, reasonings, which he thongit just. 4. The difference between the word 6. Words are things; a small drop of of God, and the compositims of man, is as ink, (falling like dew-) upon thought, pro-great, as between real flame and painted duces that, which makes thousands, perhaps flame. 5. Dissimulation, even the most inMILLIONS think. 7. Something-is at all noceni, is ever productive of embarrassments; times-flowing into us.

Too much the beautiful--we prize,
The useful-often we despise.

whether the design is evil, or not, artifice is

always dangerous, and almost inevitably dis
graceful.

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384. REVISIONS. Let all the preceding principles be reviewed, with an illustration of each, and endeavor to fix them, permanently, in the mind, by seeing their truth, and feeling their power in practice; so that you can write a work yourself on the philosophy of mind and voice. Remember, that nothing is yours, till you make it your own, by understanding it scientifically, rationally and affectuously, and then by applying it to its proper object: do not forget effects, causes, ends, their successive order, and simultaneous development.

EVE'S LAMENT ON LEAVING PARADISE.
(Plaintive, with quantity.)

O, unexpected stroke, worse than of Death!
Must I thus leave thee, Paradise? thus leave
Thee, native soil, these happy walks and shades,
Fit haunt of gods? where I had hoped to spend,
(Quiet, tho' sad,) the respite of that day,
That must be mortal to us both;

O flowers, (that never will in other climate grow,)
My early visitation, and my last

At ev'n, which I bred up, with tender hand,
From the first opening bud, and gave ye names;
Who, now, shall rear you to the sun, and rank
Your tribes, and water from the ambrosial fount?
Thee. (lastly,) nuptial bower, by me adorned
With what to sight, or smell, was sweet, from THEE
How shall 1 part, and whither wander-down
Into a lower world, to this-obscure

And wild? How shall we breathe in other air,
Less pure, accustomed to immortal fruits!

385. How mean,-how timid,-how abject, must that spirit be, which can sit down, -contented with mediocrity. As for myself -all that is within me is on fire. I had rather be torn into a thousand pieces, than relaxmy resolution, of reaching the sublimest heights of virtue—and knowledge, of good- | ness-and truth, of LOVE—and WISDOM. Nothing is so arduous,-nothing so ADMIRABLE, in human affairs, but may be attained by the industry of man. We are descended from heaven; thither let us go, whence we derive our origin. Let nothing satisfy us,lower than the summit of all excellence.

Laconics. 1. The grea battle and contest among politicians is-not how the government shall be administered, but who shall administer it. 2. They who go to church out of vanity, or curiosity, and not for worship and instruction, should not value themselves on account of their religion; for it is not worth a straw. 3. Allow time for consideration; everything is badly executed, that is not incompatible with wisdom; and the raan of is done by force or violence. 4. Occasional mirth, reserved habits, may sometimes be, gay. 5. Happy are they, who draw lessons of prudence-from the dangers, in which others are involved. 6. Elaquence-can pierce the reluctant wonder of the world, and make even monarchs tremble on their thrones.

Anecdote. Spinola. "Pray, of what did your brother die ?" said the Marquis Spinola, one day to Sir Horace Vere. "He died, sir,” replied he," of having nothing to do." "Alas! sir,"

," said Spinola, "that is enough to kill any general of us all." Mostesquieu says, "We, in general, place idleness among the beatitudes of heaven; it should rather, I think, be put amid the tortures of hell. Austin calls it -the burying a man alive."

Female Education. How greatly is it to be regretted, that for the benefit of both sexes, women are not generally so educated, that their conversations might be still much more useful to us, as well as beneficial to themselves! If, instead of filling their heads with trifles, or worse than trifles, they were early taught what might be really useful, they would not then be so continually in pursuit of silly, ridiculous, expensive, and many times criminal amusement; neither would their conversation be so insipid and impertinent, as it too often is. On the contrary, were their minds properly improved with knowledge, which it is certain they are exceedingly capable of, how much more agreeable would they be to themselves, and how much more improving and delightful to us? How truly charming does beauty appear, when adorned by good nature, good sense, and knowledge? And when beauty inalists -were a sect, the followers of Ros- fades, as soon it must, there will then be celinus and Abelard: according to these those qualities and accomplishments remainphilosophers, there are no existences in na-ing, which cannot fail to command great re ture corresponding to general terms, and the objects of our attention in all our general speculations, are not ideas, but words. The Realists were their opponents, and adhered to the principles of Aristotle. Oft-may the spirits of the dead-descend To watch-the silent slumbers of a friend; To hover-round his evening walk-unseen, And hold sweet converse-on the dusky green; To hail the spot-where first their friendship grew, And heaven-and nature-opened to their view. Oft, when he trims his cheerful hearth, and sees A smiling circle-emulous to please, There may these gentle guests-delight to dwell, And bless the scene they loved in life so well.

Nominalists and Realists. The Nom

gard, esteem, and affection.

VARIETIES.

But-shall we wear these glories for a day,
Or shall they last, and we rejoice in them?
While there is hope, do not distrust the gods,
But wait, at least, till Cesar's near approach,
Force us to yield. "Twill never be too late-
To sue for chains, and own a conqueror.

In faith, and hope, the world will disagree,
But all mankind's concern-is charity.
"Tis education-forms the common mind,
Just as twig is bent, the tree's inclined.
The mind, that would be happy, must be great
Great in its vishes, great in its surveys;
Extended virus, a ar fow mind extend.

386. As so much depends upon the proper Laconics. 1. The antidote, is he bang ful mmovement of the voice, through the different fluence of flattery is, for every one to examine notes of the scale, and as our primary in- himself, and truly estimate his own qualities, and struction in reading is often diametrically op- character. 2. Let us make ourselves steadfast in posed to what is natural, it is deemed neceswhat is certainly true, and we shall be able to sary to be more explicit in directions, as well answer objections, or reject them as unworthy of an answer. 3. Argument-cannot disprove fact; no as in exemples. Imitate, with the voice, actwo opposing facts can be produced; all objec companied by corresponding motions of the tions to a fact must therefore be negative. 4. Ed. hand, the gentle undulations of the waters,ucation-includes all the influences, that serve to when the waves run moderately high; let-unfold the faculties, and determine the char ting the movement of your voice resemble acter; thus involving the mental, and physical. 5 that of a small boat. Observe the various To render good for evil, is God-like; to render movements of different kinds of birds through | good for good, is man-like; to render evil for evil, is the air, some bobbing up and down, others beast-like; to render evil for good-is devil-like. moving more gracefully; some flapping their Varieties. Has a wise and good God-wings, others sailing, soaring: but the move-furnished us with desires, which have no corments of the voice are infinitely more various than all other external motions; for it

contains them all.

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Blessed-we sometimes are! and I am now
Happy in quiet feelings; for the tones-
Of a pleasant company of friends-

Were in my ear, just now, and gentler thoughts
From spirits, whose high character I know
And I retain their influence, as the air-
Retains the softness-of departed day.
There is a spell--in every flower,
A sweetness-in each spray,
And every simple bird-has power—
To please us with its lay.
And there is music-on the breeze,
That sports along the glade,
And crystal dew-drops-on the trees,
The gems-by fancy made.

O, there is joy and happiness,

In every thing I see,

Which bids my soul rise up-and bless

The God, that blesses me

respondent objects, and raised expectations in our breasts, with no other view but to disappoint them? Are we to be forever in search of happiness, without arriving at it, either in this world or in the next? Are we formed with a passionate longing for immortality, and yet destined to perish, after this short period of existence? Are we promptfires. ed to the noblest actions, and supported through life, under the severest hardships and most delicate temptations, by the hopes of a reward, which is visionary and chimerical,--by the expectation of praises, of which it is utterly impossible for us, ever to have the least knowledge or enjoyment?

Method. In speaking extempore, or in writing, METHOD, or the proper arrangement of the thoughts, is of the first importance; to attain which, you must fix, in your mind, the precise object you have in view, and never lose sight of it; then, determine the grand divisions; which should be natural, and distinct; not an unnecessary thought, or illustration-should be admitted: and even in the amplification of the subject, every part should have its proper place, and all -present a whole.

Anecdote. Mr. Summerfield. It is said, of the late Mr. Summerfield, that being asked by a bishop, where he was born, he replied, "I was born in England, and born again in Ireland." "What do you mean ?" inquired the bishop. "Art thou a master in Israel, and knowest not these things?" was the reply.

Effects of Knowledge. The more widely knowledge is spread, the more will they be prized, whose happy lot it is-to ex tend its bounds, by discovering new truths, to multiply its uses-by inventing new modes of applying it in practice. Real knowledge -never prompted either turbulence, or unbelief; but its progress is the forerunner of liberality and enlightened toleration. Who so dreads these, let him tremble; for he may be well assured, that their day is at length come, and must put to sudden flight the evil spirits of tyranny and persecution, which haunted the long night, now gone down the sky.

VARIETIES.

Soft peace she brings wherever she arrives;
She builds our quiet, as she forms our lives;
Lays the rough path of peevish nature even,
And opens, in each breast, a little heaven
Man-is the rugged lofty pine,

That frowns o'er many a wave-beat shore;
Woman's the slender-graceful vine,
Whose curling tendrils-round it twine,

And deck its rough bark-sweetly o'er.
Teach me to soothe the helpless orphan's grief,
With lively aid-the widow's woes assuage
To mis'ry's moving cries-to yield relief,
And be the sure resource of drooping age.
Our doubts-are traitors,
And make us lose the good-we oft might win
By fearing to attempt.

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387. Cadence-means a descent, or fall Laconics. 1. No change in external appear of the voice: here, it means the proper man-ance, can alter that, which is radically wrong. 2. ncr of closing a sentence. In the preceding Seize an opportunity, when it presents itself; if examples, the pupil sees how it is made. once lost, it may never be regained. 3. Vicious The best cadence, that which rests most men, endeavor to impose on the world, by assumpleasantly on the ear, is the fall of a triad;ing a semblance of virtue, to conceal their bad i. e. a regular gradation of three notes from habits, and evil propensities. 4. Beware of selfthe prevalent pitch of voice; which is gen- love, for it hardens the heart, and shuts the mind to erally the fourth or fifth: tho' different voices all that is good and true. 5. The excessive pleasare keyed on different pitches: hence, each ure one feels-in talking of himself, ought to make must be governed by his own peculiarities him apprehensive, that he affords little to his au in this respect. Beware of confounding ca- ditor. 6. In our intercourse with the world, we dence with inflections; and never end a sen- should often ask ourselves this question-How tence with a feeble and depressed utterance. would I like to be treated thus? 7. In all ages The' nature-weigh our talents, and dispense, and countries, unprincipled men may be found, To every man, his modicum of sense, who will slander the most upright character, and Yet-much-depends, as in the tiller's toil, find others as base as themselves, to join in the proOn culture, and the sowing of the soil. pagation of their falsehoods. The brave man-is not he, who feels no fear, For that were stupid-and irrational;But he, whose noble soul his fear subdues, [from. And bravely dares the danger, which he shrinks He holds no parly with unmanly fears; Where duty bids, he confidently steers; Faces a thousand dangers at her call, And trusting in his God, surmounts them all. What is life?

"Tis not to stalk about, and draw in fresh air,
From time to time, or gaze upon the sun;
"Tis to be FREE.

388. WORD-PAINTING. There is noth-
ing in any of the other fine arts, but what is
involved in oratory. The letters are analo-
gous to uncompounded paints; words to
paints prepared for use; and, when arranged
into appropriate and significant sentences,
they form pictures of the ideas on the can-
vas of the imagination: hence, composition,
whether written or spoken, is like a picture,
exhibiting a great variety of features, not
only with prominence, but with degrees of
prominence: to do which, the painter,
speaker, or writer, applies shades of the
same color to features of the same class, and
opposing colors to those of different classes.

Government. The ordinary division of
governments into republican, monarchical,
and despotic, appears essentially erroneous;
for there are but two kinds of government,
good and bad: governments are national
and special. The essence of the former-
consists in the will of the nation constitu-
tionally expressed; that of the latter, where
there are other sources of power, or right,
than the will of the nation.

Anecdote. Punctual Hearer.
A wo-
man, who always used to attend public wor-
ship with great punctuality, and took care
to be always in time, was asked how it was
--she could always come so early; she an-
swered very wisely, "that it was part of
her religion-not to disturb the religion of
others."

I hate to see a scholar gape,
And yawn upon his seat,
Or lay his head upon his desk,
As if almost asleep.

Confinement of Debtors. The prosperity of a people is proportionate to the number of hands and minds usefully employed. To the community, sedition is a fever, corruption is a gangrene, and idleness is an atrophy. Whatever body, and whatever society-wastes more than it acquires, must gradually decay: and every being, that continues to be fed, and ceases to labor, takes away something from the public stock. The confinement, therefore, of any man in the sloth and darkness of a prison, is a loss to the nation, and no gain to the creditor. For, of the multitudes, who are pining in those cells of misery, a very small part is suspected of any fraudulent act, by which they retain, what belongs to others. The rest are imprisoned by the wantonness of pride, the malignity of revenge, or, the acrimany of disappointed expectation.

VARIETIES.

'Tis slander:

Whose edge-is sharper than the sword, whose tongue
Outvenoms all the worms of Nile; whose breath-
Rides on the sporting winds, and doth belie
All corners of the world: kings, queens, and states,
Maids and matrons, the secrets of the grave-
This viperous slander enters.

Mercy to him that shows it, is the rule,

And righteous limitation of its act,

By which heaven moves, in pardoning guilty man.
And he, that shows none, (being ripe in years,
And conscious-of the outrage he commits,)
Shall seek it, and not find it, in his turn.
His words-are bonds; his oaths-are oracles;
His love-sincere; his thoughts-immaculate;
His tears--pure messengers, sent from his heart:
His heart-is as far from fraud,-as heaven-from earth.

Be earnest!-why shouldst thou for custom's zako,
Lay a cold hand upon thy heart's warm pulse,
And crush those feelings back, which, uttered, make
Links in the chain of love? Why thus convulse
A soul, that overflows with sympathy
For kindred souls, when thou art called to be
The Heart's Apostle, loving, pure, and true?
The smooth hypocrisies, the polished lies,
The cold dead forms-and hollow mockeries

Current among the many, by the few,
Who know their manhood, should be held in scorn
Speak freely thy free thought--and other souls
To thine shall answer-as from living coals
Together kindled, light and heat are born!

mixed with love, is harmless-as the dove. 3. A covetous man is, as he always fancies, in want. 4. Hypocrites-first cheat the world, and at last, themselves. 5. The borrower is slave to the lender, and the security-to both. 6. Some are too stiff to bend, and too old to mend. 7. Truth has al8. He, who draws ways a sure foundation. others into evil courses-is the devil's agent. 9. A spur in the head-is worth two in the heel. 11. To do good, is the right way to find good. 10. Better spared, than ill spent. 12. Years teach

389. DYNAMICs. This, in mechanical phi- Maxims. 1. The credit that is got by a lie, losophy, means the science of moving-powers;-only lasts till the truth comes out. 2. Zeal, in elocution and singing, it relates to the force, loudness, harshness, strength, roughness, softness, swell, diminish, smoothness, abruptness, gentleness of voice: that is, its qualities, which are as various as those of the human mind; of which, indeed, they are the representatives. Observe-that the names of these qualities, when spoken naturally, express, or echo, their natures. The Loud, Rough, Soft, Smooth, Harsh, Forcible, Full, Strong, Tremulous, Slender, &c. all of which are comprehended in force, pitch, time, quantity, and abruptness of voice.

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390. Let the following examples be rendered perfectly familiar-the feelings, tho'ts, words and appropriate voice: nothing, however, can be done, as it should be, without having the most important examples memorized, here and elsewhere. (Loud) "But when loud surges-lash the sounding shore; (Rough) The hoarse rough voice, should like the torrent roar." (Soft) Soft is the strain, when Zephyr gently blows; (Smooth) And the smooth stream, in smoother numbers flows." (Harsh) "On a sudden, open fly, with impetuous recoil and jarring sound, the infernal doors, and on their hinges grate harsh thunder." (Soft) "Heaven opened wide her ever-during gates (harmonious sound) on golden hinges turning." (Soft) "How charming-is divine philosophy! (Harsh) Not harsh, and crabbed, as dull fools suppose. (Soft) But musical--as is Apollo's lute." (Harsh, Strong and Forcible.) "Blow wind, and crack your cheeks! rage! blow your cataracts, and hurricane spout, till you have drenched our steeples. You sulphurious and thought-executing fires, vaunt couriers to oak-cleaving thunderbolts; and thou, all shaking thunder, strike flat the thick rotundity of the world."

(Soft and Smooth.) How sweet the moon-light sleeps upon this bank; Here will we sit, and let the sounds of music, Creep in our ears; soft stillness, and the night, Become the touches of sweet harmony.

(Quick and Joyous.)

Let the merry bells ring round, And the jocund rebeck sound, To many a youth-and many a maid, Dancing-in the checkered shade. A want of occupation--is not rest, A mind quite vacant-is a mind distressed. As rolls the ocean's changing tide, So-human feelings-ebb-and flow :And who could in a breast confide,

Where stormy passions-ever glow! Remote from cities--lived a swain, Unvexed-with all the cares of gain; His head-was silvered o'er with age, And long experience-made him sage.

more than books.

Anecdote. Love and Liberty. When an with his princess, by Cyrus, and was asked, Armenian prince-had been taken captive what he would give to be restored to his kingdom and liberty, he replied: "As for my kingdom and liberty, I value them not; but if my blood-would redeem my princess, I would cheerfully give it for her." When Cyrus had liberated them both, the princess was asked, what she thought of Cyrus ? To which she replied, "I did not observe him; my whole attention was fixed upon the generous man, who would have purchased my liberty with his life."

Prejudice-may be considered as a con

tinual false medium of viewing things; for prejudiced persons-not only never speak well, but also, never think well, of those whom they dislike, and the whole character and conduct is considered-with an eye to that particular thing which offends them.

Varieties. 1. Every thing that is an object of taste, sculpture, painting, architecture, gardening, husbandry, poetry, and musiccome within the scope of the orator. 2. In a government, maintained by the arm of power, there is no certainty of duration; but one cemented by mutual kindness, all the best feelings of the heart are enlisted in its support. 3. Who was the greater tyrant, Dionysius or the bloody Mary? 4. Beauty, unac companied by virtue, is like a flower, wit! out perfume; its brilliancy may remain, but its sweetness is gone; all that was precious in it, has evaporated. 5. We might as well throw oil on a burning house to put out the fire, as to take ardent spirits into the stomach, to lessen the effects of a hot sun, or severe exercise. 6. The understanding must be elevated above the will, to control its desires; but it must be enlightened by the truth, that it may not err.

The pathway-to the grave-may be the same,
And the proud man-shall tread it,-and the low,
With his bowed head, shall bear him company.
But the temper-of the invisible mind,
The god-like-and undying intellect,
These are distinctions, that will live in heaven,
When time,--is a forgotten circumstane.

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