341. THE RISING INFLECTION ('). This indicates that the voice glides upward continuously, on the more important words. Ex. Do you say that I can learn to sing? Are you going to town to-day? Is he a good mán? Do you love and práctice the truth? Is it your desire to become úseful? Do you wish to become a good reader, speaker, and singer? Is there not a difference between words, thoughts, and feelings? 342. THREE MODES OF EXISTENCE. May Proverbs. 1. Good manners are sure to procure respect. 2. Self-conceit makes opinion costinate. 3. Knowledge is the mind's treasure. 4. Make the best of a bad largain. 5. Never speak to deceive, nor listen to betray. 6. Passion-is ever the enemy of truth. 7. Piefer loss, to unjust gain, and solid sense, to wit. 8. Quit not certainty for hope. 9. Rejoice in the truth, and maintain it. 10. does not make right. 12. Divinity—cannot be d☛ Seek not after the failings of others. 11. Mightfined. 13. Deride not the unfortunate. gross Despots: the. we not appropriately contemplate our bodies, serving contempt, is the glory of human naPhilosophy. Philosophy, so far from deand our minds, as consisting of three degrees, ture. Man approaches, by contemplation, to each having its own legitimate sphere? Is what we conceive of celestial purity and exnot each like a three story house, with three cellence. Without the aid of philosophy, the successive suits of apartments, which may be called the lower, the middle and the upper? globe, would have sunk in slavery and supermass of mankind, all over the terraqueous Are there not three vital degrees of the body, stition, the natural consequences of the abdominal, the thoracic, and the enceph- ignorance. Men, at the very bottom of soalic? And does not the mind consist of as ciety, have been enabled, by the natural many degrees, called scientific, rational and talents they possessed, seconded by favorable affectuous? or, natural, spiritual and heav' enly? Is there not in us, as it were, a ladder opportunities, to reach the highest improve ments in philosophy; and have thus lifted reaching from earth to heaven? Shall we not ascend, and descend upon it, and thus up a torch in the valley, which has exposed take a view of both the worlds in which we the mountain, from which the oppressors salthe weakness and deformity of the castle on livé? But will not the material part soon lied, in the night of darkness, and spread die, and the soul-live forever? Then does desolation with impunity. not wisdom say, attend to each, according to its importance? Are we not wonderfully norant of the human race, who would have meanest, the basest, the most brutal and igmade? Doth our soul know it right well? trampled on the rights and happiness of men And will we praise our Redeemer, by doing unresisted, if philosophy had not opened the kis will' ? eyes of the sufferers, shown them their own 343. On examining children, in an unper-power and dignity, and taught them to despise verted state, and all animals, it will invariably be found, that they use the lower muscles for breathing, and producing sounds. Who is not aware that children will hallon, all day long, without becoming hoarse, or exhausted? And how often it is the case, that parents wish their children to call persons at a distance, being aware that they have themselves lost the power to speak as formerly. Now all that is necessary to be done, by such individuals, is to retrace their steps to truth and nature. Remember, that examples, in this art especially, are better than precents : rules are to prevent faults, not to introduce beauties; therefore, become so familiar with them, that they may govern your practice involuntarily. Anecdote. Gold Pills. Dr. Goldsmith, having been requested by a wife, to visit her husband, who was melancholy, called upon the patient, and seeing that the cause was poverty, told him he would send him some pills, which he had no doubt would prove efficacious. He immediately went home, put ten guineas into a paper, and sent them to the sick man: the remedy had the desired effect. Suspicion overturns-what confidence-builds; those giants of power, as they appeared thro' the mists of ignorance, who ruled a vassal world with a mace of iron. Liberty-is the daughter of philosophy; and they who detest the offspring, do all that they can to vilify and discountenance the mother. Varieties. 1. nat is humility, and what are its effects? 2. Vice-stings us, even in our pleasures; but virtue-consoles us, even in our pains. 3. Cowards-die many times; the valiant-never taste of death but once. health; the value of it is seldom known till it 4. True friendship is like sound is lost. 5. Young folks tell what they do; old ones, what they have done; and fools, what they will do. 6. Men's evil manners live in brass; their virtues, we write in sand. 7. The natural effects of (4) fidelity, (5) clemency and (6) kindness, in governors, are peace, good-will, order and esteem, on the part of the governed. 8. Never make yourself too little for the sphere of duty; but stretch, and expand yourself to the compass of its objects. 9. (4) Friends, (5) Romans, (6) countrymen-lend me your ears; I come to bury Cesar, not to praise him. 10. All truths are but forms of heavenly loves; and all fal sities-are the forms of infernal loves. If you would excel in arts, excel in industry. 344. INFLECTIONS. One very encouraging feature of our interesting subject. is, that all our principles are drawn from nature, and are therefore inherent in every one; the grand design is to develop our minds and bodies in accordance with these principles; which can be done, not by silently reading the work, or thinking about its contents; but, by patient, persevering practice: this, only, can enable us to overcome our bad habits, and bring our voices, words, and mind into harmony, so that the externals may perfectly correspond to the internals. 345. 1. Is there aught, in éloquencethat can warm the heart? She draws her fire from natural imagery. Is there aught in poetry to enliven the imagination? There is the secret of her power. 2. Do you love to gaze at the (3) sún, the (4) moćn, and the (6) planets? This affection contains the science of ASTRONOMY, as the seed -contains the future tree. Would a few pence-duty, on tea, for raising a revenue, have ruined the fortunes of any of the Americans? No! but the payment of one penny. on the principle it was demùnded, would have made them-slaves. Proverbs. 1. The body contains the working tools of the mind; master your tools, or you will be a bad workman. 2. Here, and there; or, this world, and the next, is a good subject for reflection. is 3. An artist lives everywhere. 4. The body the image, or type, of the soul; and the sous is visible, only through it. 5. Never refuse a good to 13 Duelling. We read, in Swedish history, that Adolphus, king of Sweden, determining these false notions of honor, issuppress sued a severe edict against the practice. Two gentlemen, however, generals in his service, on a quarrel, agreed to solicit the king's permission, to decide their difference by the laws of honor. The king consented, and said, he would be present at the combat. He was at tended by a body of guards and the public executioner, and before they proceeded to the onset, he told these gentlemen, that they must fight till one of them died. Then, turn 346. INVALIDS—will find the principle, and practice, here set forth, of great service to them, if they possess the strength, and have the resolution, to adopt them; and they will often derive special aid by attempting to do something: for the mind, by a determina-ing to the executioner, he added, do you imtion of the will, can be brought to act upon the nervous system, in such a way, as to start the flow of the blood on its career of health, and strength; and, ere they are aware of it, they will be ready to mount up as with the wings of an eagle, and leave all care, and trouble, and anxiety on the earth. Let them try it, and they will see: persevere. This had the intended effect; the difference mediately strike off the head of the survivor. between the two officers was adjusted, and no more challenges were heard of in the army of Gustavus Adolphus. Varieties. 1. Oh! who can describe woman's love, or woman's constancy. 2. Can the immortality of the soul be proved from the light of nature? 3. If the sculptor could Anecdote. The Cobbler. A cobbler, at Leyden, who used to attend the public dis-ble a good orator? 4. Can we be too zealous put life into his works, would he not resemputations, held at the academy, was once asked if he understood Latin. "No," replied the mechanic," but I know who is wrong in the argument." "How ?" replied his friend. "Why, by seeing who is angry first." Lift up thine eyes, afflicted soul! From earth-lift up thine eyes, One sun is set-a thousand more Their rounds of glory run, Where science leads thee-to explore In every star-a sun. Thus, when some long-loved comfort ends, Faith-to the heaven of heavens ascends, First, faint and small, then, clear and bright, And stars, that seem but points of light, in promoting a good cause? 5. Are miracles the most convincing evidences of truth? 6. Is it not very hard to cherish unkind feelings, and thoughts, without showing them in unkind words and actions? 7. Are theatres -beneficial to mankind? 8. Ought any thing be received, without due examination? 9. Do you wish to know the persons, against whom you have most reason to guard yourself! your looking-glass will reveal him to you. 10. If a man is in earnest, would you therefore call him a fanatic. They are sleeping! Who are sleeping? Captives, in their gloomy cells; All they love-again they clasp them; 347, THE FALLING INFLECTION (') indicates that the voice glides downwards, continuously, on the more important words. 1. " Where are you going? 2. Of what are you thinking? 3. Who sendeth the early and the latter rain? 4. What things are most proper for youth to learn? Those that they are to practice, when they enter upon the stage of action. 5. Be always sure you are right, then go ahead." 6. Begin'; be bold, and venture to be wise: He who defers this work, from day to day, Does on a river's brink expecting, stay, Till the whole stream, that stopt him, shall be gone,-That runs, and runs, and ever will run on. 7. I do not so much request, as demand your attention, 8. Seek the truth for its own sake, and out of love for it; and when found, embrace it, let it cut where it will, for it is all powerful, and must prevail. 348. Never begin, or end, two successive sentences on the same pitch: neither two lines in poetry; nor two members of a sentence; nor two words meaning different things; if you do, it will be monotonous. The 3d, 4th, or 5th note is the proper pitch for commencing to read or speak; the force must be determined by the occasion, the size of the room, the sense, &c. If we are in the middle of the pitches, we can rise or fall according to circumstances; but if we begin too high, or too low, we shall be liable to extremes. Look at those of the audience at a medium distance, and you will not greatly err in pitch. Proverbs. 1. Speech-is the image of action. 2. Superstition-is the spleen of the soul. 3. Suspect a tale-bearer, and trust him not. 4. Suspicion is the passion of true friendship. 5. Sweet are the slumbers of the virtuous. 6. Safe is he, who action. 8. Set not too high a value on your own serves a good conscience. 7. Never do a mean abilities. 9. Simple diet makes healthy children. I 10. Sneer not at that you cannot RIVAL best answer to a slander-is silence. 1. Vice-is infamous in every body. 11. The Compassion. Compassion-is an emotion, of which we ought never to be asham ed. Graceful, particularly in youth, is the tear of sympathy, and the heart, that melts at the tale of wo; we should not permit ease and indulgence to contract our affections, and wrap us up in a selfish enjoyment. But the distresses of human life, of the solitary cottage, the dying parent, and the weeping orphan. Nor ought we ever to sport with pain and distress, in any of our amusements, or treat even the meanest insect with wanton we should accustom ourselves to think of cruelty. Varieties. 1. What does the tree of life signify, and what the knowledge of good and What heaps of the ruins of a former world, evil, and what the eating from them? 2. are piled up to form the substratum, and the Caucasian, or European race, so migra、 surface, of the one we inhabit? 3. Why is tory and unsettled in its habits and propensities, while the African race seems disposed to stay at home, contented, and happy? 4. Where, in the brain, is the determination of the mind, when we think intensely? 349. MENTAL PHILOSOPHY -treats of Is it not where phrenologists locate causalthe faculties of the human mind; their laws and actions, with a general reference to their ty? 5. Why is the eye used to represent use and cultivation. It teaches, that the wisdom? 6. Who knoweth, (says Solomon, two constituents of mind-are the WILL and the spirit of the beast, that goeth downward? the spirit of man, that goeth upward, and the UNDERSTANDING; the former is the re-7. Why is a circle-used to represent eterceptacle of all our affections, good, or evil; the latter, of all our thoughts, true or false. Phrenology-may be considered, to a certain extent, as the highway to the philosophy of mind; but it is not a sure guide, being founded on the philosophy of effects, instead of that of causes; as is the case with all the sciences: hence, it cannot be depended on. To judge righteously of the subject of mind, we must have the whole man; which involves phrenology, physiology, and psycholo gy: all of which must be seen in the light of TRUTH, natural, and spiritual. Anecdote. Rhymetry. When queen Elizabeth visited the town of Falkenstene, the inhabitants employed their parish clerk-to versify their address: the mayor, on being introduced, with great gravity mounted a three legged stool, and commenced his poetical declamation thus: - "O mighty Elizaqueen, Welcome to Falkenstene!" beth burst out in a loud roar of laughter; and, without giving his worship time to recover himself, she replied, "You great fool, Get off that stool." Keep company with the wise and good. nity? THE DYING CHRISTIAN TO HIS SOUL. Vital spark-of heav'nly flame! O death! where-is thy sting? I hate to see--a shabby book, Proverbs. 1. Through the ear, we must find access to the heart. 2. Hunger makes every kind of food acceptable. 3. Death is the finishing stroke in the picture of life. 4. The remembrance of labors performed, and difficulties overcome, is always agreeable. 5. The labors of the student are sweeter, the farther he proceeds; because his heart is in them. 6. Always yield to the truth. 7. The 350. INFLECTIONS. The reader sees that he rising inflection is used, when questions are asked, that may be answered by yes, or no; also, in cases of doubt and uncertainty: and that the falling inflection is used, when questions are asked that are not thus answered; and in all cases of strong affirmation. Some authors seem not to have noticed the distinction between a rising inflec-improvement of the mind is of the first importance. tion of the voice, and a simple suspension of it, when there is a continuation of the sense. Let us not rely too much on the inflections, to enable us to give variety, but on the different pitches of voice: the former gives artificial variety, and the latter, a natural one. 8. Beware of going into the way of temptations: many have been ruined, merely by looking on, to see how others do. 9. Tricks and treachery are the practice of fools. 10. The proper study of mankind-is man. 11. Promote virtuous communication. 12. An ape-is ridiculous by nature; men-by art and study. 13. Flattery-is a very fashionable art. Anecdote. Old Habits. The duke de 351. 1. Accustom yourself to submit, on all occasions, (even in the most minute, as well as the most important circumstances in Nivernois was acquainted with the countess life,) to a small, present evil, to obtain a de Rochefort, and never omitted going to greater, distant good. This will give de- see her a single evening. As she was a cision, tone, and energy to the mind; widow and he a widower, one of his friends which, thus disciplined, will often reap victo- observed to him, it would be more conven"I have ry-from defeat, and honor-from repulse.ient for him to marry that lady. but one thing Having acquired this invaluable habit of often thought so," said he, rational preference, and just uppreciation, prevents me; in that case, where should start for the prize that endureth forever. 2. spend my evenings?” The man, whose house is on fire, criesFire! FIRE!! FIRE!!! with the falling inflection: but the roguish boy, who would raise a false alarm, cries, Firé, fire, firé, with the rising inflection. 3. This is an Varieties. Educational Questions. (5) open, (4) honorable challenge; why are What are the rights and duties of the famiyou (6) silent? Why do you (5) prevarily, and of society at large, respecting the cate? I (6) insist upon this point; I (5) urge you to it: (4) prèss it; nay, I (3) de mand-it. Promises. If promises-from man to man have force, why not from man to woman? Their very weakness is the charte jured because they can't return it. of their power, and they should not be in 1. education of children? 2. To what sort and degree of education can any human individual, as such, lay claim, independently of 352. The END, the CAUSE and the EFFECT, fortune, or any other distinction? 3. How are the three distinct things, which follow far should the education of a child be regueach other in regular and successive order; lated, according to his natural capacities, for every thing, in this world, and in the and how far should external circumstances other, proceeds according to these degrees: be permitted to affect it? 4. What are the hence, intelligence-properly consists in chief obstacles to a more general education knowing and distinguishing them, and see- of the poor; and what are he leading errors ing them in their order. Illustration: the committed in this greatest of all charities, end of man is the love of his will; for what so far as it extends at present? 5. What one loves, he proposes and intends: the are the chief errors committed in the educacause with him is the reason or the under- tion of the wealthier classes, and by what standing; for the end, by means of the rea- means can the education of both poor and son, seeks for mediates, or efficient causes: rich be made to produce, in the course of and the effect is the operation of the body time, a more harmonious state of society? from, and according to, them. When these 6. How far, hitherto, as christianity been three are exhibited in act, the end is inward- allowed to influence education, and by what ly in the cause, and thro' the cause in the means can the difficulties, arising from diseffect; wherefore, they co-exist in the effect.inctions among christians, be obviated in it? Hence, the propriety of judging every one 7. Who will satisfactorily answer these im by his works; that is, by his fruits: for the portant questions? end, or the love of the will, and the cause, or the reason of his understanding, are together in the effects; which three constitute the whole man. Oh how poor Seems the rich gift of genius, when it lies, "From the birth 352. PRECEDING PRINCIPLES. The sooner Proverbs. 1. Perseverance - overcomes all the pupil begins to rely upon his own re-difficulties. 2. Instruction, by example, is quick sources and experience, the better; and he and effectual. 3. We are only in the morning should not forget, that he must make himself starlight of the arts and sciences. 4. Knowledge is an elocutionist. Hence, the importance of not obtained in a moment. 5. Apollo's bow-was his seeing, rationally, and feeling, in his in- not always bent. 6. Reason-is not the test of most soul, the truth, or falsehood, of the truth: it is only the organ, through which we seɛ truth. 7. No one is so well qualified to rule, as principles here unfolding. Let every examhe, who knows how to obey. 8. Beauty is like ple be thoroughly mastered; and, to prevent the flower of spring: but virtue-is like the stare the growth of bad habits, in reading, speak- of heaven. 9. Vain persons are fond of fine things ing and singing, let him often review; as 10. Respect, and contempt, spoil many a one. 11. well as pay special attention to the varieties Some-outlive their reputation. 12. When sorrow of illustration, that are to be found on every is asleep, wake it not. page. less fame? The love of liberty. What has consecrated his memory-in the hearts of good men? The love of liberty. Whatnerved his youthful arm with strength, and inspired him in the morning of his days, with sagacity and counsel? The living love of liberty. To what-did he sacrifice power, and country, and freedom itself? To the horror of licentiousness; to the sanctity of plighted faith; to the love of liberty protected by law. Thus, the great principle of your revolutionary fathers, of your pilgrim sires, the great principle of the age, was the rule of his life: The love of liberty-protected by Laconics. And what was it, fellow-citi353. 1. It is too late-to urge objectionszens, which gave to our La Fayette his spotagainst universal education; for the fountains of the great deep-are broken up, and a flood of information, (4) theological, (5) scientific, (4) civil, and (6) literary, is carrying all before it; filling up the valleys, and scaling the (6) MOUNTAIN-tops: a spirit of inquiry has gone forth, and sits brooding — -on the mind of man. 2. Music-should be cultivated, not as a mere sensual gratification; but, as a means of elevating, and improving the affections; ennobling, purifying, and exalting, the whole man. 3. Beware of a remorseless thirst for the acquisition of riches; rather than deliver up yourself in execrable devotion to Mammon, mount the ladder of the most dangerous ambition,-even tho' it were planted on the precipice, and leaned against a cloud. 354. POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY -includes all theories and general views of government, with a description of the forms, and the principles on which they are founded, and the modes in which they are administered. This study rests on the basis of natural law, or justice; and therefore, presupposes a knowledge of ethics; requires enlarged and elevated views of human nature, and the constitution of society; with the means by which virtue may be diffused, justice enforced, and order preserved throughout the community: it is alike important to the statesman, the legislator, and the private citizen. Anecdote. Howard's Opinion of Swearers. As he was standing, one day, near the door of a printing-office, he heard some dreadful volleys of oaths and curses from a public house opposite, and, buttoning his pocket up before he went in the street, he said to the workmen near him, "I always do this whenever I hear men swear, as I think that any one, who can take God's name in vain, can also steal, or do anything else that is bad." Hope, of all passions, most befriends us here: Passions of prouder name-befriend us less. Joy-has her tears, and transport-has her death: Hope, like a cordial, innocent, though strong, Man's heart, at mce, inspirits- and serenes. law. Varieties. 1. When a lady receives the addresses of a gentleman, who is in the ha bit of tippling, how is she to determine, to what extent his protestations should be set down to himself, and how much passed to the credit of ardent spirits? In other words, how much is of love, and how much of alcohol? Suppose she test it, by the pledge of total ab stinence? "Tis not the face,-'tis not the form,- That wins true love:-it is the mind. Canst thou believe thy prophet,-(or, what is more,) How (3) poor! how (6) rich! how (4) abject! How (9) august! how (4) complicate! how (2) wonderful is ma Centered in his make-such strange extremes! An (6) angel's arm-can't snatch me tɩom my grave: My mother's voice! how often-creeps Her gentle tones come-stealing by, |