of their statues or images: e. g. Da, niny, in statu constructo junctum, significat CusD. It is however very possible, that the chanum duplicis, i. e., insignis improbitatis. ,Cuschan sceleratus, כּוּשַׁן הַיָּנָא being | Hinc Chaldaeus ,אֲשֵׁרִים, אֲשֵׁרָה proper signification of ܟܘܫܢ ܠܘܠܵܐ et Syrus eumque sequutus , ܒܘ, -quod idem, reddi كوشان الأنيم afterwards neglected, these words might come to be used of rude pillars and wooden statues; just as the Greek 'Epμns was used of any human statue which terminated below the breast in a square column, although it might represent any thing or every thing but Mercury. Prof. Lee.-See vol. i., p. 377. Ver. 8. Arabs derunt. Hebræi in Commentario Michlal καὶ ὠργίσθη θυμῷ κύριος ἐν τῷ Ισραὴλ, καὶ áñédoτo avtovs év xeipi Xovoapσabaiμ Bariλέως Συρίας ποταμῶν. καὶ ἐδούλευσαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ τῷ Χουσαρσαθαὶμ ἔτη ὀκτώ. motionem, inquietudinem significare (cf. not. ), timore correptus fuit interpretatur Au. Ver.-8 Therefore the anger of the timorem magnum (nam syllaba auget et LORD was hot against Israel, and he sold intendit significationem, vid. Arcan. formar., them into the hand of Chushan-rishathaim p. 565), hinc objectum, quod dicunt, timoris, king of Mesopotamia [Heb., Aram-naha- aut reverentiæ, i. e., admodum reverendum ; raim] and the children of Israel served vero pro nomine loci habet, ut nomine Chushan-rishathaim eight years. conjuncto denotetur reverendus, i. e., prinDr. Adam Clarke.—Chushan-rishathaim.] Fuit autem vir urbis Rischathaim. ceps Kushan, the wicked or impious; and so the ille, ut hic additur, ON 122, rex word is rendered by the Chaldee Targum, Aramææ duorum fluviorum, Euphratis et the Syriac, and the Arabic, wherever it Tigridis, interamnis, i. e., Mesopotamiæ. occurs in this chapter. King of Mesopotamia.] King of D") DIN, Aram-nakaraim, "Syria of the two rivers;" translated Mesopotamia by the Septuagint and Vulgate. Ver. 10. יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֵּצֵא לַמִּלְחָמָה וַיִּתֵּן יְהוָה It was the district situated אֶת־כּוּעַן רִשְׁעָתַיִם מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם | between the Tigris and Euphrates, called by the Arabian geographers Maverannaher, "the country beyond the river;" it is now called Diarbek. καὶ ἐγένετο ἐπ' αὐτὸν πνεῦμα κυρίου, καὶ ἔκρινε τὸν Ἰσραήλ. καὶ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς πόλεμον πρὸς Χουσαρσαθαίμ. καὶ παρέδωκε κύριος ἐν χειρὶ αὐτοῦ τὸν Χουσαρσαθαὶμ βασιλέα Συρίας ποταμῶν. καὶ ἐκραταιώθη χεὶρ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν Rosen.3 Quare excanduit ira Joræ in Israelem, vendiditque eos in manum (cf. ii. 14) Cuschanrischathaim. De hoc nomine, quod Græcus Alexandrinus Χουσαρσαθαμ expressit, veterum et recentiorum variæ sunt Xovσapoaðaìμ. conjecturæ. Prius horum nominum, in Au. Ver.-10 And the Spirit of the LORD statu regiminis hic positum, præter hunc came [Heb., was] upon him, and he judged locum legitur Habac. iii. 7, ubi vates sub Israel, and went out to war: and the LORD ærumna se vidisse ait, tentoria delivered Chushan-rishathaim king of MesoCuschanis, et contremuisse aulæa, i. e., ten-potamia [Heb., Aram] into his hand; and toria terræ Midian. Unde colligere licet, his hand prevailed against Chushan-rishanomen fuisse gentis alicujus Nomadicæ, thaim. seu tribus Arabiæ. Nostro vero loco patet esse singuli hominis nomen, et cum ny The Spirit of the Lord. Bp. Patrick.-The Spirit of the Lord T: came upon him.] He had an extraordinary sed usus est robore illo eximio, quo a Deo motion from God to take upon him the instructus fuit. Addo alium locum etiam government of the people; which none clariorem ejusdem capitis e versu 19 ubi durst presume to do, but such as were ap- eadem phrasis a citatis interpretibus eodem pointed by God, who was their king. Jo- modo Latine versa est: y miya), sephus thinks that God appeared to them, or abitque Ascalonem ibique cædebat triginta some way revealed his will to them, in these homines, quos vestibus suis spoliavit. Quis matters; so that they were sure they acted hæc Spiritus S. impulsu facta esse dicat? by his authority. The Chaldee Paraphrast Quis non intelligit nihil aliud esse, seems to favour the latter opinion, who calls quam divinam illam virtutem, qua Simson this spirit, "the Spirit of prophecy." Cer- instructus ea patrabat, quæ humanas vires tain it is, that they had not only an inward longe excedebant. Vide quoque cap. xv. 14. incitement to undertake the deliverance of Et sic putem intelligenda esse omnia loca, in God's people, but were endowed with extra- quibus homines leguntur quædam fecisse, ordinary courage and conduct; and it is quæ ab iis vix exspectari poterant. Omnes likely with a singular gift of Divine elo- corporis animique dotes eximiæ et excellentes quence, to persuade the people to forsake divino beneficio hominibus collatæ ad usus their idolatry, and vindicate their liberty. hujus vitæ vocantur. Sic Jud. iii. 10, Rosen. Fuitque super eum spiritus Jova, de omnibus omnino judicibus dicitur quod Chaldæus, spiritum prophe-divinitus eos esse excitatos ad tiæ interpretatur. Male. Nam quid pro- liberandum et defendendum populum Israëlphetia ad bellum gerendum? Melius idem in- iticum ab ejus hostibus. Deinde in specie terpres infra vi. 34, explicat de Gideone cap. vi. 34, de Jephtha cap. xi. 29, , spiritum fortitudinis a Jova. Sig- et aliis, qui omnes impulsu Spiritus Jovæ nificantur enim illa loquendi forma sæpius populum liberarunt, h. e., divinitus excitati in hoc libro obvia corporis animique dotes sunt ad suscipiendum et audendum aliquid, eximiæ et excellentes divino beneficio homi- quod nunquam alias ausi fuissent. Sic de nibus collatæ ad res magnas et difficiles sus- Bezaleele Exod. xxxi. 3 legitur, eum replecipiendas et feliciter exsequendas. Vid. tum fuisse spiritu Dei, sapientia, infra xi. 29; xiv. 6; xv. 14, et cf. quæ de intelligentia, prudentia. Sed sequenti versu hac re disseruit Dathius ad Glassii Philolog. explicatur, quem in finem Deus ei illum S., a se edita, p. 819, seqq. Recte Kimchi spiritum conferre vellet, nempe ut peritus notat significari spiritum fortitudinis, quo fieret artifex ad vasa et alia instrumenta excitatus amoto omni metu bellum ad- sacri tabernaculi ex auro, argento et ære versus Cuschanem susciperet. fingenda et formanda. Quis vero dicat Dathe.-Non possum omnino assentiri Bezaleelem harum rerum peritia instructum Glassio in eis, quæ num. 2 habet, quando fuisse ex peculiari Spiritus S. revelatione? nimirum omnia dona extraordinaria s. vir- Ex Novo Testamento scimus, Spiritus S. tutes eximias, quæ nonnunquam hominibus opus esse tantum conversionem hominis, sive divinitus collatæ leguntur, Spiritui S. tribuit. quæ ad salutem ejus æternam efficiendam, Etenim vocabulum indubie in ejus- conservandam et promovendam pertinent. modi locis vim et virtutem eximiam, cum Nullibi ei tribuuntur opera ingenii humani. corporis, tum animi, significat, divinitus Ipsius quidem Dei est hoc beneficium, concollatam, in cujus usu illa sola, non Spiritus ferre in homines pro liberrima sua voluntate S. quatenus ut tertia in divinitate persona majorem aut minorem mensuram istarum consideratur, operata est. Clarissime, uti animi virtutum ad res hujus vitæ curandas et arbitror, hæc hujus vocis significatio probari efficiendas. Cur igitur dicamus, aliam Dei potest ex historia Simsonis, in qua legitur œconomiam fuisse in Vetere Testamento ac Jud. xiv. 6, cum Simsoni occurreret leo in Novo, atque Spiritum S. tertiam in divi Que verba | nitate personam instruxisse homines scientia . וַתִּצְלַח עָלָיו רוּחַ יְהוָה וַיְשַׁמְעֵהוּ rugiens Junius et Tremellius male vertunt: Tum rerum civilium ad recte obeunda et admi incessit eum Spiritus Jova adeo ut discinderet nistranda munera sua. Qua ratione perillum. Nec multo melius Castellio: quem motus equidem loca a Glassio citata Num. (leonem) Jova afflatu instigatus discerpsit. xi. 17; Dan. v. 12; vi. 3, de Mosis et DanNil profecto in hoc facinore patrando afflatu ielis spiritu, quo ille utebatur ad populum Spiritus S. aut peculiari ejus excitatione egit, Israëliticum gubernandum, hic ad præfec turas regni Babylonici recte administrandas, ATT Ver. 11. וַתִּשְׁקֹט הָאָרֶץ אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה וַיָּמָת putem tantum intelligenda esse de insigni καὶ ἡσύχασεν ἡ γῆ ἔτη τεσσαράκοντα. καὶ ȧnébave Todovinλ viòs Kevés. Au. Ver.-11 And the land had rest forty years. And Othniel the son of Kenaz died. The land had rest forty years. prudentia horum duumvirorum, qua aliis præstabant, idque beneficio Dei, qui vires intellectus eorum eo usque auxerat, ut longe plura et majora, quam alii, præstare possent. Nimis subtiliter igitur argutantur interpretes in loco illo, ubi de Mose sermo est, separabo de spiritu tuo, qui est super te et ponam super eos vel potius nimis crasse explicant Pool. The land had rest: either, first, verbum illud, separare, cum nihil am- It rested about forty years, or the greatest plius his verbis insit, quam promissio de part of forty years; it being most frequent simili sapientia conferenda divinitus septua- in Scripture to use numbers in such a latiginta illis viris, qua apti redderentur ad ma- tude. Thus the Israelites are said to bear gistratus munera eadem sapientia et pru- their iniquities forty years in the wilderness, dentia administranda, qua id hactenus a Numb. xiv. 34, when there wanted near two Mose solo factum fuerat. Mitto alia ex-years of that number; and to dwell in Egypt empla, quibus hæc illustrari possent, et addo four hundred and thirty years, when there tantum observationem, ex qua hic vocabuli wanted many years of that number. Thus significatus ex ipso loquendi usu Hebræorum probari possit. Videntur nimirum Hebræi vocabulum tropice usurpasse ad virtutem, excellentiam et præstantiam indicandam ; quod ex loco Esaiæ probabile fit, ubi cap. xxxi. 3 propheta dicit: Egyptii homines sunt, non Deus, equi eorum caro sunt, non spiritus. Ex oppositione vocabuli ad plane apparet, illud h. 1. non per spiritum verti posse, sed per virtutem, robur, cum nemo neget, carnem tropice de infirmitate et debilitate dici. Jam vero si Hebræi virtutem aut præstantiam divinitus collatam, sive, ut scholæ termino utar, causam ejus efficientem indicare voluerunt, poterant dicere hyb mm ita tamen, ut vocabulum Joseph's kindred, sent for and called by him into Egypt, are numbered seventy-five souls, Acts vii. 14, although they were but seventy, as is affirmed, Gen. xlvi. 27; Exod. i. 5. So here the land is said to rest forty years, although they were in servitude eight of those years, ver. 8. And in like manner the land is said to have rest eighty years, though eighteen of them they served the king of Moab, ver. 14. And so in some other instances. Nor is it strange and unusual, either in Scripture or in other authors, for things to be denominated from the greater part, as here it was; especially when they did enjoy some degrees of rest and peace, even in their times of slavery, which here non in propria sua significatione, sed they did. Or secondly, It rested, i.e., tropica acciperent. At enim vero hæc non began to rest, or recovered its interrupted ita velim intelligi, ut negem in quibusdam rest, in the fortieth year, either after locis per Spiritum S. indicari. Tan- Joshua's death, or after the first and famous tum his locis, in quibus sermo est, non nisi rest procured for them by Joshua, as is noted, de rebus civilibus, illam notionem parum Heb. iv. 9, when he destroyed and subdued aptam esse arbitror, quod et exemplis the Canaanites, and gave them quiet poset rationibus allatis demonstrasse mihi session of the land; and the land had rest videor. Chushan-rishathaim. verse 8. T from war, as is said, Josh. xi. 23; xiv. 15. See notes on So there is this difference between the years of servitude and oppression, and those of rest, that in the former he tells us how long it lasted; in the latter, when it began; by which, compared with the other years, it was easy also to know how long the rest lasted. To strengthen this interpretation, two things must be noted. 1. That resting is here put for beginning to rest, as to beget is put for beginning to beget, Gen. v. 32; xi. 26; and to reign, for to begin to reign, 2 Sam. ii. 10; and to build, 1 Kings vi. Judged. So most commentators. Rosen. Le, Et judicavit Israelem, cœpit munere judicis fungi, hoc est, supremi magistratus, qui simul erat dux exercituum, et disceptator civilium controversiarum. Hebræi interpretantur vindicavit et in libertatem asseruit, collato Ps. xliii. 1, DN 20, judica me, Deus, quod Jarchi, vindica me explicavit. Unde hic additur et exivit ad bellum. adjiciamus ad jacta templi fundamenta annos judicatus Eli, 1 Sam. iv. 18... 40 præfecturæ Samuelis et imperii Saulis, Act. xiii. 21............ 40 regiminis Davidis, 2 Sam. v. 4. 40 Salomonis ad jacta templi fundamenta, 1 Reg. vi. 1 ... 3 533 Prodibit summa annorum................................. Quibus, si integrum totius epochæ calculum requiras, adhuc addas necesse est Ab exitu ex Ægypto ad mortem Mosis (Exod. vii. 7; coll. Deut. xxxiv. 7)... 40 A morte Mosis ad servitutem primam Mesopotamicam circiter 27 Bp. Patrick.-The land had rest forty years.] It doth not suit with my design to enter into chronological disputes; and therefore I remit the learned reader to the Canon Chronicus of Sir J. Marsham, lib. ii., where he supposes the idolatrous generation to have risen in the thirty-fourth year after the death of Joshua; who lost their liberty, and fell under the oppression of Chushan, for the space of eight years, and after their deliverance from it, lived happily forty years. Which will appear in the sequel to be more Hoc igitur tantum centum et viginti annorum reasonable than to interpret these words as if they signified, "The land rested in the fortieth year after Joshua first settled them in peace and quiet." So our great primate of Ireland (vide A. M. 2599). Rosen.-11 Quievitque terra quadraginta annos, i. e., nec bellis, nec stipendiis solvendis vexata est. Cf. Jos. xi. 23, , et terra quieta erat a bello. Per quadraginta annos quietam fuisse terram cum scriptor dicit, R. Tanchum observat id intelligendum esse ita: usque ad finem quadraginta annorum inde a morte Josuæ. Atque ad hanc summam pertinere quoque octo illos annos, quibus tyrannidem exercuit Cuschan-rischathaim, "Etenim," vs. 8. addit, “nisi sic statuerimus hic aliisque locis similibus, qui sequuntur; nimium excresceret annorum numerus, nec recte prodiret, quod declarabimus ad historiam Jephthæ (infra xi. 26), atque ubi sermo erit de tempore, quo exstructum est templum, in libro Regum." Videlicet 1 Reg. vi. 1, templi fundamenta jacta dicuntur quadringentesimo octogesimo anno post exitum ex Ægypto. Verum si collectis annis in libro Judicum notatis (vid. Proœm. § iv.) 410 . * Proœmium IV. CHRONOLOGIA LIBRI. Habebis annos ...... ....... 600 annos 2. Servitus Eglonis, sive Moabitica, iii. 14.. 18 Liberatio per Ehudem, iii. 30, quando terra quievisse dicitur per annos.. In quæ tempora incidit oppressio Israelitarum per Philisthæos, et vindicia illius afflictionis per Samgarem, non indicato annorum numero, iv. 1. 80 Sed quominus illæ temporum notationes certæ et accurata chronologia inservire possint, primum illud impedit, quod nonnisi pleni anni ponuntur, nullis indicatis mensibus. Deinde anni qui notantur a servitute Mesopotamica usque ad Simsonis mortem, ea qua sequuntur serie non sunt computandi hac de causa, quod oppressiones et liberationes Israelitarum nonnumquam in eadem Ita Philisthæa oppressio inciderunt tempora. ovyxpovos fuit Ammoniticæ, x. 7. Porro quum non omnes Judices toti populo, sed nonnulli peculiaribus tantum quibusdam tribubus præ8 fuerint, commode duo Judices coævi in diversis tribubus rerum potiri, ut et altera libertate gaudere, altera sub servitute gemere eodem tempore potuerunt. Sic requies octoginta annorum Temporum notationes, quæ in hoc libro exstant, si eo quo sese invicem excipiunt ordine computamus, illæ quadrigentorum et decem annorum spatium efficiunt, id quod hæc tabella ostendet: 1. Servitus Cuschan Reschataim, sive Mesopotamica, cap. iii. 8 Ex qua ubi vindicati sunt Hebræi per Othnielem, terra dicitur quievisse, iii. 11, per annos annos 40 discrimen ut componerent cum ea annorum quam molestissimum jugum et bellorum summa, quæ 1 Reg. vi. 1 habetur, inter- tumultus in quiete reponere? Sed præterpretum et Hebræorum et Christianorum quam quod distincta annorum servitutis plures statuerunt, annos servitutis et quietis et quietis enumeratio toties instituitur, nuuno eodemque numero comprehendi, ita ni- merusque annorum quietis illos servitutis mirum, ut quando Israelitæ dicuntur regi annos plene elapsos claris verbis dicitur; Cuschan serviisse per octo annos, et vindice vehementissime quoque ille computus preOthniele per quadraginta quievisse, illos octo mitur calculo Jephthæ, infra xi. 26, quo ab annos servitutis his ipsis Othnielis esse in- occupatione terræ ad suam ætatem annos, cludendos. Eodem modo infra vs. 30 hujus quibus Israelitæ impune regionem Ammoncapitis octoginta annis quietis comprehendi itarum inhabitaverant, numerat trecentos; decem et octo annos servitutis vs. 14, et sic a quo tamen numero longissime absunt, in ceteris; quo pacto centum et undecim quibus illa sententia placet. Omnino vero anni sex illarum servitutum toti summæ de- ille et in hoc libro (vid. Proœm., § iv.) et in trahuntur. Quis vero non videt, absonum aliis libris (vid. paulo supra) toties rediens esse, cum hic dicitur terra quievisse quadra- in temporum notationibus quadraginta et ginta annis, in his annos gravissimæ servitutis et bellorum includere, quod nihil est, sub Ehude non apud omnes tribus æque diu duravit. Illæ enim, quæ meridionalem terræ partem incolebant, requie perpetua per omnes illos annos fruebantur; septentrionales vero post viginti annos a rege Jabin subjugatæ per annos viginti in servitute tenebantur, usque dum a Barako et Debora liberatæ postea per quadraginta annos quietæ manerent, iii. 30; iv. 3; v. 31. A superiore illa quadrigentorum et decem annorum summa quum itaque anni haud pauci demendi sint; illud temporis spatium, quod historia libri Judicum complectitur, trecentos et quinquaginta annos haud multum superaverit. Omnino vero quot annos Judicum regimen duraverit viginti annorum numerus, nullis adjectis mensibus et diebus, satis ostendit, illos calculos haudquaquam ita accuratos esse, ut iis certa quædam xpovoypapía superstrui possit. וַיָּמָת עָתְנִיאֵל,Verbis postremis hujus versus Clericus præmittit hæc: intra quos, scil. PR, et mortuus est Othniel, Kenazi filius, quadraginta annos, quibus quieta fuit terra; "quia," addit, "non est credibile, Othnielem, qui, vivo Calebo, uxorem duxit, superstesque fuit uni atque alteri ætati ab eo tempore, adhuc quadraginta annos post susceptum judicis munus vixisse." Ver. 12. – וַיְחַנֵּק יְהוָה אֶת־עֶגְלוֹן מֶלֶךְ מוֹאָב definiri non potest, quum quantum temporis inter עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וגו' Simsonis mortem et Elin ac Samuelem interfuerit καὶ ἐνίσχυσε κύριος τὸν Ἐγλὼμ βασιλέα Au. Ver.-12 And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the LORD: and the LORD strengthened Eglon the king of Moab against Israel, because they had done evil in the sight of the LORD. Against Israel. כִּשְׁמוֹנִים שָׁנָה] exitum Israelitarum ex Egypto .[וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לְצֵאת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם Nam tempora regiminis Josuæ, Judicum, Saulis et Davidis in summam collecta ex calculis li brorum Josua, Judicum et Samuelis, longe plures ab exitu ex Ægypto usque ad Salomonem annos conficiunt. Josephus denique regimini Judicum plus quam quingentos annos tribuit [Antiqq., Rosen. Et firmavit, fortem reddidit Jova Eglonem, regem Moabi, super Israelem, superiorem illum Israelitis reddidit, subjecit eos suæ potestati. Ver. 13. αὐτοὺς διεῖπον, οἱ προσαγορευόμενοι κριταὶ καὶ μόναρχοι· καὶ τοῦτον πολιτευόμενοι τον τρόπον ἔτεσι πλείοσιν ἢ πεντακοσίοις διήγαγον μετὰ Μωϋσῆν ἀποθανόντα καὶ Ἰησοῦν τὸν στρατηγόν. Ante reges vero suberant imperio eorum qui dicti sunt judices et monarchia, et sub hac reipublica forma annos plus quam quingentos egerunt post obitum Mosis et Jesu imperatoris]. καὶ συνήγαγε πρὸς ἑαυτὸν πάντας τοὺς υἱοὺς ̓Αμμὼν καὶ ̓Αμαλήκ, καὶ ἐπορεύθη καὶ ἐπάταξε τὸν Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ἐκληρονόμησε τὴν πόλιν τῶν φοινίκων. |