xxvii. 14; Titus Justus (for Justus), Acts xviii. 7; the Twin Brothers (marg. Dioscuri), Acts xxviii. 11; the Gerasenes, St. Mat. viii. 28, St. Mark v. 1, St. Luke viii. 26 marg., 37; the Dispersion, St. John vii. 35, St. Jas. i. 1, 1 St. Pet. i. 1; the Way, Acts, passim. Some deduction may, perhaps, be made for a difference of purpose on MR. SAWYER'S part in his list, but there will still remain sufficient changes for a reconsideration of the question.

In the case of the alterations, a look at St. Luke iii. 24-26 only will supply the following, Jannai, Naggai, Semein, Josech, Joda. In Rev. xvi. 16, there is Har-Magedon; the Zealot, St. Luke vi. 15, Acts i. 13; many others also occur.

The variation of the name of Jude is explained by this statement in the preface of the revisers, "We have deemed it best to leave unchanged the titles which are given in the A. V. as printed in 1611." ED. MARSHALL.

LOGIC (6th S. vi. 285).-I wish humbly to explain that I attach no value whatever to any definitions given in my dictionary, as they are all merely copied from my predecessors. The proper way would be to object to what they say. The statement that "it has been reserved for Prof. Skeat to ignore the claim of logic to be an art," is simply untrue, and due to that carelessness which prefers accusation to the trouble of verification. I at once turn to Webster, who does profess to give definitions, and find that he says not a word as to logic being an art. He uses the word science thrice, and quotes from Sir W. Hamilton and Dr. W. Thomson, both of whom use the word science, and neither of whom uses the word art. As the definition of a word is not by any means a strong point of mine, I have merely copied those who are supposed to understand the art of defining.

Cambridge.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

FLOGGING AT THE CART'S TAIL (6th S. vi. 67, 157, 294).-The question asked is, When did this last take place in London? Your correspondents furnish evidence of men, and young men, being flogged in the Camberwell Road, in the Dover Road, and at Worcester, and one records the fact of a woman being flogged, but that was at Preston. Allow me, therefore, to give a more direct answer to your inquirer, by stating that I witnessed a woman whipped at a cart's tail through the streets of the City of London so late as 1811. The procession passed along Fleet Street and under Temple Bar, halting at the broad expanse of road and open space at the east end of St. Clement's Church, where the punishment ended. I know not the offence for which she suffered, or why it should have been continued after she was free of the City bounds. W. D. Chichester.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (6th S. vi.

250).

Forty years ago I kept, as a boy, a MS. scrap-book, in
"Gifts are the beads of Memory's rosary," &c.
which these lines are ascribed to L. E. L. (Letitia
Elizabeth Landon), whose sad end, when Mrs. Maclean,
is well known.
S. M. MACS.
(6th S. vi. 269.)
"Men have many faults," &c.

I cannot tell ALPHA the author of his quotation, but I
can supply him with a variorum reading of it which has
been familiar to me from infancy:-

66

Many men have many minds,

But women have but two:
Everything would they have,
And nothing would they do."

(6th S. vi. 289.)

"And to make idols, and to find them clay,
And to bewail that worship. Therefore pray!"
The authoress of the above lines, which are now cor-

rectly given, is Mrs. Hemans. The title of the poem in
School.
which the lines occur is Evening Prayer at a Girls'
SOPHIE AXON.

Miscellaneous.

Wells Cathedral: its Foundation, Constitutional History,
NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
and Statutes. Edited by Herbert Edward Reynolds,
M.A., Priest-Vicar and Librarian of Exeter Cathedral.
(Privately printed.)

THIS book has grown under the editor's hands until the statutes of Wells Cathedral, for the publication of a small part of it, but that the most interesting and which subscriptions were at first asked, now form but valuable part; it is unfortunate, therefore, that it was not possible to obtain a better text of them. statutes were printed they were known to exist only in When the one MS., and that a transcript made in the seventeenth century by a man who did not understand the matter he was copying out. If the copyist had been content to simply reproduce what was before him, his ignorance would have done no harm, and might have passed unnoticed; but he thought fit to expand the contractions which he found and to make other "corrections," that many passages are, as they now stand, utter nonwhich often occur in the directions about the services, sense. For instance, the words Graduale and Tractus, were contracted in the original, and the copyist has in each case made them into Grutia and Trinitas. Mr. found it, which is, perhaps, right; but it is rather tireReynolds has preferred to print the text exactly as he some to those who read for the sake of the matter. It that the existence of a better was discovered. was only after he had already printed the corrupt text statutes themselves are full of interest. Like those of most other English secular cathedrals, they follow the variations which give them a special interest for ecclegeneral form of the statutes of Salisbury, but with siastical antiquaries, some of whom may wish that they were to be had in a more handy form than as part of a rather ponderous folio. The statutes are followed by a deal of matter, some of local and some of general inlong appendix of many documents which contain a great terest. But the great increase of the volume over what was originally intended comes of the long introduction

of nearly two hundred pages; and we confess to some doubt as to whether it is really worth the trouble and cost which Mr. Reynolds has spent upon it. It is based upon a rather garrulous history of the church of Wells which was written by one Nathaniel Chyle, an officer of the Dean and Chapter, towards the end of the seventeenth century, and was evidently intended by him for publication. It was, however, never printed, and the MS. has remained amongst the papers of the Chapter. Mr. Reynolds seems to have had some difficulty in obtaining leave to use it; but, having done so, it seems to us that he ought either to have printed the whole which perhaps it scarcely deserved-or to have selected the more valuable portions and printed them as he found them, adding any notes or comments of his own separately. He has, however, done neither, but has mixed his own and Chyle's remarks together without any distinction of type, paragraph, or even inverted commas; so that, except where the old spelling helps us, it is impossible to say which we are reading. If Mr. Reynolds had written the history of the church himself, with a general reference to Chyle for his facts, it would have been pleasanter to read, and it would not have been any more necessary for the antiquary who requires exact information to go to the MS. itself than it is now. Having delivered ourselves of this grumble, we must tender our thanks to Mr. Reynolds for having given us the statutes themselves. We have compared them with those of Salisbury, printed by Dr. Rock at the end of his Church of our Fathers, and with those of Lincoln, which have been printed privately by Dr. Wordsworth, the present bishop of that see, and there are some interesting matters which are not in either of these. The study of English liturgical antiquities is only just beginning, and to those who enter on it a collection like this

is invaluable.

The Literary History of England in the End of the Eighteenth and Beginning of the Nineteenth Century. By Mrs. Oliphant. 3 vols. (Macmillan & Co.) A HISTORY of literature may, in a measure, be compared to a plantation, in which the authors represent the trees. Some are lofty oaks. whose "high tops are bald with boar antiquity"; others are robust, but of younger growth; others, again, are but slim saplings, springing from the brushwood and the ferns. The simile might be worked out with greater precision, but it is sufficient for our purpose. Supposing an artist to paint such a scene, he will not be justified in leaving out anything that he sees, still less in neglecting to preserve the just proportion between the different varieties of vegetation, He has no more right to suppress the oaks for the benefit of the saplings than he has to suppress the saplings for the benefit of the oaks. It is into the latter error that Mrs. Oliphant-a writer, we must admit, under the fascination of whose pen it has often been our pleasure to fall-has apparently been betrayed in her so-called Literary History of England. She has confined herself too exclusively to the oaks and left out the rest of the forest. Cowper, Burns, Crabbe, Southey, Landor, Byron, Shelley, Keats, are great names, but a series of chapters on these alone, with a few inter-chapters, suggests rather a réchauffé of isolated articles than an organic history. Then, again, we do not think that she has always preserved proportion. Lamb and Landor and De Quincey have too little space, while Godwin has too much. But these, after all, are pedantries, which very little concern the general reader, and only affect the colder and more unimpressible student. It is for the former that her book is really designed, and those who get their heaviest as well as their lightest fare from Mudie's will find little fault with these fluent and always readable pages. They will

obtain an account of some of the most famous of modern

writers, which is generally brilliant from the biographical,
if not the critical, point of view, and which in many
cases-as, for example, those of Cowper, Miss Austen,
and some others-has a grace and sympathy which could
scarcely be improved upon. If the title of the book had
not created a somewhat false impression as to its scope
and purpose, and if, instead of being described as a
history, it had been presented to the world as a series of
literary essays, it would probably have received nothing
but praise, since as a collection of detached papers it
would be easy to give it the commendation which as a
history cannot honestly be accorded to it.
The Abbey Church of Bangor. A Lecture delivered by
the Rev. Charles Scott. (Belfast, W. & G. Baird.)
BANGOR is, as many of our readers know, a charming
summer resort on the shore of Belfast Lough. It is an
interesting spot, rich in legend and authentic history.
Founded about a century after the landing of St.
Patrick, Bangor was for ages a place of note, not only
in the Green Isle itself, but wherever Irish missionaries
preached the Gospel. In the sixth century a mermaid
was captured here, and Mr. Scott tells us that it or she
was baptized, and appears in the old calendars as a saint,
under the name of Murgen. The lecturer traces the
history of the abbey from its foundation till the end
came in the reign of Henry VIII. The limits of a short
paper have not permitted him to indulge in much detail,
but the history is carefully told, and without any of that
violent party spirit which 80 frequently disfigures
memoirs on Irish history. The lists of abbots and Pro-
testant incumbents will be found useful by students.
The Humble Petition of William Castell, Parson of
Courteenhall, in Northamptonshire, 1641. (Northamp-
ton, Taylor & Son.)

the old literature of their county. It speaks well for
MESSRS. TAYLOR & SON are never weary of reprinting
Northamptonshire that there should be such an un-
present Humble Petition has not many graces of style,
ceasing demand for the memorials of past days. The
Northamptonshire has been described as the birthplace
but it is a curious document which richly deserves study.
of modern missions to the heathen. This is true, or
very nearly so, as far as we, with our present means,
are able to judge. Castell was one of the first to urge
on this noble work, and his petition, though it contains
was evidently the effort of a sincere and earnest man.
some hard sayings which few of us would now accept,
His picture of the English settlers in America is not a
bright one.
rude, more likely to turne Heathen, then to turne others
He says that they "are become exceeding
to the Christian faith." Castell wrote two or three other
tracts. It is to be desired that they also should be re-
printed. The originals are so rare that it is almost
impossible to read them except in the British Museum.
The Dictionary of Needlework. By S. F. A. Caulfeild
and Blanche C. Saward. (Gill.)
WE have here a very comprehensive and instructive
account of artistic, plain, and fancy needlework, in
which not only are the details of the various stitches
employed, the materials, and the meanings of the
addition, the origin and history of the more important
numerous technical terms clearly explained, but, in
branches of the art are dealt with in a style and with a
correctness and exhaustiveness seldom to be met with
in works of this class. The articles on crochet, lace,
knitting, and patchwork may be instanced as especially
interesting and instructive. The work is, on the whole,
beyond all question the most useful as well as the most
elaborate that has yet appeared on the subject. The

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