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1. The LITTLE PILGRIM GOES UP HIGHER.

2. The HISTORY of the ENGLISH LAND LAWS. By F. Pollock.

3. The HADES of VIRGIL. By Principal Shairp, LL.B.

4. FORTUNE'S FOOL. By Julian Hawthorne. Chaps. 37–49.

5. POEM: TWO YEARS AFTER NOVEMBER, 1880. By Joseph Truman.

6. The SALVATION ARMY. By M. A. Lewis.

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I also have a plate belonging to one of the princes of the blood royal, having the royal crest surrounded with the collar and badge of the Garter, and, above, his coronet; below are the helm and owl of Minerva with a wreath of bay. I may notice a beautifully engraved specimen of the landscape style of book-plate. It represents a rock in the middle distance, its base washed by a stream and overshadowed by hanging trees; against the rock is a shield bearing, Erm., a cinquefoil voided gu. between three cross-crosslets az.; in the distance are hills clothed with trees and a temple peeping from the foliage; in the foreground are shrubs and flowers. The name is William Dobie, and the motto, "Levam di terra al ciel nostr' intelletto." Among baronets' plates may be mentioned that of Philip Champion de Crespigny, an elaborate compotion. The shield is oval, the blazon being bar. and femme Bar., Quarterly, 1 and 4, arg., a lion ramp. sa., in the dexter base a fer-de-moulin of the last; 2 and 3, az., three bars arg. Femme, Gu., three chevronels arg., in a chief az. the sun in splendour of the second. On the helm is the Crespigny crest. Around the shield is much scroll-work, with snakes intertwined, and on either side at the top of this work is an eagle and below a lion couchant; immediately under the shield is a female face. The motto is "Mens sibi conscia recti." This is not a baronet's plate, but that of the father of the first baronet, although for convenience I have classed it among the baronets. Sir Egerton Leigh, Bart., bears Quarterly, 1, Leigh; 2, gu., four fusils conjoined in pale; 3, per pale or and sa., three boars pass. of the first; gu., a chev. between three lozenges arg.; in pretence, arg., on a chev. sa. three stags heads caboshed of the first between three crosscrosslets fitchée of the second, on a chief gu. a goat trippant of the first, with the Ulster badge and the Leigh crest. Sir Lambert Blackwell's (Bart.) is a handsome plate, profusely adorned with scrollwork, flowers, and shells, the arms being Arg., three pales az, in a chief gu. a lion pass. of the first; the crest, a swan's head and neck erased, ducally gorged. Among the knights I will refer to Sir Henry Miers Elliot's (K.C.B.) plate, a pretty arrangement of the two shields, the first of which is, Erm., a fess double cotised wavy gu., two flanches or; and the second, the same impaling az., a lion ramp. arg., a label of three points gu. (note, colour upon colour), in each point three roundles of the second; crest, an eagle's head and neck erased ppr., gorged vert, between two wings addorsed ppr., powdered with fleurs-de-lis. I have a small plate-a crest only, with the motto "Fortiter, fideliter, feliciter"—of the late lamented Sir Henry Mather Jackson; also one of Henry Thomas Buckle, the author of the History of Civilization. The arms are, Quarterly, 1 and 4, sa., a chev. arg. between three chaplets ppr.; 2 and 3, parted per saltire arg. and gu., four crescents; crest,

a demi-tiger ramp. ppr. rising from a ducal coronet; motto, "Nil temere tenta nil timide." A pretty plate is that of Henry Aylorde, F.S.A., illuminated in gold and colours, the arms being, Quarterly, 1 and 4, arg., two bars vert between nine martlets 2 and 3, arg, a chev. az. between three griffins heads erased, each charged with a crescent or; crest, a lion ramp. gu. bearing a cross or. Pendant from the shield is a roundle charged with the sacred cipher, and running round the whole composition, which is of the vesica shape, is the motto, "My strength is my Redeemer's crosse." A very elaborate plate is that of William Cockburn, containing nineteen distinct quarterings and three crests, and having pendent from the shield the ribbon and badge of Nova Scotia. I will end by asking those more versed in the gentle science than I whether it is an unusual thing for a commoner to have his crest issuing from an earl's coronet. In a bookplate in my possession the crest is in this form. MONKBARNS.

MEMORABLE RESIDENTS IN ISLINGTON,
BARNSBURY, AND PENTONVILLE.
(Continued from p. 142.)

The Regent Tavern.-At the Regent Tavern, now 201, Liverpool Road, at the corner of St. George's Terrace, have met, in the parlour of an evening, some of the greatest artistic celebrities of the day who lived at that time in the north of London. They used to look in on their way home to smoke a pipe and have a friendly chat on the topics of the time. The house has now been altered into a modern tavern.

Robert Seymour. · At 379, Liverpool Road, at the corner of the Offord Road, then called Park Place, resided some years ago Robert Seymour, artist and caricaturist. He was born 1800, and died by his own hand April 20, 1836, aged thirtysix years. He was the author of Seymour's Sketches, and from his pencil came some of the early illustrations of the works of the late Charles Dickens. Seymour also illustrated the Comie Magazine, 1831-36, and Figaro in London.

E. L. Blanchard. At 20, Park Place, now 367, Liverpool Road, resided for several years Edward Leman Blanchard, well known in the literary world. He was born in London, Dec. 11, 1820, and is the younger son of the late William Blanchard, comedian, who was born 1770 and died May 8, 1835, aged sixty-five years.

Captain Mayne Reid.-In Parkfield Street, some years before the Agricultural Hall was built, resided Captain Mayne Reid, the novelist. He was the son of a minister of the Irish Presbyterian Church, and was born in Ireland 1818.

Drinkwater Meadows.-Drinkwater Meadows, comedian, resided for many years in White Lion Street, near High Street, Islington. Nearly all

the houses in that street in his time were private houses. The late Mr. Meadows will be remembered by playgoers as one of the old school of actors. Only one or two of such representatives may still be surviving. Mr. Meadows belonged for many years to the Covent Garden_company, in association with William Farren, Liston, Harley, Blanchard, and many other comedians popular in the first half of the present century. Mr. Meadows in later years fulfilled engagements at the Princess's Theatre (under the late Charles Kean's management), the Lyceum, and other theatres. He was deemed an admirable performer of old men, and was also esteemed as a low comedian. 'During the last few years he had retired from the stage. His death took place at The Green, Barnes, Surrey, on the 12th of June, 1869, at the age of seventy-five.

Stanley Lees Giffard.-At 39, Myddelton Square, Clerkenwell, resided Stanley Lees Giffard, barrister and journalist; born 1788, died at Folkestone, November 6, 1858, aged seventy years. He was the father of Sir Hardinge S. Giffard, M.P. John Oxenford. John Oxenford, dramatic author and critic, resided some years ago in Myddelton Square, Clerkenwell, afterwards at West Lodge, Barnsbury Square, Islington. He was the author of My Fellow Clerk, I and my Double, Day Well Spent, The Porter's Knot, Twice Killed, and many other plays. He visited New York in 1867, and described in the Times the dramatic amusements of that city. Born in the year 1812, at Camberwell, he died February 21, 1877, aged sixty-five years, at his house in Nelson Square, Blackfriars Road.

Thomas Dibdin.-In various parts of Islington, at different times, lived Thomas Dibdin, author of more than eight hundred dramas. He was born March 21, 1771, and died on September 16, 1841, aged seventy years. His godfather was the famous David Garrick. T. Dibdin resided at 5, Myddelton Square, Clerkenwell, in 1827. He became in 1829 lessee and manager of Sadler's Wells Theatre. His father, Charles Dibdin, dramatist, poet, and actor, built the Circus, St. George's Fields, first opened in 1782, now called the Surrey Theatre. Charles Dibdin enjoyed a pension of 2001. a year till his death. He had two sons, Thomas and Charles; the latter died in 1833. Charles Dibdin, the father of Thomas and Charles, was born 1745 at Southampton, died in Grove Street, Camden Town, July 25, 1814, aged sixty-nine years, and was buried in St. Martin's Cemetery, near St. Stephen's Church, Pratt Street, Camden Town. In 1774 he brought out at the Haymarket Theatre a ballad opera entitled The Waterman; or, the 1st August. The last edition of Dibdin's Songs, with a memoir by T. Dibdin, illustrated by George Cruikshank, appeared in 1850.

H. O. Cureton.-At 20, River Street, Myddelton Square, Clerkenwell, resided H. O. Cureton, numis

matist, of the British Museum. He died there August 23, 1858, aged seventy-three years. George Cruikshank. George Cruikshank, the most celebrated caricaturist of the day, born in London, September 27, 1792, resided for some years at 23, Amwell Street, Clerkenwell, but afterwards removed to 263, Hampstead Road, near Mornington Crescent, where he died February 1, 1878, aged eighty-six years. Cruikshank in 1826 and 1827 illustrated Hone's Every-Day Book. William Hone died November 6, 1843. Cruik shank attended his funeral with the late Charles Dickens. In 1848 he embraced the Temperance cause.

Isaac Robert Cruikshank.-Isaac Robert Cruikshank, brother to George Cruikshank, artist and caricaturist, commenced life as a midshipman in the East India Company's ship Perseverance, but soon quitted the service. His last works were designs for Cumberland's British and Minor Theatre. Isaac Robert Cruikshank was born 1789; he died in his apartments at 208, Pentonville Road, at the corner of Winchester Street, on March 13, 1856, aged sixty-six years. He left a son, Percy Cruikshank, artist and wood engraver. The father of Isaac Robert and George was a native of Aberdeenshire, and his ancestors had fought for Prince Charles Stuart at Culloden, April 16, 1746. EDWARD SPENCER.

(To be continued.)

THE LAW OF GRAVITATION. Prescott, in one of his essays, has pointed out that the Italian poet Pulci "anticipates the discovery of the law of gravitation, and makes the Devil announce to Rinaldo the existence of another continent beyond the ocean." As the poem was written before the voyages of Columbus and before the physical discoveries of Copernicus, the predictions are extremely curious. The fiend, alluding to the vulgar superstition entertained of the Pillars of Hercules, thus addresses his companion :

"Know that this theory is false: his bark The daring mariner shall urge far o'er The western wave, a smooth and level plain, Albeit the earth is fashioned like a wheel, Man was in ancient days of grosser mould, And Hercules might blush to learn how far Beyond the limits he had vainly set The dullest sea-boat soon shall wing her way. Men shall descry another hemisphere; Since to one common centre all things tend, So earth, by curious mystery divine, Well-balanced, hangs amid the starry spheres. At our antipodes are cities, states, And thronged empires, ne'er divined of yore. But see, the sun speeds on his western path, To glad the nations with expected light." But two centuries before Pulci, Dante had expressed the same notion of the existence of a new world; see Inferno, canto xxvi. 115; and in the same poem, canto xxxiv. 103-6, the law of gravi

tation is clearly mentioned. It is not likely that Sir Isaac Newton was acquainted with the poetry of either Dante or Pulci, but perhaps he got a hint of his great discovery from a passage in Troilus and Cressida :

"The strong base and building of my love
Is as the very centre of the earth,
Drawing all things to it."

However this may be, the law of gravitation was known in the East long before the time of Dante. The Sufi poet Jelalu-'d-Din, in his great Mesnevi poem (thirteenth century), has the following passage:--

"A questioner once asked: 'How rests this little ball Within the circumambient spheres without a fall? 'Tis like a lamp hung up to vault of high-pitched dome; It never sinks below, nor soars above its home.'

To him a wise man answered: By attraction's force, On all sides equal poised, it's kept from all divorce; Just as an iron ball would centrally be hung, If loadstone vault there were to hold it freely swung.' Here we find Newton's great discovery anticipated; but it is highly probable that the Sufi philosophers borrowed the notion from the Brahmans of India. Sir William Jones, in his discourse on the philosophy of the Asiatics, observes that the whole of Newton's theology and part of his philosophy may be found in the Vedas :

"That most subtil spirit' which he suspected to pervade natural bodies, and, lying concealed in them, to cause attraction and repulsion, the emission, reflection, and refraction of light, electricity, calefaction, sensation, and muscular motion, is described by the Hindus as a 'fifth element' endowed with those very powers; and the Vedas abound with allusions to a force universally attractive, which they chiefly ascribe to the sun, thence called Aditya, or the Attractor, a name designed by the mythologists to mean the child of the goddess Aditi; but the most wonderful passage in the theory of attraction occurs in the charming allegorical poem of Shirin and Ferhad; or, the Divine Spirit and a Human Soul disinterestedly Pious, a work which from the first verse to the last is a blaze of religious and poetical fire. The whole passage appears to me so curious that I make no apology for giving you a faithful translation of it

"There is a strong propensity which dances through every atom, and attracts the minutest particle to some peculiar object; search this universe from its base to its summit, from fire to air, from water to earth, from all below the moon to all above the celestial spheres, and thou wilt not find a corpuscle destitute of that natural attractability; the very point of the first thread in this apparently tangled skein is no other than such a principle of attraction, and all principles besides are void of a real basis; from such a propensity arises every motion perceived in heavenly or in terrestrial bodies; it is a disposition to be attracted which taught hard steel to rush from its place and rivet itself on the magnet; it is the same disposition which impels the light straw to attach itself firmly to amber; it is this quality which gives every substance in nature a tendency towards another, and an inclination forcibly directed to a determinate point.""

The Mesneri of 'Jelūlū-'d-Din, translated from the Persian by James W.Redhouse, M.R.A.S. (London, Trübner, 1881).

The Pythagoreans are supposed to have derived many of their opinions from the Hindu sages; and Cicero informs us that the ancient European philosophers had an idea of centripetal force and a principle of universal gravitation. Dante may have obtained his knowledge of the law of attraction, as Europe in general derived the groundwork of tales and legends current during the Middle Ages, from Eastern sources or through the esoteric sages of Europe. W. A. CLOUSTON. Glasgow.

A MS. CALENDAR, 1463.

I possess a manuscript calendar, the date of which is about the year 1463. It once belonged to the family of Fairfax of Deeping Gate. On one of the leaves are written, in a hand which is probably identical with that of the writer of the calendar, the following verses on the Incarnation : "Wytte bath wondyr þt Reson tell ne can Houh a mayde bare a chylde both god & man Therfore leve wytte & take to the wundyr I am informed that these lines occur, with a few ffeyth goth a bove & Reson goth vndyr." small variations, at the end of Caxton's edition of the Stans Puer ad Mensam. They are also to be found in Gascoigne's Theological Dictionary, as edited by Mr. James E. Thorold Rogers, M.P. In that place they are printed as prose :

moder is a mayd and God is man. "Wyt hath wundur that reson kan not tell; how a ye wonder; Beleve hath mastry and reson is under."Leve reson, beleve

P. 217.

I think there cannot be much doubt that the version in my calendar is the earlier form of the

text.

It is probable that these verses were once well known and highly prized as a concise statement of the sovereign rights of faith over reason. That they lingered in the popular memory down to the time of James I. is certain, for there is an inscription on the stone lintel of a door in the Skinners' Arms Inn, at Hexham, which contains an undoubted reminiscence of them. I examined this inscription on August 13, but found it so clogged with colour-wash that only some of the words could be made out. James Hewett's Handbook to Hexham contains a reading of it deciphered under less unfavourable circumstances. It is given thus (p. 105):

"C. D: 1613. I. D.

Reason doth wonder, but Faith he tell can,

That a Maid was a Mother, and God was a Man;
Let Reason look down, and Faith see the wonder,
For Faith sees above, and Reason sees under.
Reason doth wonder, what by scripture is meant
Which saith that Christ's Body is our Sacrament,
That our bread is his body, and our drink is his blood,
Which cannot by Reason be well understood.
For Faith sees above and Reason below,

For Faith can see more than Reason doth know." Some of the words in the latter lines seem to have