itself with the other worlds of universal life. It is prefaced by a description of the daily routine of his life: dens, where I sometimes find some children I read and write till two o'clock; then I go to the office and look over the letters of the day, giving some aid to their despatch when necessary; then I walk in Kensington Garto play with me; then I come home and dine, sleep, read, and close the evening with a walk round Regent's Park, which, with its wood, water, and architecture, affords, I always think, the most beautiful civic scenery in the world. Having seen Venice, I suppose I may talk as if I knew what the world contains in that kind, and the Regent's Park is more beautiful in my eyes than Venice. As I walked last night along some of the terraces, through and over intervening shrubberies, and surmounted by statues on the front of the eaves, I could not help thinking that these were dwelling-places too beautiful for mankind in general, and that they seemed to be rather fitted for some peculiar race. And here and there appeared a drawing-room with windows open, through which one saw a richly colored and highly ornamented interior, with a lamp of a graceful shape on a table, and a girl, whom one felt it necessary to think graceful also, seated beside it. But then from time to time I passed a house, the tenants of which were not unknown to me, and I called to mind that they were people whose appearance would not bear a comparison, even by that moonlight, with the columns or the sculptured pediment of their house, or with the trees through whose tracery of foliage I was looking. And that suggested the rather melancholy reflec tion that man is apt to bring more beauty and grace about him than he can afford to be confronted with, and thus to become the eyesore of the scene which he has himself created. Perhaps it may be a lurking sense of this truth which gives its peculiar charm to a ruin. where one sees the columnar architecture than if he had merely thought as we do, and been as enlightened as ourselves. We have already said that of all the pleasant speakers that appear in this book, there is none so attractive as Sir James Stephen, from whom there are a number of letters, and all delightful. He is a man of a very distinct character and point of view, not like his friend the poet; but their differences of opinion do not seem to have affected the confidence and kindness of their relations- not even when Stephen ventured upon the strong step of stating his own religious convictions, with a prayer like that of St. Paul that his friend might be made almost if not altogether like him. Amid the ease and playfulness of his letters, it is curious to read his description of his favorite studies, and his half apology for their character. "Do not accuse me," he says, "of blowing a trumpet before me; for if my opinions and prejudices were precisely opposite to what they are, I should always read religious books when occasion offered, as I find in none other such extraordinary subtlety of reasoning, so much habitual elevation of thought." not, perhaps, been a very usual sentiment even among the devout; but Stephen's "religious books" were not perhaps of the usual kind. It is he who givesnever, we imagine, without a vague inten tion of recommending his faith to his friend- the following very beautiful description of Wilberforce : This has It became a master-passion to which all other ing charm to all who witnessed its exercises. affections and every lower appetite were completely subjugated; but it was that kind of subjection which left room for a well-regulated freedom. The result was a sort of filial confidence in the kindness of God which per I long to write, though I know I never shall, an account of that admirable and most singular person. He was distinguished from the rest of mankind by his extreme susceptibility to every mode of pleasurable thought and feeling. His power of extracting joy out of everything rendered his piety a spring of incesThe fact and the sentiment of this pic-sant gladness to himself, and a most bewitchture are most curiously archaic, if we may use such a word. How the art of fifty years ago is brought before us by that little vignette of the "lamp of a graceful shape," and the girl whom it was necessary to think graceful also, seated near it; and these wonderful palaces of the Re-mitted, and even encouraged, something not gent's Park, more beautiful than Venice, fitted for some race above the human! Here, too, we have strangely changed our opinions. It is natural, perhaps, that we should feel a certain superiority in our There is no adventitious interest atown improved taste; but it is more inter- tached to this substantial volume. It is esting and amusing to accompany that an honest excerpt from a gracious corre. admirable and highly cultured man of let-spondence, not occupied with any sensa ters in his evening walk, and gain a tional crisis of life, but with the every-day glimpse for a moment through his eyes of interests and occupations of a large and our self-same world with such a difference, | dignified existence. This very fact gives quite dissimilar from the light-hearted feeling which it is my greatest happiness to see my children enjoying in my company, and under such parental control as I am obliged to use. it an importance and truth which it would be difficult to overestimate. How Englishmen of the best class thought and spoke, or wrote familiarly to each other, which is much the same thing, forty or fifty years ago; the different ways in which their feelings were expressed; their reticence in some points, their freedom in others, quite opposite to the present rule of our reserves and freedoms, are better shown in such a publication than by scores of descriptions. They had a very different estimate of art, for one thing, and in that, perhaps, were less happy than we; but in many other ways, and especially in their attitude towards all graver subjects of thought, it is possible they may have had an advantage more than counterbalancing all our gain. It is funny to think of Regent's Park as the finest civic architecture in the world; but few people nowadays venture to describe, as Stephen does above, the "filial confidence in the kindness of God," which is the most delightful atmosphere of a Christian mind. From The National Review. THE PATRIOTISM OF A HEREDITARY PEERAGE. WHILST men of political position and influence are endeavoring to discredit the House of Lords in the eyes of the nation, it is worth while to inquire to what extent, if any, the charges which are so freely made can be sustained. Its detractors, as a rule, prefer dealing in generalities to pledging themselves to particulars, and, after their manner, they denounce the peers as drones, who pass their lives in idleness, as Sybarites, who care for nothing but their own ease and pleasure. Let us, therefore, consider the connection of the peerage with the various spheres of work in which men can serve their country and benefit mankind, and ascertain whether the nobility does, or does not, take its part in them. To begin with the army. From the earliest ages the profession of arms has been exceedingly popular amongst the members of noble families, so much so that to attempt to enumerate the scions of noble houses who have adopted the military profession, and to recount their various exploits, would far exceed the limits of an article. It might, moreover, be contended that to show that the younger members of the families of the nobility adopted, in large numbers, the profession of arms, would not be to prove that the peers themselves did so. There will, therefore, be omitted all the names of younger sons of peers, who did not themselves succeed to peerages, as well as, of course, all the names of those peers who won their peerages by successful military service. Many illustrious names will thus fail to appear, as those of the Duke of Wellington and Lord Raglan, who were younger sons of peers as well as winners of peerages; and those of the Duke of Marlborough and Lords Amherst, Cadogan, Clive, Clyde, Combermere, Gough, Hardinge, Harris, Hill, Keene, Lake, Vivian, and others forming the roll of military peerages, of which so many are already extinct. The most recently created military peerage, that of Lord Wolseley, is, for the same reason, excluded. But the following statistics will abundantly prove that the peerage of the United Kingdom has figured most prominently and most honorably in the military history of the country, and that the large number of living peers who have served, or still serve, in the army, affords no ground for suggesting that the ancient valor and prowess of the class are on the wane. Though we deal for the most part with comparatively modern times, there are some families of an earlier period, whose military services have been so eminent as to demand some brief notice. Foremost in this survey must come the illustrious house of De Vere, for no less than eleven Earls of Oxford have served their country in the ranks of the army, viz., the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 16th, 18th, 19th, and 20th earls, and of these the 7th, 18th, and 19th died in the field. This historic earldom was created by the empress Maud and confirmed by, Henry II. in 1135. In 1702 died the last of the line, of whom Macaulay says: "The noblest subject in England, and indeed, as Englishmen loved to say, the noblest subject in Europe was Aubrey de Vere, 20th and last of the Earls of Oxford." From a numerical standpoint, the ancestors of Earl Delawarr should come next, for amongst them ten peers have served their country in military capacities, and many of them with very great distinction. Of the noble and famous house of Fitzalan, seven Earls of Arundel were soldiers, as were also a like number of the Earls of Essex, a title held in succession by the great families of Mandeville, Bohun, and Bourchier. Of the house of Cathcart five peers have served in the Of army, the representatives of five succes- | 4th, 6th, and 7th lords. Of the Barons sive generations the 8th baron, com- Grey de Wilton, the 3rd, 5th, 8th and 13th, mander-in-chief of the British forces in of whom the last was esteemed the greatAmerica; the 9th, a lieutenant-general est soldier of the nobility of his time, and and aide-de camp to the Duke of Cumber- attained the rank of field-marshal. land at the battle of Fontenoy; the 10th, the Barons Ferrers, the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and commander-in-chief of the expedition to 5th Lords Ferrers of Groby, and the 2nd, Copenhagen in 1807; the 11th (and 2nd 3rd, and 5th Lords Ferrers of Chartley. earl) colonel of the First Dragoon Guards; Of the Lords Torphichen, the 7th, 9th, and the present and 3rd earl. 11th, and present lords. Of the Lords Of the Stanhopes, Earls of Harrington, Sinclair three besides the present holder the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th earls all attained of the title. Of the Lords Elphinstone, high military rank. Of the ancestors of the 2nd, 12th, 13th, and 14th. Of the the present Lord Lindsay, the 3rd, 4th, Lords Westmorland, the 7th, 11th, and 6th, 8th, and 9th earls were in the army; present earls, of whom the 7th was a the 4th commanded the Black Watch, lieutenant-general under the Duke of gained great distinction in the French and Marlborough, and the present lord, aideTurkish wars, and died of a wound re-de-camp to Lord Raglan in the Crimea. ceived at the battle of Krotzka; the 8th In the great historic battles which are was distinguished for the reduction of amongst the most conspicuous landmarks Coorg in India, and saw forty-four years in our national history, the peerage is of active service in almost every quarter always found to be well and honorably of the globe; whilst the romantic career represented. In the battle of Crecy apof Henry, 9th Earl of Lindsay, contains pear the names of between twenty and many incidents of great interest, espe- thirty of the English nobility. As a proof cially at the present time. In Anderson's of the ever-changing, and therefore non"Scottish Nation," Vol. I., we read of exclusive, character of the peerage, is the him that being sent to Persia to organize fact that, of this splendid contingent, there the artillery, his gallantry, his unrivalled appear, in the peerage of the present day, feats of daring, combined with his gigantic but four of these original titles. Of these, stature, being six feet seven inches in only one is represented in the direct male height, obtained for him great celebrity. line, and three in the female line. The On one occasion, during the hostilities barony of West, conferred, by writ of with Russia, the Russians took advantage summons to Parliament, on Sir Thomas of his absence from the camp to carry off West in 1342, has continued in his heirs, his six brass guns. Major Lindsay, on his in the direct male line, through nineteen return, seeing, by the aid of his field-glass, generations, and is now represented by his cannon in front of the Russian lines, Earl Delawarr, who is, therefore, a direct harnessed his horses, gallopped across descendant in the male line of Thomas, the intervening plain, cut down the guards, 2nd Lord West, one of the heroes of and brought off his guns in the face of the Creçy. Lord Delawarr is also a direct whole Russian army. descendant, in the female line, of John, 2nd Lord Delawarr, who was in the van of the division commanded by the Black Prince on that day, and in whose barony that of West became merged in 1426. Of the other two surviving titles, the present Lord de Ros represents, in the female line, William, 4th Lord de Ros, who had the distinguished honor of being, with other noblemen, at the head of the second division of the English army; and Lady Willoughby de Eresby represents John William, 2nd Lord Willoughby de Eresby, who was also one of the commanders of the second line. It so happens that on the roll of the present peerage there is a Willoughby, a direct descendant of the 2nd Lord Willoughby de Eresby, in the person of Lord Middleton. Of the rest, all are gone, and except in a few instances, in which they have been adopt Of the house of Forbes, the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and present Earls of Granard all attained high military rank, whilst of the elder branch of the family, represented by the present Lord Forbes, four barons were in the army, the 18th having been in the Coldstreams at the battle of Waterloo. | The ancient barony of Fitzwalter, now dormant, has, during its tenure by the three families of Fitzwalter, Ratcliffe, and Mildmay, given many soldiers to the State the 3rd, 4th, and 7th barons of the Fitzwalter family, and the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th of the Ratcliffes. Of the Scropes of Bolton the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th lords were in the army. Of the Barons Scales, the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th were soldiers. Of the Mowbrays the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 8th (2nd Duke of Norfolk), and 1oth barons. Of the barony of Stafford the 2nd, 3rd, ed by subsequently ennobled their titles are forgotten and Sic transit gloria mundi. families, | of the most trusted companions-in-arms of unknown. the great duke, to whose knighthood of the Garter he eventually succeeded; the 2nd Earl of Uxbridge, the gallant leader of the cavalry brigade under Sir John Moore, who was taken prisoner near the Agueda when Lord Wellesley's second in command; Sir John Hope, 4th Earl of Hopetoun, colonel of the 42nd Regiment, who for his gallant conduct was created a peer of the United Kingdom by the title of Baron Niddry; the 3rd Earl of Kenmare, who served in the Peninsula with the 40th Regiment; the 21st Lord Dacre, father of the present peer, and colonel of the 31st Regiment; the 4th Earl of Fife, who, going to the Peninsula as a volunteer, was wounded at the battle of Talavera, and again at the storming of Fort Matagorda, near Cadiz; and the 3rd Lord Hotham. Ten years later the battle of Poictiers again brought to the front the martial spirit of the English nobility. Of the heroes of Crecy, the Earls of Oxford, Salisbury, and Warwick were again prominent figures, as were the 3rd Lords Willoughby de Eresby, Delawarr, and Burghersh, whose fathers, as before mentioned, were at Crecy. There, too, were the Earl of Suffolk (2nd Lord Ufford), James Lord Audley, the 4th Lord Berkeley, who was wounded in the engagement, Lords Cherlton, Aton, Panmure, Archdeckne, St. Arnaud, and Tibetot. Of these titles all are dormant or extinct except those of Willoughby de Eresby and Delawarr, as already described. That of Berkeley may be, perhaps, excepted, the barony having been, according to some authorities, succeeded to by James Berkeley, grandson of the 4th lord, and, according to others, newly created in his person. Whichever it may be, the barony enjoyed by the grandson devolved in the direct male line on the 6th and late Earl of Berkeley, uncle of the present owner of the title, the Baroness Berkeley. In the splendid victory on the plains of Azincour, or Agincourt, as it is more familiarly known, the English army and their leaders exhibited the same undaunted courage. Intercepted as they were by the whole French army, wasted with sickness and fatigue, and with their supplies cut off, their victory over a force four times as numerous as their own, stands out as one of the most brilliant achievements of our military history. In this battle fell the 2nd Duke of York and the 3rd Earl of Suffolk, and amongst other commanders present were the 2nd Earl of Northumberland, the 5th Lord Northwode, all four titles long since extinct, and the 6th Lord Willoughby de Eresby. Passing on to more modern times, the glories of the Peninsular War are so centred in the name of Wellesley, himself member of a noble family, that the services of those in subordinate commands are thrown somewhat into the shade. But for the purposes of this review we may call forward such men as the 8th Marquis of Tweeddale, who was aide-de-camp to Wellesley during the Peninsular War, was wounded at the battle of Busaco, and was afterwards promoted to the rank of fieldmarshal; the 3rd Marquis of Londonderry, colonel of the 2nd Life Guards, and one On the field of Waterloo, seventy years ago, with the army of the great duke was that distinguished soldier, the 2nd Earl of Uxbridge, of whom it was universally admitted that, next to Wellington, the victory was more indebted to him than to any other of the warriors of that memorable day. Lord Uxbridge, afterwards Ist Marquis of Anglesey, led the united. British, Hanoverian, and Belgian horse, and towards the close of the battle was wounded severely in the right leg, which it was eventually found necessary to amputate. There also shared in the glories of that day the 5th Duke of Richmond, father of the present duke; the 9th Earl of Mar and 14th Lord Erskine; the 9th Earl of Dalhousie, colonel of the 26th Regiment; the 18th Lord Forbes, father of the present peer, who was in the Coldstream Guards; the 6th Lord Rokeby, who was also at the battle of Quatre Bras; with the 2nd Guards, the 3rd Lord Grantley, who was wounded during the engagement, and who had also, a short time previously, been present at Quatre Bras; and the 3rd Lord Hotham. Passing now to the Crimean War, there are still living seven peers who took part in the great struggle with Russia. I, Lord Westmorland, who was in the Punjaub campaign, and was bearer of the despatches announcing the battle of the Alma; 2, Lord Roden, who was at the battles of the Alma, Balaclava, and Inkerman; 3, Lord Erroll, who was severely wounded at the Alma; 4, General Lord Lucan, colonel of the 1st Life Guards, who commanded the cavalry division in the war, was at the storming of the heights of the Alma, at Balaclava, where he was wounded, at Inkerman, and at the siege of Sebastopol; 5, Lord Orkney, who was a captain in the 71st Highland Light Infantry at the siege of Sebastopol; 6, Lord Kingsale, late of the 47th Regiment; and 7, Lord Hylton, formerly of the 4th Light Dragoons, who was at the Alma, Inkerman, and Balaclava. One peerage represented there, that of Lord Rokeby, the 6th and last baron, who was in command of the first division, became extinct at his death. Three other Crimean peers have passed away the 6th Lord Delawarr, a major-general; the 7th Lord Cardigan, colonel of the 11th Hussars; and the 4th Lord Avonmore, who was a major in the Royal Artillery, and whose son, the 5th viscount, a captain in the 37th Regiment, died last year in the Soudan. Not only has the peerage afforded a long array of names of those who have served in the army, but from them might be formed a goodly list of those who have died for their country, whether in actual engagement, or from the effect of wounds, or through the scourges and exposure incidental to compaigning. Amongst them, not already mentioned, are the 2nd Earl of Carlingford, whose viscounty of Taafe is now represented by Viscount Taafe, prime minister of Austria, the 8th Lord Cathcart, who died at Dominica on his way out to take command of the land forces designed to operate against Carta gena, the 7th Lord Colville, who was killed at the siege of Cartagena, the 3rd Viscount Downe at the battle of Campen, the 7th Earl Dundonald at the siege of Louisburg, the 2nd Lord Elphinstone, the 2nd Earl Forfair, the 3rd Viscount Howe, who fell at Ticonderoga, the 4th Lord Mowbray in Turkey, the 2nd Earl Rochford (the bearer of the despatches announcing the victory at Blenheim) at the battle of Almanza, and, in the present year, the 4th Viscount St. Vincent, who was killed at Abu Klea, and Lord Avonmore already mentioned. It has already been recorded how Lords Berkeley, Tweeddale, Fife, Uxbridge, Grantley, and the present Lord Erroll were wounded, and to these may be added an illustrious contemporary of Marlborough's, William, 6th Lord North, who served under the duke in all his campaigns, and had his right hand shot off at the battle of Blenheim, the 4th Marquis of Lothian, who was wounded at the battle of Fontenoy, and the 2nd Lord How den, at the battle of Navarino and again at the siege of Antwerp. Amongst the field-marshals who were peers by inheritance, besides Lords Arundel, Uxbridge, Tweeddale, and Grey de Wilton, already referred to, are the 3rd Earl Harcourt, who died in 1830, and the 2nd Viscount Shannon, both extinct titles; the 2nd Duke of Argyll, who was the first and only Duke of Greenwich; the 6th Earl and 1st Marquis of Drogheda, Lord Howard de Walden; the 3rd Viscount Molesworth, aide-de-camp to the Duke of Marlborough, whose life he saved at the battle of Ramillies; the 3rd Duke of Richmond, the 2nd Earl Stair, who served as brigadier at the battle of Oudenarde in 1708, and was selected as the bearer of the despatches announcing that famous victory, and afterwards commander of the forces on the Rhine, and second in command under King George II. at the battle of Dettingen; and the 4th Viscount and 1st Marquis Townshend, who was present at the battles of Dettingen, Fontenoy, and Laffeldt, and as second in command at the siege of Quebec, received the surrender of the town after the death of the gallant Wolfe. Amongst other eminent soldiers, taking them in alphabetical order, are the 3rd Earl of Albemarle, who was at Fontenoy, the 2nd Earl Cornwallis, the 5th Duke of Gordon, colonel of the Scots Fusiliers, the 2nd Lord Haversham, the 2nd Earl Hyndford, brigadier-general, the 3rd Duke of Marlborough, brigadier-general, who commanded a brigade of Guards at the battle of Dettingen, and was in command of the land forces in an expedition against the French colonies, the 2nd Viscount Mountjoy, the 2nd Duke of Ormonde, who destroyed the French and Spanish fleets in the harbor of Vigo in 1745, the 2nd Lord Tyrawley, a general in Queen Anne's wars. Of the present peerage no fewer than eighty-five members have served in the army, a number probably unsuspected by most persons. There are, besides, many who have served in the militia, yeomanry, and vol. unteers, and of these some conspicuous names readily present themselves, such as Lord Elcho, now Lord Wemyss. Amongst the younger sons and brothers of peers, there are to be found in the pages of the peerage of the last two hundred years thousands of soldiers. There are, too, many instances in the military profession of heirs apparent and heirs presumptive to peerages, who have not lived to succeed to titles. To mention but one of the former, the Marquis of Granby, eldest son of the 3rd Duke of Rutland, was a most |